LIBRARY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


(u 


GIFT    OF 


ICTIONARY 

METALLURGICAL 

and  CHEMICAL 

MATERIAL 


1910 


PUBLISHED  BY 

Metallurgical 

afChemical 


239  West  39th  Street,  New  York 


DICTIONARY 


OF 


Metallurgical  and  Chemical 

Machinery,  Appliances  and  Material 

MANUFACTURED  OR  SOLD  BY  ADVERTISERS  IN 


Metallurgical 

^Chemical 
IZngin  e  erln  g 


SECOND  EDITION 


OF   THE 

PRICE  50  CENTS 


PUBLISHED  BY 

METALLURGICAL  AND  CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING 
239  West  39th  Street,  New  York  City 


Copyright,  1910,  by 
ELECTROCHEMICAL  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 


PREFACE. 

The  first  edition  of  this  Dictionary,  issued  last  year,  has  found 
such  a  friendly  welcome  as  to  convince  us  of  its  usefulness  for  the 
many  users  and  buyers  of  chemical  and  metallurgical  machinery, 
appliances  and  material.  While  the  second  edition,  which  we  here- 
with hand  over  to  our  friends,  has  been  completely  revised  and  quite 
considerably  enlarged,  the  general  scope  has  not  been  changed. 
As  to  scope  and  object  we  quote  from  the  preface  of  the  first  edition: 

The  object  is  not  to  give  a  complete  directory  of  the  trade,  since 
representation  in  this  Dictionary  is  limited  to  the  advertisers  in 
Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering.  On  the  other  hand  this 
little  book  is  more  than  a  mere  directory  or  tabulation  of  the  names 
of  manufacturers;  the  object  is  to  give  to  prospective  purchasers 
in  compact  form  and  convenient  alphabetical  arrangement,  concise 
and  accurate  descriptions  of  the  different  makes  and  special  features 
of  any  class  of  apparatus.  Our  intention  is,  therefore,  to  produce 
ultimately  a  sort  of  combination  of  dictionary  and  handbook. 

Any  alphabetical  dictionary  arrangement  naturally  results  in 
heterogeneous  articles  being  brought  together  on  the  same  page. 
To  relieve  somewhat  this  inevitable  heterogeneity,  this  Dictionary 
is  divided  into  three  parts: 

Part  I. — Machinery,    Appliances    and    Material    for    Chemical    and 

Metallurgical  Industries page  1  to  160 

Part  II. — Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory    Supplies 

page  161  to  214 
Part  III. — Professional  Directory page  215  to  219 

Each  part  is  arranged  alphabetically  and  cross-references  have 
been  freely  employed  for  the  convenience  of  the  reader. 

One  point  of  divergency  from  the  ordinary  alphabetical  arrange- 
ment, however,  needs  explanation.  If  anyone  looks  up  ball  mills, 
or  tube  mills,  or  jaw  crushers,  etc.,  he  will  find  in  each  case  a  cross- 
reference  to  Crushing  and  Grinding.  It  seemed  to  us  advisable  to 
bring  all  crushing  and  grinding  machinery  together  under  one 
heading  and  to  group  them  alphabetically  under  this  heading  (so 
that  "  Crushing  and  Grinding:  Ball  Mills  "  precedes  "  Crushing  and 
Grinding:  Crushers,  Jaw  "  and  this  again  precedes  "  Crushing  and 
Grinding:  Tube  Mills  "  etc.)  The  advantage  is  that  the  alpha- 
betical principle  and  the  convenience  of  finding  a  certain  machine 
is  maintained,  while  on  the  other  hand  a  man  who  has  something 
to  crush  or  grind,  but  has  not  yet  made  up  his  mind  what  machine  to 
use,  will  find  here  together  in  a  series  of  pages  all  different  types  of 
machinery . 

201843 


Prejace. 


This  arrangement  has  been  generally  made  use  of  in  the  Dic- 
tionary, as  under  pyrometers  in  Part  II,  where  this  principle  of 
arrangement  enables  a  clean  division  into  a  number  of  prominent 
general  types  with  distinct  special  features  and  limitations  of  tem- 
perature. 

The  descriptive  notes  have  either  been  furnished  by  the  ad- 
vertisers themselves,  especially  for  this  purpose,  or  have  been  com- 
piled from  the  trade  literature  or  advertisements  of  the  various  firms. 

One  copy  of  this  Dictionary  we  are  sending,  free  of  charge,  to  every 
subscriber  and  advertiser. 

Our  thanks  are  due  to  many  friends  for  corrections  and  sugges- 
tions, all  of  which  have  found  due  consideration  in  this  second 
edition.  For  the  future  we  ask  again  for  the  cooperation,  by 
criticism  or  suggestion,  of  all  who  will  use  this  little  book  in  the 
task,  often  so  troublesome,  of  looking  for  information  "  where  to  get 
things." 

METALLURGICAL  AND  CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING. 
New  York,  June,  1910. 


OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY 

OF 


PART  L 

Machinery,  Appliances,  and  Material 
for  Chemical  and  Metallurgical  Industries* 

(For  Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies,  see  Part  ID 


ABBE  Tube  Mill  and  Ball  Mill.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 
ABRASIVES.     See  Carborundum,  also  Corubin. 

ABSORPTION  TOWERS.     System  Kypke  and  Lunge-Rohrmann, 
complete  or  in  single  parts  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware  for  absorp- 
tion purposes. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

ACCUMULATORS,  HYDRAULIC. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ACETATE  OF  LEAD.     Sugar  of  lead.     All  grades. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL., 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

ACETYLENE  CYLINDERS.     For  storing  acetylene,   and   acety- 
lene generators  for  welding.     See  Welding,  Oxy-Acetylene. 
— AMERICAN  OXYGEN  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ACETYLENE  GAS  is  made  from  calcium  carbide     and    water. 
Calcium  carbide  produced  and  sold  by 
— UNION  CARBIDE  Co.,  CHICAGO  AND  NEW  YORK. 

ACETYLENE  GENERATOR.     Insures  a  constant  supply  of  acety- 
lene gas  at  an  equal  maximum  pressure  of  two  pounds  for  welding 
purposes.     See  Welding,  Oxy-Acetylene. 
— INDUSTRIAL  OXYGEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ACETYLENE  PRESSURE  GENERATOR.  Used  with  the  Davis- 
Bournonville  oxy-acetylene  process  of  welding  and  cutting,  will 
maintain  a  pressure  of  15  Ibs.  per  sq-  in.,  enabling  users  of  the  pro- 
cess to  pipe  the  acetylene  gas  to  various  points  in  the  factory  where 
the  process  can  be  carried  on  most  conveniently. 
— DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ACHESON  GRAPHITE.     See  Graphite. 


2  Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ACIDS.     Chemically  pure.     Hydrochloric,  nitric,  sulphuric  acids. 
Full  particulars  and  prices  on  request. 
— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

ACIDS.     Sulphuric,    fuming   sulphuric,    muriatic,    nitric,   mixed, 
acetic,  hydrofluoric,  hydrofluosilicic,  battery  and  phosphoric    acids 
and  battery  solutions. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ACIDS.  Sulphuric,  muriatic,  nitric,  hydrofluoric  and  mixed  acids. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OP  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ACIDS.     Chemically  pure.     Hydrochloric,  nitric,  sulphuric  acids. 
Full  particulars  on  request. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OF  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ACIDS.     "  Baker's    Analyzed    Chemicals."     Every    label    shows 
an  analysis,  and  our  guarantee  provides  that  the  contents  of  each 
bottle  will  conform  with  that  analysis. 
— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 

ACIDS.     Sulphuric,  distilled  for  storage  batteries. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OP  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ACIDS.     Sulphuric,  muriatic  and  nitric.     Mixed  acid  for  nitro- 
glycerine trade.     Acetic  acid — all  strengths.     Storage  battery  acid  . 
Aqua  fortis.     Heavy  chemicals  for  all  purposes. 
— THE  GRASSSLLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

ACIDS.  Chemically  pure.  Sulphuric,  hydrochloric,  nitric  and 
aqua  ammonia.  For  manufacturing  and  laboratory  purposes.  Full 
information  on  request. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

ACIDS-     Sulphuric,  oil  of  vitriol,  muriatic,  nitric.     Mixed  acids 
for  high  explosives. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ACIDS.     Commercial  sulphuric,  nitric  and  muriatic,  liquid  car- 
bonic, electrolyte  (battery  fluid). 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

ACID   ELEVATORS.     Montejus,   made  of  acid-proof   stoneware 
in  all  sizes.     These  montejus  are  tested  to  resist  various  pressures 
depending  on  the  size  of  vessel.     Used  to  elevate  acid  by  means  of 
compressed  air. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.)  , 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  3 

ACID  PROOF.     Materials.     See  Brick,  Kettles,  Pipe,  Tanks  and 
Vitreosil  acid-proof,  chemical  apparatus. 

ACID  PUMPS.     See  Pumps,  Acid. 

ACID  RETORTS  of  fused  silica. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

(See  also  Quartz,  Fused  in  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 

ACID  RETORTS,  Pans,  Lifts,  and  Stills.     See  Castings,  Chemical. 
Also  Stoneware. 

ACID  SYPHONS.     See  syphons  acid. 

ACID  TUBING.     Rubber. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

ACID  TUBINQ.     Fused  silica. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

(See  also  Quartz,  Fused,  in  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 

"  ADVANCE  "  WIRE.     See  Wire. 
AGITATORS.     See  also  Blowers. 

AGITATORS— STEAM-JET.  The  Koerting  agitators  offer  a 
means  of  rapidly  and  immediately  mixing  or  dissolving  chemicals 
in  water  or  other  liquids.  This  process  is  generally  carried  on  with 
mechanical  stirrers  which  frequently  fail  to  give  the  desired  effect. 
The  Koerting  agitator  is  extremely  simple  in  construction,  easy  to 
fix  and  work,  and  costs  very  little  and  obviates  all  disadvantages 
of  the  mechanical  stirrers.  The  action  is  based  upon  the  fact  that 
a  steam -jet  issuing  from  a  small  nozzle  into  a  larger  one  carries  along 
with  it  the  surrounding  air  and  gives  this  air  a  velocity  sufficient  to 
overcome  a  pressure  of  fully  8  feet  of  water.  The  air  escaping  with 
great  force  from  holes  in  pipe  fixed  at  bottom  of  tank  causes  a 
violent  agitation  of  the  liquid  surrounding  it  and  stirs  up  and  drives 
in  all  directions  any  solid  matter.  This  agitator  has  no  moving 
parts,  is  easily  installed  and  occupies  small  space,  requires  no  atten  - 
tion,  and  is  economic  in  consumption  of  steam. 
— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

AGITATORS  AND  ELEVATORS  OF  STONEWARE.     For  lifting 
and  stirring  acids,  can  be  woiked  either  by  steam  or  compressed 
air;  very  simple  and  efficient  apparatus. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  Stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

AIR  COMPRESSORS.     See  also  Blowers. 


4  Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

AIR-COMPRESSORS.     Steam-driven,     belt-driven,     electrically- 
driven,  hydraulic  driven. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

AIR  JET-LIFT. 

— BETHLEHEM  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  SOUTH  BETHLEHEM,  PA. 

AIR-JET  LIFT.  The  Koerting  Air-jet  Lift  is  made  of  almost  any 
material  desired,  iron,  brass,  lead,  stoneware,  hard  rubber,  etc., 
and  is  operated  by  compressed  air.  It  works  without  mechanism; 
and  can  be  installed  (for  instance)  in  drilled  or  artesian  wells.  This 
lift,  like  all  air-jet  lifts  must  be  installed  as  deep  under  the  level  of, 
the  liquid  as  corresponds  to  height  of  lift.  It  has  three  connections; 
suction  at  bottom  (to  which  a  strainer  may  be  attached  if  desired) 
air  inlet  and  discharge  connections  directly  on  top.  This  air-jet 
lift  is  to  be  recommended  very  highly  where  dilution  of  acids  by 
steam  is  objectionable;  also  on  account  of  its  greater  efficiency  over 
steam -jets  or  piston  pump,  due  to  no  loss  in  condensation  of  steam 
through  long  pipes,  and  as  a  piston  pump  cannot  always  be  made 
of  suitable  material.  Catalog  HH-2. 
— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

AIR  SEPARATION.  For  grinding  mills.  See  Crushing  and 
Grinding,  Raymond  Mill,  and  Strcud  Mill.  See  also  Separator, 
Blast,  and  Separator,  Vacuum. 

ALLOYS.     See  also  ferro-alloys  and  other  alloys. 

ALLOYS. 

— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

— BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  GEO.  G..  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW   YORK. 

—LAVING  &  Co.,  E.  J.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— LEAVITT  &  Co.,  C.  W.,  NEW  YORK. 

— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ALLOYS.     "  S.   A.   M.   alloy  "   for  producing  sound  ingots  and 
castings  free  from  blowholes.     We  also  make  a  special  high-speed 
alloy  for  tool  steel. 
— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

ALUM.     Lump,  burnt,  ground  and  filter  alums. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CIT". 

ALUM.  Alum  and  Sulphate  of  Alumina  for  filtering  purposes. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OF  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material. 


ALUM.     Crystal  or  lump  alum.     All  forms  of  alum  for  filtering 
purposes. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ALUMINA.     Sulphate  and  chloride  of  alumina. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ALUMINA. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ALUMINIUM.     Of    first    quality,    guaranteed    over    99%    pure. 
Ingots,  sheets,  rods  and  wire. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y.  , 

ALUMINIUM.  Ingots,  rods,  granulated,  for  use  in  steel  industry. 
— JANNEY,  STEINMETZ  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 

ALUMINIUM.     For  use  as  deoxidizing  agent  in  iron  and  steel 
industry.     Light  alloy  castings.     Aluminium  wire,  etc. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ALUMINIUM,    NO.    IS    ALUMINIUM    ALLOY.     Contains    82% 
aluminium.     Specific  gravity  3.00.     A  good  casting  alloy  suitable 
for  pattern  work,  etc. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

ALUMINIUM  BRONZE.     All  the  different  grades  of  aluminium 
bronze  in  ingots. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

ALUMINIUM  NICKEL.  One  of  the  strongest  light  aluminium 
casting  alloys.  Contains  93%  aluminium,  the  hardening  ingredients 
being  nickel  and  copper.  Specific  gravity  2.75.  Suitable  for  auto- 
mobile castings  and  other  work  requiring  a  light  alloy  of  maximum 
strength. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

ALUMINIUM  IN  STEEL.  Aluminium  is  largely  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  steel;  the  amount  varying  as  to  the  grade  of  the  steel, 
the  amount  of  occluded  gases,  the  temperature  of  the  molten  metal, 
etc.  The  amount  varying  from  i  to  f  of  a  pound  per  ton  of  steel. 
The  advantages  of  aluminium  in  steel  manufacture  are  as  follows: — 
(1)  Producing  ingots  with  solid  tops,  thereby  greatly  decreasing  the 
scrap;  (2)  Quieting  of  boiling  in  molten  steel,  thereby  proving  a  much 
needed  aid  in  the  handling  and  control  of  wild  heats;  (3)  As  an  aid 
to  homogeneity  in  steel: — (a)  By  preventing  oxidation.  (6)  By  a 
property  of  rapidly  permeating  the  molten  mass,  thereby  greatly 
aiding  other  alloys  to  combine  homogeneously  with  the  steel;  this 
is  especially  true  of  nickel,  (c)  By  causing  steel  to  solidify  more 
evenly,  thereby  avoiding  segregation  of  phosphorus  and  other  im- 
purities; (4)  Increasing  tensile  strength  without  a  decrease  of 


6  Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ductility;  (5)  Removal  of  any  oxygen  or  oxide  from  the  steel  (good 
steel  for  electrical  purposes  has  been   produced  using  aluminium 
exclusively  to  remove  the  oxidation,  thereby  giving  in  the  finished 
product   a   very   low    manganese   content);    (6)    Rendering  of   the 
steel  less  liable  to  oxidation  (by  stopping  boiling  in  the  moulds, 
thus  preventing  a  continuous  exposure  of  fresh  surfaces  of  molten 
steel  to  the  atmosphere) ;  (7)  Producing  ingots  and  castings  of  smooth 
surface,  a  self  evident  advantage  for  the  finished  mill.     Aluminium 
is  not  a  hardener  of  steel  and  none  of  its  alloys  with  steel  in  ma- 
terial proportions  have  so  far  proved  advantageous.     It  has  been 
proved  that  the  addition  of  aluminium  just  before  or  during  pour- 
ing causes  the  metal  to  lie  quiet,  and  give  off  no  appreciable  quan- 
tity of  gases,  thus  producing  sounder  ingots  and  castings.     Blow 
holes  in  steel  and  iron  are  partly  caused  by  the  presence  of  car- 
bonic oxide  gas  in  the  metal,  and  this  gas  is  decomposed  by  the 
aluminium   which   unites  with   the   oxygen   forming  alumina  and 
setting  free  the  carbon  which  appears  as  graphite.     It  also  com- 
bines in  some  way  with  the  hydrogen  and  nitrogen,  either  absorbing 
them  or  rendering  them  soluble  in  the  steel.     Aluminium  is  the 
principal  dioxidizer  known  to  metallurgists,  the  next  being  silicon; 
their  relative  effects  being  shown  as  follows: — 100  parts  by  weight 
of  oxygen  will  combine  with  114  parts  of  aluminium  or  140  parts  of 
silicon  or  350  parts  of  manganese.     Moreover,  the  aluminium  will 
entirely  disappear  if  there  is  any  oxygen  present,  and  will  only  be 
found  in  the  steel  after  all  the  oxygen  has  been  absorbed.     On  the 
other  hand,  silicon  is  found  in  the  steel  even  with  oxygen  still  present. 
It  is  estimated  that  aluminium  is  five  times  as  active  as  silicon  in 
eliminating  oxygen.     In  making  ingots  too  much  aluminium  causes 
excessive  piping  and  therefore  a  large  loss  from  crop  ends.     Where 
the  ingots  are  to  be  forged  or  rolled,  from  2  to  4  ounces  of  aluminium 
to  a  ton  of  steel  have  been  found  advantageous.     Larger  amounts 
may  be  added  to  advantage  where  large  ingots  are  to  receive  only 
scant  working;  here  it  seems  to  increase  the  ductility  without  altering 
the  ultimate  strength.     Where  freedom  from  blow-holes  is  the  first 
consideration,  i.e.,  in  steel  castings,  and  where  excessive  piping  and 
contraction  in  cooling  is  provided  for  by  large  runners  and  sink- 
heads,  larger  amounts  are  used  to  advantage.     In  tests  of  J.   E. 
Stead  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent,  of  aluminium  added  to  that  steel  in- 
creased the  weight  and  solidity  and  reduced  blow-holes  23  per  cent. 
Tests  have  shown  that  steel  to  which  aluminium  has  been  added 
will  run  through  small  passages  without  chilling  better  than  ordinary 
steel;  the  reason  is  that  the  latter  foams  when  in  contact  with  cold 
surfaces  and  the  flow  is  impeded  to  such  an  extent  that  the  steel 
chills.     The  knowledge  of  this  advantage  is  invaluable  in  the  prac- 
tice of  open-hearth  steel  casting.     The  best  results  are  only  to  be 
obtained  by  using  a  good  grade  of  aluminium  which  contains  no 
impurities.     Scrap  aluminium  either  in  the  shape  of  scrap  or  re-cast 
into  ingots,  is  likely  to  contain  elements  which  will  be  very  harmful 
to  the  steel,  two  of  the  dangerous  alloys  being  copper  and  zinc. 
Besides  it  is  doubtful  economy  to  use  scrap  because  there  is  a  very 
large  surface  exposed  to  oxidation  before  reaching  the  steel  and  the 


Part  1.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  7 

loss  is  correspondingly  greater,  amounting  in  cases  of  thin  scrap  to 

10%  or  sometimes  25%. 

— JANNEY,  STEINMETZ  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ALUMINI UM  SOLDER,  RICHARDS.  The  only  aluminium  solder 
producing  reliable  joints.  Instruction  for  use:  Use  no  flux,  as  the 
solder  contains  its  own  flux.  Rub  the  surface  of  aluminium  to  be 
soldered  with  a  stick  of  solder,  applying  heat  at  the  same  time 
with  a  blow  pipe,  so  that  the  end  of  the  stick  is  continually  melting. 
The  surface  of  the  aluminium  will  thus  become  "  tinned  "  with 
solder.  After  "  tinning  "  it  is  best  to  rub  the  solder  thoroughly 
into  the  surface  while  still  fluid,  with  a  clean  metal  scratch  brush. 
The  durability  of  the  joints  depends  on  the  thoroughness  of  the 
"  tinning,"  and  the  scratch  brush  insures  perfect  work.  To  make 
a  lap  or  butt  joint  between  two  sheets,  proceed  as  follows:  After 
the  surface  has  been  "  tinned  "  in  the  manner  described  there  should 
be  melted  upon  them  sufficient  solder  for  sweating  the  pieces  to- 
gether. It  is  difficult  to  get  solder  to  flow  into  an  aluminium  joint. 
It  must  be  put  just  where  it  is  wanted  in  the  first  place.  After  the 
pieces  have  been  thus  prepared  they  can  be  placed  in  a  position  and 
the  flame  applied  long  enough  to  make  the  solder  perfectly  fluid, 
after  which  the  joint  is  permitted  to  set,  care  being  taken  that  the 
pieces  do  not  move  while  the  solder  is  still  fluid.  To  make  a  lock 
joint  the  sheet  should  be  coated  with  solder  before  it  is  turned  over, 
or  else  the  solder  will  not  soak  into  the  joint.  If  it  is  desired  to 
solder  a  twisted  joint,  the  wire  should  be  <•  tinned,"  before  the  joint 
is  made,  after  which  the  soldering  can  be  done  in  the  ordinary 
manner.  To  solder  cables  into  a  sleeve  or  into  a  switch  terminal, 
clean  and  "  tin  "  the  wires  individually.  "  Tin  "  the  inside  of  the 
sleeve,  or  terminal,  with  aluminium  solder.  If  a  closed  terminal  is 
used,  insert  the  cable  and  heat  at  the  same  time,  feeding  in  the  solder 
until  the  terminal  is  full,  after  which  allow  to  cool. 
— JANNEY,  STEINMETZ  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ALUMINIUM  SULPHATE.     Iron  free.     In  all  grades  for  paper 
and  color  manufacturers  and  dyeing  purposes. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ALUMINIUM  WELDING.     See  Welding,  Oxy- Acetylene. 

ALUMINOTHERMICS.  The  name  given  to  the  discovery  made 
by  Dr.  Hans  Goldschmidt  that  metallic  oxides  mixed  in  suitable  pro- 
portion with  finely  divided  aluminium,  when  ignited  in  one  spot, 
continue  their  combustion  throughout  the  whole  mass  without  any 
supply  of  heat  from  outside.  The  temperature  so  created  is  ex- 
tremely high — about  5,000  degrees  F. — and  is  obtained  within  less 
than  half  a  minute  after  ignition.  The  science  of  aluminothermics 
occupies  itself  with  the  application  and  utilization  of  the  forces  so 
created.  (See  "  Welding  Outfit— Thermit  ",  "  Welding  Solid  Iron 
and  Steel  Sections  by  the  Thermit  Process,"  "  Welding — Thermit," 
"  Pipe  Welding  by  the.  Thermit  Process,"  "  Reinforcing  Rods— 


8  Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Welding  by  the  Thermit  Process,"  "  Foundry  Practice  with  Thermit" 
"  Steel  Castings  by  the  Thermit  Process,"  "  Steel — Special," 
"  Thermit,"  "  Thermit  Steel,"  and  various  metals  free  from  carbon.) 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,   NEW  YORK. 

ALUMINO-VANADI UM. 

— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

AMALGAMATING  PLANTS.     For  gold  ores.     Large  builders  of 
all  classes  of  machinery  for  such  plants,  the  designs  being  based  on 
an  experience  of  many  years.     Catalog  6-C. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

AMALGAMATING  RIFFLES.  For  gold  and  silver  ores  in  mills; 
also  for  placers,  dredges,  and  cyanide  works.  These  riffles  will 
amalgamate  more  gold  and  silver  than  the  flat  plates  as  all  of  the 
fine  or  flour  gold  is  brought  to  the  amalgamated  surface  and  cannot 
escape;  and  also  the  tarnished  (or  rusty  gold)  that  is  lost  over  the 
flat  plates  is  recovered  in  these  riffles. 
— Lucius  S.  PIERCE,  DENVER,  COLO. 

AMERICAN  INGOT  IRON.     The  purest  iron  manufactured  (con- 
taining at  least  99.8%  iron).     For  use  in  all  places  where  resistance 
to  corrosion  is  essential.      (See  article  by  James  A.  Aupperle  in  Met. 
&  Chem.  Eng'ing,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  262.) 
— AMERICAN  ROLLING  MILL  Co.,  MIDDLETOWN,  OHIO. 

AMMONIA.     Aqua  and  anhydrous  ammonia. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ANNEALING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  Annealing. 

ANNEALING    FURNACE,    ELECTRIC.     See    Furnace,    Electric, 
Annealing. 

ANNEALING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers. 

ANODES.  May  be  of  simple  form  or  made  up  of  a  number  of 
pieces.  Various  metals  as  well  as  carbon  are  used  for  this  purpose. 
In  many  electrolytic  processes  this  latter  element  is  found  to  be 
more  efficient  when  in  the  graphic  form.  Rods,  slabs,  hollow  and 
solid  cylinders,  special  shapes,  etc.,  containing  99%  graphic  carbon 
are  made.  These  readily  lend  themselves  to  the  making  of  both 
simple  and  complex  forms,  since  they  can  be  machined  in  any  way 
desired.  Where  moderate  current  densities  per  unit  surface  are 
required,  efficiency  and  economy  can  be  maximized  by  employing 
leading-in  rods  of  graphite  working  at  100  to  150  amperes  per 
square  inch,  threaded  into  graphite  distributing  slabs  or  blocks. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

ANODES,  PLATING  ELLIPTIC.     Cast  in  all  standard  commercial 
metals  with   square  copper  wire  hooks  attached.     The  great  ad- 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  9 

vantage  in  the  use  of  these  anodes  is  the  uniformity  of  deposit  as 
disintegration  takes  place  from  all  sides  of  the  anode.  They  are  2£ 
inches  wide  by  H  inches  thick.  By  the  unifoim  wear  of  the  anodes 
the  solution  is  constantly  kept  in  good  condition.  These  anodes 
allovr  a  free  circulation  of  solution  and  wear  as  thin  as  a  knifeblade, 
thus  reducing  the  loss  of  metal  to  the  smallest  possible  amount. 
(See  paper  by  C.  P.  Burgess,  Electrochem.  Ind.,  Vol.  I,  p.  347.) 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

ANODES,  PLATING  SILVERITE.  Made  in  nickel,  copper,  and 
brass.  Consist  of  two  or  more  vertical  rods  from  a  cross  horizontal 
top  rod  with  suspension  hooks.  Large  surface,  uniform  and  even 
wear.  The  solution  is  kept  thoroughly  saturated  with  metal  and  is 
easily  kept  in  good  conditions. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ANODES,  ZINC.     For  electrical  purposes. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

ANTIMONIAL  LEAD.     See  Lead,  Antimonial. 

ANTIMONY,     Black.      Powdered      metallic     antimony.      Needle 
antimony.     Antimony  chloride,  oxide,  sulphide  (crude  and  golden). 
Japanese  ore. 
— FUERST  BROS  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ANTIMONY.  "A.  S.  P."  Brand  English  star  antimony,  for 
Babbitt  (8.33%  tin,  8.3  antimony,  8.3  copper);  antifriction  (80  lead, 
15  antimony,  5  tin);  Britannia  (10  antimony,  90  tin);  pewter  (7.1 
antimony,  1.8  copper,  1.8  bismuth,  89.3  tin);  electrotype  (87  lead, 
8.7  antimony,  4.3  tin);  linotype  (83  lead,  12  antimony,  5  tin). 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ANTIMONY.     Commerically  pure.     "  Ruthlock  "  Brand. 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

ANTIMONY  RUBBER  BELTING.     See  Belting. 

AQUA  AMMONIA.     All  strengths. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

AQUADAG.  An  excellent  lubricant.  Differs  from  Oildag  (which 
see)  in  that  it  is  a  colloidal  solution  or  suspension  of  deflocculated 
Acheson  graphite  in  water  instead  of  oil.  For  air  compressors, 
pneumatic  tools  or  wherever  oil  is  dangerous  or  objectionable. 
Unequalled  for  high  speeds,  because  of  its  low  viscosity.  As  a  cut- 
ting fluid  for  thread  or  general  lathe  work  it  is  superior  to  lard  oil 
or  any  cutting  compound. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


10         Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ARSENATE  OF  SODA. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ATWOOD  CRITCHLOW  NESTS.  See  Critchlow  Nests. 
ATWOOD  HYDRAULIC  MANIFOLDS.  See  Manifolds. 
ATWOOD  VALVES.  See  Valves. 

AUTOCLAVES.     Of    cast-iron    enameled    ware.     Tested    for    a 
pressure  of  50  atmosphere. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

AUTOCLAVE  LINERS  OF  STONEWARE.     Very  useful.     They 
are  cast  out  with  lead  or  embedded  in  sand  or  kieselguhr.     Also 
convenient  for  putting  into  calcium  chloride  baths. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

BALL  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

BARIUM  BIOXIDE.     86%  and  90  to  92%. 
— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

BARIUM-CHLORIDE  FURNACE.    See  Furnace,  Barium-Chloride 
BARREL  PACKER.     See  Packer. 

BASKETS,  DIPPING.     Of  hard  rubber. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

• 

BATTERIES— DRY. 

Flashlight.     Our   principal   sizes   are   for   the   tubular,    coat 

pocket,    and   vest    pocket   types.     Especially   noted   for   long  life, 
strong  current  and  brilliant  light.     We  also  manufacture  battery 
renewals  for  all  types  of  flashlights  on  the  market. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

Ignition.     This    class    of    service    requires    a    battery    that 

is  capable  of  enduring  strenuous  work  and  must  also  render  long 
service  life.  We  have  a  number  of  types  of  ignition  batteries  but 
our  leading  one  is  Columbia  ignitor.  It  is  known  for  its  efficient 
and  reliable  spark  and  its  quick  recuperative  power  which  gives  it 
long  life. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

Open-Circuit.     An    open    circuit    battery    remains    out    of 

work  during  most  of  its  life,  therefore  it  must  be  able  to  hold  up  in 
this  open-circuit  condition.  Particularly  long  shelf  life,  uniformity 
of  current  drain  and  long  service  life  are  features  of  our  Columbia 
brand.  Especially  adapted  to  telephones,  electric  bells,  signal 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  11 

service  and  similar  use.     Also  a  complete  line  of  high  grade  open 
circuit  cells  at  lower  prices  than  that  of  the  Columbia. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

Rectangular.     Many  classes  of  service  require  dry  batteries 

that  have  a  rectangular  form  instead  of  round.     We  have  a  complete 

line  of  sizes. 

— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

Special    and    Novelty    Batteries.     A    great    many    types    of 

apparatus  and  toys  require  special  dry  batteries  of  odd  shapes,  sizes, 
connections,  etc.     We  have  a  complete  assortment  of  batteries  for 
this  class  of  work. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

Waterproof.     Among  our  well  known  waterproof  batteries 

may  be  mentioned  (1)  Autocell,  four  cells  in  series,  enclosed  in  a 
metal  case;  (2)  Multiplex,  four  cells  in  series,  enclosed  in  wood  case. 

(3)  Series  Multiple,  various  numbers  of  cells  connected  in  series 
multiple,  in  either  metal  or  wooden  case.     The  number  of  batteries 
to  be  connected  in  series  multiple  depends  on  the  class  of  service. 

(4)  Tubular,  three  cells  in  series,  connected  end  to  end  in  a  metal 
tube.     It  is  particularly  adapted  to  motor  cycle  and  motor  boat 
service. 

— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

BATTERIES— WET. 

Carbon     Cylinder     Cell.     Another    form     of     sal-ammoniac 

cell  which  contains  a  carbon  cylinder  but  no  depolarizer.     The  zinc 
is  in  pencil  form.     This  battery  is  for  bells,  signals  and  other  light 
drain  duties.     No.  7  leads  all  others  in  this  class. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


No.  2  Carbon  Porous  Cup  Cells.     A  sal-ammoniac  cell  con-. 

taining  a  depolarizer  of  manganese  and  carbon.  A  zinc  cylinder 
surrounds  the  carbon  cup  and  adds  to  its  service  and  long  life 
qualities.  This  battery  is  made  in  various  sizes  and  is  adapted  to 
stationary  gas  engine  ignition,  telephones,  fire  alarms  signals,  etc. 
Our  leading  cell  of  this  type  is  No.  2. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

— -Copper  Oxide  Cell.  A  closed  circuit  cell  containing  a  solu- 
tion of  caustic  soda,  zinc  and  a  depolarizer  of  copper  oxide.  On 
account  of  the  ratio  of  the  ingredients  this  cell  is  capable  of  re- 
maining in  closed  circuit  for  long  periods  of  time  without  being  run 
down.  Particularly  adapted  to  railroad  signal  service  of  various 
forms. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

BATTERY  CHARGING.     Westinghouse  automatic  battery-charg- 
ing outfit.     For  converting  alternating  current  to  direct  current  for 


12          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

battery    charging    purposes   or    delivering   moderate   quantities   rf 

direct  current. 

— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BATTERY  FILLER.  Acheson  graphite  for  dry-battery  filler  is 
made  in  two  leading  grades,  "  Ba2  "  and  "  Bbl,"  besides  an/  de- 
sired size  of  lump  or  granular  graphites,  or  any  mixture  of  sizes. 
"  Ba2  "  is  a  fine  powder,  guaranteed  92%  graphite  carbon.  "  Bbl  " 
is  not  quite  so  finely  ground,  contains  98%  graphitic  carbon  and  is 
of  different  texture  from  the  "  Ba2  "  All  are  practically  free 
from  iron,  of  uniform  quality,  chemically  inert,  contain  no  volatile 
matter,  and  possess  high  electrical  conductivity. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

BATTERY  FLUID.     Electrolyte  of  various  strengths  to  suit   the 
requirements  of  all  makes  of  storage  batteries. 
- — THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

BAUXITE  ORE.     French,  for  the  manufacture  of  aluminium. 
— CONTINENTAL  AMERICAN  ORE  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

BAUXITE. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BAUXITE  BRICK.     See  Brick,  Bauxite. 

BEET    SUGAR    MACHINERY.     Multiple    effects,   strike    pans, 
diffusion  batteries,  crystallizers,  heaters,  beet  wheels  and  washers, 
and  mechanical  filters. 
— SWENSON   EVAPORATOR   Co.,   CHICAGO,  ILL.,  (formerly  American 

Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 
— ZAREMBA  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

BELTING,  GUTTA  BALATA.  An  absolutely  seamless  belt. 
Made  under  Forsyth's  Patent.  Can  be  run  with  either  side  next  the 
pulleys,  and  is  practically  unaffected  by  oils  or  grease.  Made 
stapled;  also  supplied  plain  without  staples.  The  duck  used  in  this 
belt  is  so  woven  that  stretch  is  reduced  to  the  minimum.  A  4-ply 
Gutta  Balata  belt  is  equal  to  a  5-ply  rubber  or  canvas  belt. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON. 

BELTING,  RUBBER.  Made  of  a  specially  woven  duck  of  great 
tensile  strength  and  high-grade  rubber.  Adapted  for  use  in  damp 
or  wet  places,  either  for  the  transmission  of  power  or  conveying  of 
materials.  Conveyor  belts  supplied,  when  desired,  with  an  extra 
thick  rubber  cover  to  overcome  injury  to  the  belt  by  abrasion. 
"  Boston  "  and  "  Niagara  "  grades  especially  recommended  for 
satisfactory  service  and  durability.  "  Imperial  "  is  a  stitched 
rubber  belt,  in  which  there  are  rows  of  stitches  of  long  stapled  cotton 
yarn  running  the  entire  length  of  the  belt,  about  1"  apart.  "  Im- 
perial "  Stitched  Belting  is  well  adapted  for  hard  and  severe  work. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON. 


UNIVERSITY 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  13 

BELTING,  RUBBER.  Not  affected  by  dampness,  nor  by  changes 
in  temperature.  Absolutely  uniform  in  width  and  thickness.  Our 
belting  being  thoroughly  stretched  in  manufacture,  the  tendency 
to  elongate  in  service  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.  A  three  or  four 
ply  is  equal  to  a  single,  and  five  or  six  ply  is  equal  to  a  double  leather 
belt.  It  can  be  reversed  and  either  side  run  next  to  the  pulleys. 
Seamless  belting.  Our  brands:  Giant  ("  the  original  stitched 
belt,  and  the  best  belt  ever  made  "),  Granite,  Beacon,  Shawmut, 
Special  brands,  Four  Ace  Matchless,  Special  Elevator,  Silvertown 
Elevator,  Special  Conveyor,  Shawmut  Conveyor,  V.  Z.,  Pilot. 
Conveyor  belting,  concentrator  belts,  ore  elevator  belting. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

BICARBONATE  OF  SODA.     Natrona.     For  baking  powder  and 
drug  purposes. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BICARBONATE  OF  SODA. 

— THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

BICHLORIDE  OF  TIN. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  DETINNING  Co.,  NEW  YORK  ClTY. 

BISULPHIDE  OF  CARBON.     See  Carbon  bisulphide. 

BLAST  FURNACES.  See  Furnaces,  Blast,  also  Furnaces,  Smelt- 
ing. 

BLAST  NOZZLE  OR  VENTILATOR.  Made  of  hard  lead  and  used 
in  chemical  works  for  creating  draft  at  the  end  of  the  chamber 
system.  By  installing  this  nozzle  in  the  flue,  the  same  condition 
of  draft  can  be  had  on  the  burners  and  in  the  chambers,  independent 
of  variations  of  the  atmosphere.  On  account  of  the  proper  con- 
struction and  proportioning  of  the  nozzles,  the  consumptions  of  steam 
is  very  small.  These  blast  nozzles  are  manufactured  in  two  styles, 
one  with  fixed  steam  nozzle,  and  the  other  with  removable  steam 
nozzle.  The  latter  has  the  advantage  that  the  steam  nozzle  can  be 
replaced  without  taking  the  blast  nozzle  out  of  the  flue.  Catalog 
KK-4. 

— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BLEACHING.  See  bleaching  powder;  bleaching  liquor;  chlorine; 
hypochlorite;  oxone;  ozone;  palm  oil  bleacher;  perborate  sodium; 
peroxide  calcium;  peroxide  strontium;  sulphur;  sulphur  dioxide. 

BLEACHING  LIQUOR.  An  electrolytic  cell  for  continuous  pro- 
duction of  sodium  hypochlorite  (bleaching  liquor)  from  sodium 
chloride  for  bleaching,  disinfecting,  etc.  A  4%  solution  of  salt  flows 
by  gravity  into  the  cell,  while  a  110- volt  direct  current  is  passed 
through  it.  The  solution  flowing  off  (bleaching  liquor  or  hypo- 
chlorite) contains  four  to  five  grams  available  chlorine  per  liter. 


14          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Sodium  hypochlorite  is  a  strong  oxidizing  agent  quickly  attracting 
any  organic  matter  in  cloth  or  vegetable  fibers.  The  apparatus  is 
of  great  convenience  for  use  in  laundries  and  in  general  where  a 
bleaching  or  disinfecting  operation  is  to  be  carried  out.  The  solu- 
tion contains  no  free  chloride  or  alkali,  thus  being  perfectly  harm- 
less to  fibers.  The  compounds  are  readily  soluble;  therefore,  it 
imparts  no  harshness  to  the  cloth. 
— NATIONAL  LAUNDRY  MACHINERY  Co.,  DAYTON,  OHIO. 

BLEACHING  LIQUOR.     Production  of  sodium  hypochlorite  by 
electrolysis  of   salt   solutions,   for  bleaching  purposes  of  all  kinds. 
For  bleachers,  laundries,  cotton  mills.     Estimates  on  request. 
— SIEMENS  &  HALSKE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

BLEACHING  POWDER.     Chloride  of  lime,  made  from  chlorine, 
produced  electrolytically. 

— ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  Co.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 
— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  AND  NIAGARA  FALLS, 

N.  Y. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

BLOCKS,  CUPOLA. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 


BLOWERS.  Monarch  Rotary  Low-Pressure.  Constructed  ca- 
pacities up  to  350  cubic  feet  of  free  air  per  minute,  economical,  re- 
quire little  horsepower.  A  good  suitable  article  that  is  well  made, 
guaranteed  free  from  imperfections  and  of  superior  workmanship. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

BLOWERS,  Fans.     Positive  pressure  blowers. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

BLOWERS.  Positive  pressure  blowers  for  handling  air  or  gas 
up  to  10  Ibs.  pressure.  Belt  or  motor  driven.  Capacities  from  50 
to  1,000  cu.  ft.  per  minute.  Suitable  for  air  blast  for  furnaces  using 
oil  or  gas  fuel,  sand  blasts,  exhausting  gas  from  gas  producers,  etc. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

BLOWERS.  Piqua  positive;  also  exhausters;  also  called  rotary, 
air  or  gas  pumps.  For  maintaining  either  pressure  or  vacuum  up  to 
8  pounds  per  square  inch.  The  smallest  size  has  a  capacity  to  de- 
liver 5  cu.  ft.,  medium  size  15,000  cu.  ft.,  special  sizes  up  to  50,000 
cubic  feet  per  minute.  Belt,  electric,  motor,  or  engine-driven. 
Best  and  most  economical  for  gold-copper  and  silver-lead  smelters; 
gray-iron  cupola  furnaces;  side  blow  steel  converters,  and  all  kinds 
of  furnaces  fired  by  coal,  coke,  gas  or  oil.  Also  for  cooling,  purify- 


Port  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  15 

ing,  agitating  or  evaporating  liquids,  etc.  Used  with  gas  generators 
or  producers  also  as  gas  boosters,  etc.  Two  impellers  exact  dupli- 
cates. Doing  equal  work.  No  contact  of  internal  parts.  No  heat- 
ing. No  friction.  Self -oiling.  Adjustable.  Rugged  and  simple. 
Catalog  M-10. 
— THE  PIQUA  BLOWER  COMPANY,  PIQUA,  OHIO. 

BLOWERS,    (LEAD   STEAM-JET,)    AND   VENTILATORS.     For 

moving  gases,  etc.  in  chemical  and  allied  industries.  These  blowers 
and  ventilators  are  constructed  on  the  order  of  an  injector,  that  is, 
with  a  nozzle  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  air  great  velocity  with  a 
minimum  steam  pressure.  They  occupy  little  space  in  comparison 
to  capacity  in  cubic  feet  of  air  moved  per  hour,  viz.:  Capacity 
60,000,  dimensions  52f  *  high  x  13£"  wide.  Standard  sizes  are,  8,000, 
16,000,  30,000,  60,000,  and  120,000  cu.  ft.  per  hour.  To  give 
strength  and  wear  to  the  steam  nozzle,  the  nozzle  is  lined  with 
platinum  or  other  desirable  material  to  suit  requirements. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BLOWERS,  ROTARY  LEAD  FAN.  Especially  designed  and 
constructed  for  the  chemical  industry,  and  may  be  placed  between 
the  Glover  tower  and  the  first  chamber,  or  between  two  Gay-Lussac 
towers,  or  at  the  end  of  the  system.  The  body  of  the  fan  is  con- 
structed entirely  of  hard  lead;  the  shaft  being  lead  covered.  The 
construction  is  so  that  discharge  may  be  had  in  any  of  four  direc- 
tions— vertically,  top  or  bottom,  and  horizontally  in  either  direc- 
tion; may  be  belt  or  motor  driven  as  desired;  operated  at  high  or 
low  speed,  and  is  provided  with  self -oiling  devices.  Result:  Con- 
tinuous draft,  increased  production,  economic  operation.  Built 
in  eight  sizes,  with  output  of  730  to  6,800  cu.  ft.  per  minute. 
Catalog  LL-4. 
—SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BLOWING  ENGINES. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

BLOWPIPE,  OXY-ACETYLENE.  See  Welding,  Oxy-acetylene, 
and  cutting,  Oxy-acetylene. 

BLOWPIPE,   OXY-HYDROGEN.     See  Welding,     Oxy-hydrogen. 

BOILERS,  STEAM  (DOPP).  The  Cookers,  also  called  Caldron 
furnaces,  are  provided  with  fire  box,  grate  and  smoke  stack  and  are 
used  for  heating,  also  evaporating,  concentrating  where  steam  is 
not  available.  The  small  boilers  are  designed  for  low  pressure 
steam  to  be  used  for  heating  steam- jacketed  kettles  or  vacuum 
pans  or  for  any  other  purpose,  for  canning,  preserving,  cooking  hams 
and  making  sausage,  boiling  spray  for  insecticide.  A  licensed  engi- 
neer is  not  required  to  operate  these  boilers,  as  only  low  pressure 
steam  is  generated.  At  the  same  time  they  are  perfectly  safe,  being 


16          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

tested  to  one  hundred  pounds  per  square  inch  of  hydrostatic  pres- 
sure. 
— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

BOILER    COMPOUND.      Tri-sodium    phosphate    for     softening 
water.     Removes  scales  and  prevents  incrustations  in  boilers. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

BOILER  SETTING  BRICK.     See  Brick,  Boiler  Setting. 

BOILER  TILE. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

BOILING  TUBES.     Heating  Coils  of  stone-ware. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

BOILING  VESSELS  for  the  manufacture  of  picric  acid  of  acknowl- 
edged quality  and  greatest  durability.    Covers  arranged  for  hydraulic 
seal  or  ground  on. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

BOOKS.     Reports,   Transactions,    Proceedings    and    Year    Books 
of  the  different  chemical,  mining,  electrical,  civil  engineering,    etc., 
societies   supplied    promptly    and    at   moderate    rates.     Any  U.  S. 
Government  Report  or  Bulletin  furnished  at  short  notice. 
— A.  W.  CASTELLANOS,  JERSEY  CITY,  N.  J. 

BOOKS.  PUBLISHERS  AND  BOOKSELLERS.  All  scientific, 
engineering  and  technical  books  of  nil  publishers.  The  largest 
distributors  of  engineering  books  of  all  classes  in  the  country. 
Electrochemical,  chemical,  mining,  metallurgical,  electrical,  civil, 
mechanical  and  all  other  lines  carried  in  stock.  The  book  depart- 
ment of  the  following  standard  technical  journals:  American 
Machinist,  Electric  Railway  Journal,  Electrical  World,  Engineering 
and  Mining  Journal,  Engineering  Record,  Power  and  The  Engineer, 
Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering.  All  publications  of  the 
McGraw-Hill  Book  Company  are  "  net  "  and  not  subject  to  discount. 
On  books  that  are  subject  to  discount  the  maximum  discounts  ar* 
always  given.  Special  pains  taken  in  the  recommendation  of  books 
for  any  problem.  Importers  of  foreign  books  as  well. 
— McGRAW-HiLL  BOOK  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

BOTTLES.     Of  hard  rubber  for  acids,  etc. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

BOTTLES  for  storing  distilled  water,  round  or  rectangular   form 
of  acid  proof  stoneware. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 


\ 
Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  17 


BRASS  FURNACE  LININGS.     See  Linings. 
BRAZING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  Brazing. 

BRICK.     ACID  PROOF. 

— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Acid-proof.     Vitrified  chemical  rings  for  packing  acid  towers. 

— LACLEDE-CHRISTY  CLAY  PRODUCTS  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

Acid-proof  bricks  ranging  in  size  from  that  of  common  brick 

or  less,  to  tile  24"  x  40".     These  bricks  and  tiles  are  used  for  lining 
acid  tanks,  cooling  floors,  etc.,  etc.     Can  be  used  in  any  capacity 
requiring  acid-proof  brick  or  tile. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

Acid  proof  of  fused  silica.     (See  also  Quartz,  Fused  in  Part  II 

of  this  Dictionary). 

— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE,  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

BRICK,  BAUXITE.     A  refractory  for  steel  furnaces,  lead  refining 
furnaces,  lining  for  rotary  portland  cement  kilns.     See  article  by 
A.  J.  Aubrey,  Electrochem.  and  Met.  Industry,  Vol.  IV,  p.  52. 
— LACLEDE-CHRISTY  CLAY  PRODUCTS  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

BRICK,  BLAST  FURNACE. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

BRICK,  BOILER  DOOR  ARCHES. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

BRICK,  BOILER  SETTING. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BRICK,  CHEMICAL  WORKS. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

BRICK,  CHROME.  The  ideal  neutral  refractory  brick.  Practi- 
cally infusible  and  dense  in  structure.  Used  in  basic  and  open- 
hearth  steel  furnaces  (as  a  neutral  course  between  the  fire-clay  brick 
on  the  bottom  plates  and  the  magnesia  brick  forming  the  founda- 
tion for  the  hearth  or  furnace  bottom;  for  the  floors  of  ports  and 
the  facing  of  port  walls  and  backwalls  of  uptakes;  also  useful  for 
making  quick  repairs  in  furnace  at  working  heat,  as  they  are  not 
affected  by  sudden  changes  of  temperature) ;  in  soaking  pits  (six  or 
eight  courses  in  the  bottoms) ;  in  coal-fired  heating  furnaces  (along 
the  slag  line) ;  in  copper  smelting  and  refining  plants  in  the  bottom 
courses  and  around  the  tap  holes  of  blast  furnaces  and  in  lining 
settlers  (along  the  slag  line  and  around  the  tap  holes)  and  in  lining 


18         Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

converters  (next  to  the  shell);  in  lead  softening  and  refining  fur- 
naces and  many  special  furnaces;  also  in  rotary  cement  kilns. 

Chrome  brick  should  be  laid  in  finely  ground  chrome  ore  (with  the 
exception  of  the  lining  of  converters  next  to  the  shell,  where  they 
should  be  laid  in  magnesite  cement  instead  of  chrome  ore,  the 
former  sticking  well  to  iron  work).  Chrome  brick  expand  slightly 
at  high  temperatures.  They  should  not  be  subjected  to  excessive 
weight  when  hot. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BRICK,  COKE  OVEN. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

B  RICK,  FI REB  RICK.  For  all  purposes  of  the  chemical  and  metal- 
lurgical industries.  Highest-grade  fine-grind  and  hard-burn  fire 
brick  for  use  in  sulphite  digesters.  Rotary  cement  kiln  linings. 
Lime  kiln  linings.  Fire  brick  and  chrome  linings  for  nodulizing  kilns 
for  iron  ore  and  other  material.  Fire  brick  for  soda  ash  furnaces, 
salt  cake  and  other  chemical  furnaces.  Linings  for  pyrites  roasters. 
Chrome  and  fire  brick  linings  for  dolomite  calcining  kilns;  magnesia 
and  fire  brick  for  calcium  carbide  kilns;  highest-quality  fire-clay 
brick  for  brass  furnaces.  Fire,  silica,  and  quartzite  brick  for  all 
types  of  beehive,  by-product  and  Belgian  types  of  coke  ovens. 
Special  brick  for  boiler  settings.  Total  daily  capacity  of  all  works 
1,100,000  brick.  See  also  Chrome  Brick,  Magnesia  Brick,  Silica 
Brick. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

— Firebrick.     For  foundries  and  all  purposes.       Blast  furnace 
brick.     Brick  for  boiler  door  arches,  hot  blast  stoves,    coke   oven, 
etc.     Special  firebrick. 
— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

Firebrick.     Made  from  selected  clays  for  all  purposes. 

— LACLEDE  CHRISTY  CLAY  PRODUCTS  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

BRICK,  MAGNESIA.  The  ideal  basic  refractory  brick.  For  use 
in  basic  open-hearth  steel  furnaces  (where  a  number  of  courses  of 
magnesia  brick  are  used  in  making  the  foundation  for  the  bottom; 
in  building  the  sidewalks  to  a  height  of  about  1-5  inches  above  the 
bottom  of  the  charging  doors;  around  the  door  jambs  and  tapping 
holes,  and  to  face  the  furnace  blocks  as  a  protection  to  the  silica 
brick;  also  in  the  bulkheads  of  the  ports;  and  in  six  or  eight  courses 
of  magnesia  brick  as  the  top  courses  in  the  gas  checkers);  in  the 
construction  of  soaking  pits  (six  or  eight  bottom  courses);  in  metal 
mixers  (along  the  slag  line);  in  billet  and  bar  furnaces  running  on 
producer  or  natural  gas  (in  the  bottom  and  on  the  bridge  wall); 
in  copper  reverberatories  (in  the  bottom,  side  walls  and  on  the 
bridge  wall  to  take  the  splash  of  the  metal);  in  copper  converters 
(which  are,  next  to  the  shell,  lined  with  one  course  of  magnesia 
brick  laid  in  magnesite  cement) ;  in  special  types  of  furnaces,  such  as 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  19 

silver  slimes,  dross,  and  bullion  furnaces;  electrical  smelting,  heating 
welding,  and  melting  furnaces;  calcium  carbide  kilns,  etc.;  in  rotary 
cement  kilns  (in  the  burning  zone) .  Magnesia  brick  is  indispensable 
for  lining  electric  ferro-alloy  furnaces.  In  electric  steel  furnaces 
a  lining  of  magnesia  brick  permits  the  use  of  a  highly  basic  slag  to 
completely  desulphurize  the  metal.  In  chemical  industries  mag- 
nesia brick  is  indispensable,  wherever  the  best  basic  refractory  is 
required. 

Magnesia  brick  should  be  laid  in  magnesite  cement.  They  are 
very  good  conductors  of  heat,  and  where  this  heat  conductivity 
would  injure  the  plate  work  they  should  be  backed  up  with  some 
other  high-grade  material  which  is  a  poor  heat  conductor.  They 
expand  slightly  at  high  temperatures.  They  are  better  conductors 
of  electricity  than  porcelain  at  2,000  degrees  F.  or  over;  at  low  tem- 
peratures their  electrical  conductivity  is  less  than  porcelain.  The 
best  results  are  obtained  from  magnesia  brick  in  furnaces  where 
continuous  heats  are  used.  Great  variation  of  temperature,  ex- 
posure while  hot  to  currents  of  cold  air  or  to  contact  while  hot  with 
water  or  oil,  will  cause  them  to  shatter  and  spawl.  Magnesia 
brick  should  not  be  subjected  to  excessive  weight  when  hot. 
— HARBISON- WALKER  REFRACTORIES  COMPANY,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BRICK,  MAQNESITE. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

BRICK,  MILL 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

BRICK,  OPEN-HEARTH. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

BRICK.     SILICA  BRICK. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

Silica  Brick.     Of  highest  quality.     The  ganister  rock  used  in 

W.  Star,  our  East  Chicago  brand,  comes  from  the  Wisconsin  deposits. 
W.  Star  in  every  way  is  a  high-grade  silica  brick  for  open-hearth 
furnaces,  glass  furnaces,  or  for  any  purposes  where  the  best  silica 
brick  are  required.  20  standard  shapes,  other  shapes  made  to  order. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BRIQUETTING  PRESSES  AND  COMPRESSORS.     A  new  type  of 
continuous  acting  rotary  briquetting  press.     Used  largely  for  com- 
pressing small  cakes.     Can  be  furnished  for  briquetting  coal,  coke, 
etc. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BUCKETS.     Hard  rubber. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

BUCKETS.     Coal  and  ore  grab.     Automatic  shovel- tubs. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


20          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

BUFF,  TRIPLEX  FOR  ELECT ROPLATERS.  The  feature  is  the 
fold,  the  object  being  to  produce  a  cross-cutting  or  diagonal  surface 
on  the  cutting  face  of  the  buff,  the  buff  being  made  of  a  succession 
of  folds  so  formed  as  to  offer  a  greater  surface  to  the  work  and  at 
the  same  time  to  save  composition.  The  mesh  of  the  fabric  crossing 
prevents  the  material  pulling  out  or  fraying  on  the  working  edge. 
The  triplex  buff  uses  up  every  strand  of  thread  in  the  wheel.  When 
the  wheel  is  worn  down  to  say  7",  the  stubs  may  be  returned  and, 
at  a  nominal  cost,  remade  into  a  12"  wheel  of  approximately  double 
the  diameter  of  the  worn-down  wheel,  using  two  wheels  so  returned 
to  make  one  new  wheel.  In  this  way  the  user  has  one  and  one-half 
buffs  at  the  price  of  one.  The  triplex  buff  wears  at  least  twice  as 
long  as  the  ordinary  buff,  and  the  saving  of  composition  is  as  much 
as  20%. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

BUFFING  LATHE.     See  Lathe. 

BURNERS.  For  gasoline.  Highest  operating  efficiency  ob- 
tained by  this  design,  which  has  been  in  successful  use  for  30  years. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 

BURNERS.     Fuel  oil  or  gas.     For  miscellaneous  requirements; 
can  be  attached  to  various  retorts,  cupelling  furnaces,  or  used  for 
annealing  and  welding,  etc. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

BURNERS.  For  oil  or  gas.  Seven  different  styles — steam,  air 
or  combination.  All  parts  accessible,  all  interchangeable.  Simple, 
reliable,  powerful,  durable,  economical,  suitable  for  light  or  heavy 
oils.  More  in  use  than  all  others  combined.  Price  includes  valves 
and  unions  complete.  Catalog  3. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

BURNERS.     For  oil  or  gas.     Seven  different  styles — steam,  air 
or  combination.     All  parts  accessible,  all  interchangeable.     Simple, 
reliable,  powerful,  durable,  economical,  suitable  for  light  or  heavy 
oils. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

BURNERS.     For  welding.     See  Welding. 

BURNISHING  POTS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  various  sizes, 
with  and  without  handles. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

BUSHINGS.  Bushings,  Washers,  Discs  and  other  small  carbon 
articles  formerly  made  in  molds  can  frequently  be  far  more  economi- 
cally produced  by  machining  from  solid  Acheson-Graphite  rods. 
High  electrical  conductivity,  purity  (99%),  smoothness,  lubricating 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  21 

properties,  resistance  to  oxidation  and  disintegration,  and  non-arcing 
properties  are  important  considerations  in  this  connection. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
N.  Y. 

CABLE  PRESS.     See  Press,  Lead  Cable. 

CABLEWAYS. 

— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CADMIUM.     Metallic,  in  sticks.     Cadmium  sulphide. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

CALCIUM  CARBIDE.     Made  in  the  electric  furnace.     In  contact 
with  water,  it  develops  acetylene  gas. 
— UNION  CARBIDE  Co.,  CHICAGO  AND  NEW  YORK. 

CALCIUM  CHLORIDE.  For  refrigerating  purposes  and  for 
laying  of  dust  on  roads.  Solid  75%,  granulated  75%,  liquid  40 . 50% . 
— THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

CARBONS.  A  general  term  frequently  applied  to  electrodes  and 
terminals  of  carbon,  whether  of  the  graphitic  or  amorphous  variety. 
In  electrometallurgical  work  Acheson  graphite  carbons  allow  125 
to  250  amperes  per  square  inch.  Readily  threaded  for  connections 
and  for  joining  to  avoid  waste  ends.  Are  of  pure  graphite  through- 
out, hence  highly  resistant  to  disintegration.  Well  adapted  to  steel 
furnaces,  particularly  in  reducing  atmosphere.  Equally  applicable 
in  arc  or  resistance  furnace  work. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

CARBONS,  ARC  LAMPS.     A  large  assortment  of  sizes  in  several 
grades  for  open  and  enclosed  arcs,  flaming  arc,  moving-picture  ma- 
chines and  search-lights. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON  BISULPHIDE.  Shipped  in  drums.  Made  in  the  elec- 
tric furnace.  Special  goods  for  fine  uses.  Used  for  extracting  oil 
from  seeds,  wool,  bones,  etc.;  as  a  disinfectant;  as  an  exterminator 
of  insects  and  small  animals;  with  chloride  of  sulphur  for  vulcanizing 
india  rubber,  etc.  Detailed  information  on  request. 
— E.  R.  TAYLOR,  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y. 

CARBON  BRUSHES.  For  generators,  motors,  dynamos  of  all 
sizes,  forms  and  styles  of  manufacture — in  plain  form  or  with  any 
style  of  connection.  We  can  supply  particular  grades  with  reference 
to  conductivity,  abrasiveness,  lubrication,  long  life  and  other  special 
features,  when  given  specifications  and  operating  conditions.  Our 
leading  brands  are  Partridge,  Columbia  and  Laclede. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


22          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CARBON  ELECTRODES,  AMORPHOUS.  Especially  made  for 
efficiency  and  long  life.  We  have  been  supplying  these  for  electric 
furnaces  for  the  manufacture  of  aluminium,  ferro-alloys,  electric 
steel  smelting,  and  the  manufacture  of  metallic  sodium  and  caustic 
soda.  The  above  classes  of  service  only  constitute  a  small  portion 
of  the  possibilities  of  uses  for  which  our  high  grade  electrodes  are 
used.  We  can  supply  these  carbons  in  any  size,  graphitized  or  not, 
as  the  service  requires. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON   ELECTRODES,   AMORPHOUS.     Of  best  quality  and 
particularly  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  dry  cells.     There  is  also 
a  large  demand  for  special  electrodes  used  in  connection  with  wet 
cell  work. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON  ELECTRODES,  AMORPHOUS.   (Girod)  of  great  strength 
and  durability.     For  electric  furnace  work,  like  steel  refining. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CARBON   FLOUR.     A  complete  assortment  of  carbon  flour  of 
first-class  quality  and  in  any  standard   size.     Adapted   to   many 
uses,   among  which  may  be  named: — Packing  incandescent  lamp 
filaments  for  baking  and  in  the  manufacture  of  dry  batteries. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON,  GLOBULAR.     For  telephone  work  and  various  forms 
of  experimental  work,  in  practically  any  desired  screen  sizes. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON,  GRANULAR.  A  high  grade  of  granular  carbon  in  any 
degree  of  fineness,  especially  adapted  for  special  classes  of  resistors 
and  in  connection  with  rheostats.  A  great  many  experimental 
laboratories  construct  their  rheostats  so  as  to  use  granular  carbon 
instead  of  a  mechanical  rheostat,  as  it  gives  better  control  over  the 
current. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON  PACKING  RINGS  FOR  STEAM  TURBINES.     We  can 

turn  out  the  segments  in  any  size,  upon  receipt  of  specifications 
and  can  assure  accuracy  of  the  highest  degree.  They  are  smooth 
in  the  bearings  and  form  a  perfect  steam-tight  packing.  Their  life 
is  exceedingly  long,  as  they  wear  very  slowly.  By  the  use  of  our 
carbon  segments  a  saving  of  fuel  will  be  realized  as  well  as  a  per- 
ceptible decrease  in  lost  power  and  a  reduction  in  the  depreciation 
of  machines. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON  RESISTORS.     Of  many  varieties  and  of  good  qualities. 
We  can  supply  practically  all  sizes  and  lengths  in  such   forms  as 


Part  7.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  23 

strips,   rods,   discs,  etc.,   used  in  connection  with  electric  furnace 

work. 

— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON  SPECIALTIES,  AMORPHOUS.  Upon  receipt  of  specifica- 
tions we  are  prepared  to  furnish  the  highest  grade  of  carbon  products 
of  any  nature.  Among  our  specialties  are  muffles  for  electric  fur- 
naces, carbon  plates,  rods,  bricks,  sticks,  small  tubes,  discs  for  re- 
sistors, contacts,  and  carbon  molded  into  special  shapes. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBON  TUBES.  A  complete  assortment  of  diameters,  wall 
thicknesses  and  lengths  for  all  classes  of  service.  The  largest  por- 
tion of  our  tube  products  are  used  in  making  electric  furnaces  for 
electrically  baking  or  metallizing  incandescent  lamp  filaments. 
Also  tubes  for  resistors.  Also  used  in  connection  with  electric 
furnaces  for  the  insertion  of  pyrometers,  or  the  conduction  of  gases 
etc.  Large  stock,  and  every  facility  for  making  special  tubes 
according  to  specifications. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CARBONIZING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  Carbonizing. 

CARBORUNDUM.  A  chemical  compound  of  carbon  and  silicon, 
having  the  formula  SiC  (silicon  carbide).  It  is  made  in  the  electric 
furnace  from  coke  and  sand  and  contains  70%  of  silicon  and  30% 
of  carbon,  with  negligible  amounts  of  iron  and  aluminium.  Specific 
gravity  3.12.  Specific  heat  .185.  Hardness  between  9.5  and  10. 
It  is  the  hardest  of  all  known  materials  except  the  diamond.  It  is 
infusible  at  all  temperatures  except  those  of  the  electric  furnace  and 
decomposes  at  about  2250°  C.  It  is  insoluble  in  all  acids,  but  is 
dissolved  in  fused  alkalies.  Its  principal  use  is  as  an  abrasive  in 
the  manufacture  of  grinding  wheels  and  sharpening  stones.  Car- 
borundum is  also  widely  used  as  a  refractory  material  and  as  a 
substitute  for  ferro-silicon  in  the  manufacture  of  steel,  and  the 
grade  for  this  purpose  contains  62%  silicon,  35%  carbon  and  3% 
iron  and  aluminium.  It  is  added  directly  to  the  ladle  and  is  a 
powerful  deoxidizing  agent. 
-—CARBORUNDUM  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

CARBORUNDUM  FIRE  SAND.  Also  called  amorphous  car- 
borundum, made  in  the  outer  zone  of  the  carborundum  furnace. 
A  greenish  granular  material  having  a  specific  gravity  of  about 
2.9.  It  is  widely  used  as  a  refractory,  especially  in  oil  burning 
furnaces.  The  mixture  commonly  used  is  carborundum  fire  sand 
70%,  ground  fire  clay  15%,  silicate  of  soda  (52°  Beaume)  8%  and 
water  7%.  This  mixture  weighs  about  85  pounds  per  cu.  ft.  and  is 
used  in  crucible  brass  furnaces  and  oil  burning  furnaces  for  melting 
brass. 
— CARBORUNDUM  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Yk 


24          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CARBOYS.     With  plain  or  screw  stoppers,  all  made  of  acid-proof 
stoneware. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK.. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CASE  HARDENING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Case  Hardening. 

CASTINGS  (miscellaneous)  for  iron  and  steel  works. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CASTINGS.     For  blast  furnaces,  hot-blast  stoves,  steel  works,  etc. 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CASTINGS,  AIR  FURNACE  IRON.  This  iron  is  used  for  the  finest 
castings.  The  sulphur  is  very  low.  The  lower  graphite  carbon 
makes  a  dense,  fine  grained  iron  of  great  strength.  This  iron  is 
especially  adapted  for  high-pressure  cylinders  and  pumps  and 
ammonia  compressors.  This  metal  has  great  wearing  power,  with 
considerable  ductility.  The  chemical  composition  can  be  regulated 
to  produce  metal  of  any  degree  of  hardness  or  chill. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CASTINGS,  CHEMICAL.  Specially  designed  to  resist  the  action 
of  various  acids,  such  as  nitric  acid  retorts,  muriatic  acid  pans, 
acetic  acid  stills,  sulphuric  acid  stills,  sulphuric  acid  evaporating 
pans,  nitre  hogs,  acid  lifts,  also  a  specialty  of  castings  made  from 
blue  prints  furnished  by  designers,  engineers  and  superintendents  of 
plants.  Plans  or  estimates  furnished  for  complete  acid  and  chemical 
plants. 
— BETHLEHEM  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  SOUTH  BETHLEHEM,  PA. 

CASTINGS,  CHEMICAL.  Made  from  the  purest  iron,  with  addi- 
tions necessary  to  make  the  iron  resist  the  action  of  corrosive  chemi- 
cals. Special  methods  of  moulding  are  introduced  to  insure  the 
longest  life  to  the  casting  under  working  conditions.  All  mixtures 
are  made  up  from  a  chemical  basis.  Chemical  castings  made  by  this 
Company  have  in  many  cases  greatly  reduced  the  casting  cost  to 
customers,  on  account  of  the  longer  life  they  are  able  to  obtain  from 
their  use. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CASTINGS,  GREY  IRON.  Heavy  castings  are  made  of  the  best 
quality  of  pig  iron  and  scrap.  The  metal  is  designed  for  the  softest, 
easily  machined  casting  and  also  for  varying  grades  of  harder,  close 
grained  iron  up  to  mottled  or  white  iron.  The  chemical  composi- 
tion of  each  grade  is  carefully  determined.  The  foundry  is  equipped 
with  travelling  cranes  of  great  capacity  so  that  castings  of  200 
tons  weight  may  be  handled  with  ease.  All  fuels,  fluxes  and  pig 
iron  used  in  the  manufacture  are  tested  and  the  products  of  the 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  25 

foundry  are  rigidly  inspected.     Breaking  tests  of  the  various  grades 

of  iron  are  made  on  a  powerful  testing  machine. 

— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CASTINGS,  SEMI-STEEL.  Made  by  melting  soft  steel  with  pig 
iron  and  scrap.  It  may  contain  small  or  large  amounts  of  steel 
according  to  the  demands  made  upon  the  metal.  It  has  taken  the 
place  of  the  highest  priced  charcoal  iron  for  most  work.  It  will 
give  a  tensile  strength  of  30,000  to  40,000  Ibs.  per  square  inch.  On 
a  transverse  strain  it  shows  a  good  deflection,  indicating  toughness. 
It  resists  abrasion  and  shock,  and  is  used  for  grinding  machinery, 
rollers,  etc. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CAST  IRON  ENAMELED.     See  Enameled  Ware. 
CASTNER-KELLNER  CELL.     See  Cells,  Electrolytic. 
CAUSTIC  POTS.     See  evaporating  pots. 

CAUSTIC  SODA.     Liquid  and  fused.     (See  Cells,  electrolytic). 
— ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  Co.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 
— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 
— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

CAUSTIC  SODA  EVAPORATORS. 

— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL.     (Formerly  American 

Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 
(Other  manufacturers  of  evaporators  see  under  Evaporators.) 

CAUSTICIZINQ    APPARATUS    ON    PRESSURE    SYSTEM.     By 

causing  the  reaction  to  occur  under  pressure  and  at  high  tempera- 
ture, it  is  completed  very  quickly,  producing  a  concentrated  solution 
with  high  yield  of  caustic.  This  system  effects  a  great  saving  in. 
coal,  labor,  time,  and  floor  space.  The  sludge  filters  are  fitted  with 
adjustable  agitators,  yielding  a  clear  liquor,  and  permitting  quick 
and  efficient  washing  with  very  small  loss  of  caustic  and  little  ex- 
penditure of  labor.  Owing  to  the  greatly  reduced  amount  of  evapora- 
tion necessary  in  this  system,  the  capacity  of  existing  plants  can  be 
greatly  increased  by  its  substitution  for  causticizers  working  at 
atmospheric  pressure. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CELLS,  ELECTROLYTIC.  For  alkali  chloride  electrolysis  for 
the  production  of  chlorine  (for  bleaching  powder  and  other  purposes)  and 
caustic  soda  or  potash  from  common  salt  (sodium  chloride)  or  potassium 
chloride  respectively. 

Castner-Kellner  Cell.     Mercury  Cathode.    Description  in  Electro- 
chemical Industry,  Vol.  1,  p.  12. 
— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


26          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Townsend    Cell.     A    diaphragm    cell.     Descriptions    in    Electro- 
chemical and  Metallurgical  Industry,  Vol.  V,  p.  209,  301,  and  Vol. 
VII.,  page  313. 
— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Another  diaphragm  cell. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CELLS,  ELECTROLYTIC.  For  the  electrolytic  production  of 
bleaching  liquor  (hypochlorite)  from  common  salt  solutions.  (See 
also  Bleaching  Liquor.) 

— NATIONAL  LAUNDRY  MACHINERY  Co.,  DAYTON,  OHIO. 
— SIEMENS  &  HALSKE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CELLS,  LEACHING.  (Also  called  "Diffusion  Batteries"). 
For  the  lixivation  of  black  ash,  alkaline  earths,  etc.,  and  for  the  ex- 
traction by  diffusion  process  of  sugar  from  sliced  beets  and  similar 
work.  Shells  of  cells  made  of  steel,  cast  iron  or  copper,  with  lining 
of  lead  or  cement  when  necessary.  Automatic  feed  if  desired.  Dis- 
charge through  drop-bottom,  cone  or  swinging-side-door;  also 
through  swinging  bottom  with  hydraulic  closure.  Cells  propor- 
tioned to  suit  the  material  handled.  Batteries  arranged  in  single 
or  double-line  or  in  circuit. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CELLS,  LEACHING.     See  also  Diffusion  batteries. 
CEMENT-KILN  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

CENTRIFUGAL  MACHINES.  For  separation  of  liquids  from 
solids  by  centrifugal  force.  See  description  in  the  second  part  of 
this  dictionary,  on  Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supply. 
— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

CENTRIFUGALS,  NITRATING.  Of  the  firm  of  Selwig  &  Lange 
of  Brunswick,  Germany — purveyors  to  nearly  all  the  European 
continental  Governments,  many  foreign  governments  and  private 
factories  in  the  explosive  line;  recognized  to  be  the  most  efficient 
and  easiest  running  machines  constructed  heretofore.  Made  in 
different  sizes  up  to  a  capacity  of  20  kg. — 44  Ibs.  cotton  per  charge; 
especially  suited  for  powder  and  other  explosive  works.  Also 
centrifugals  adopted  to  meet  any  other  requirements. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

CHEMICAL  CASTINGS.     See  Castings,  Chemical. 

CHEMICALS.  "  Baker's  Analyzed  Chemicals."  Every  label 
shows  an  analysis,  and  our  guarantee  provides  that  the  contents  of 
each  bottle  will  conform  with  that  analysis.  Price  lists  on  request. 
— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  27 

CHEMICALS.     Chemically    pure   ammonium   hydrate,    chemical 
salts,  and  reagents.     Full  particulars  and  prices  on  request. 
— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

CHEMICALS.  Most  complete  stock  of  tested  purity,  chemically 
pure,  and  pure  chemicals,  reagents  and  minerals  for  blowpipe  work. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

CHEMICALS.  Chemically  pure  ammonium  hydrate,  chemical 
salts,  and  reagents. 

— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OF  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CHEMICALS.     Chemically  pure  acids  and  aqua  ammonia.     Heavy 
chemicals  for  all  purposes.     Full  particulars  and  prices  on  request. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO.,  CHICAGO,  ILL., 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

•  I  CHEMICALS.     Manufacturers',  and  electroplaters'  chemicals. 
—HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  Co.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

CHEMICALS.     For  analytical,     pharmaceutical,     technical    and 
manufacturing  purposes. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

CHEMICALS.     "  Let  Merck  make  the  '  Blank  '  Test  for  you.     To 
that  end,  buy  Merck's  Blue  Label  Reagents." 
—MERCK  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK,  ST.  Louis,  RAHWAY,  N.  J. 

CHEMICALS.     Commercial  and  chemically  pure  acids  and  am- 
monia, liquid  carbonic  acid  gas,  electrolyte. 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CHEMICALS. 

— ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  Co.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOME  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

— GEORGE  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

• — FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

—PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CHEMICAL  MACHINERY.     For  saving  waste  solutions. 
— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  Co.,  CHICAGO,   ILL.,    (Formerly  American 
Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 


28          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CHLORIDE  OF  LIME.     See  Bleaching  powder. 

CHLORIDE  OF  ZINC.     Solution,  fused  and  granulated,  for  elec- 
trical and  other  purposes. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

CHLORIDE  OF  ZINC  in  fused,  granulated,  and  liquid  form. 
— SANDOVAL  ZINC  Co.,  EAST  ST.  Louis,  ILL. 

CHLORINATION    OF    ORES.     Chlorine    generated    from    brine 
in  electrolytic  cells.     Castner-Kellner  cell. 
— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  PALLS,  N.  Y. 

CHLORINATION  OF  ORES.     Townsend  Cell. 
— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Another  diaphragm  cell. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CHLORINATION  PLANTS.     For  gold  ores. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CHLORINE  and  chlorine  products.     Chlorine,  generated  by  the 
Townsend  cell,  for  the  chlorination  of  ores. 
— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CHLORINE  and  chlorine  products.     (See  also  Cells— electrolytic.) 
— ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  Co.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 
— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  PALLS,  N.  Y. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CHLORINE,  LIQUID.  Used  for  bleaching,  both  in  the  bleaching 
of  cottons,  linens,  and  any  vegetable  fibres,  as 'well  as  for  paper 
stock.  It  may  also  be  used  economically  and  satisfactorily  in  laun- 
dries, being  a  thorough  cleanser  and  powerful  disinfectant.  It  is 
used  largely  in  the  chemical  field;  for  the  process  of  detinning;  in  the 
manufacture  and  treatment  of  platinum;  as  well  as  in  the  refining 
and  smelting  and  separation  of  precious  metals.  It  has  also  been 
used  successfully  for  the  purification  of  city  water  supply.  It  is 
shipped  in  steel  cylinders  or  drums  of  approximately  100  Ibs.  each, 
under  pressure.  Its  flow  can  be  regulated  simply  by  turning  a  valve. 
It  does  not  deteriorate  by  standing,  as  being  under  pressure  all  air  is 
excluded  from  contact  with  it  until  it  is  released  by  the  turning  of 
the  valve. 
— ELECTRO  BLEACHING  GAS  Co.,  NEW  YORK  C.TY. 

CHLORINE,  LIQUID. 

— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  PALLS,  N.  Y. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  DETINNING  Co.,  NEW  YORK  ClTY. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  29 

CHLORINE  GENERATORS.     With  sieve  and  ground— on  cover 
made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  various  capacities.     Can  also  be 
furnished  with  water  lute  covers  if  desired. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK.. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CHLORINE  GENERATORS— STONEWARE.     For  production  of 
chlorine  by  action  of  acid  on  common  salt.     Furnished  in  various 
sizes,    complete    with    inner    stoneware    basket.     Made    from    best 
chemical  stoneware. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

CHLORINE  GENERATORS  of  the  well  known  form,  fully  able  to 
withstand  the  pressure  caused  by  the  development  of  gas.     They 
are  also  made  with  perforated  false  bottom  acid  and  steam  inlet 
pipes. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

CHROME  BRICK.     See  Brick,  Chrome. 

CHROME  CEMENT. 

— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CHROME  ORE.     See  Ore,  Chrome. 

CHROMIUM.     Metallic,  free  from  carbon.     Also  chrome  ore. 
— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

CHROMIUM,  METALLIC.  Registered  trade-mark  "  Thermit;" 
free  from  carbon,  made  by  the  aluminothermic  method.  As  it  con- 
tains no  carbon  and  is  of  very  high  and  uniform  quality,  it  offers 
many  advantages  over  ferro-chrome  for  alloying  with  steel  and 
avoids  the  possibility  of  those  unexpected  fusions  which  frequently 
occur  in  using  the  latter,  due  to  irregularities  in  the  carbon  content. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CHROMIUM.     Fused,  98.99%  pure,  carbonless. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  Nsw  YORK. 

CLASSIFIERS.     Spitzkristen,  cone  sizers.     The  Akins  mechanical 
classifier.     For  sizing  crushed  ore  for  concentration,  separation  of 
sand  and  slime  for  cyanidation  and  dewatering  sands. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CLASSIFIERS,     HYDRAULIC.     Richards    Vortex.     Embodying 
many  improvements  and  representing  the  latest  design. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

CLASSIFIERS.     Hydraulic  and  Mechanical. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 


30          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CLAY. 

— ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  Kv. 

"  CLIMAX  "  WIRE.     See  Wire. 

COAL  CAR  DUMPING  MACHINES. 

— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

COAL  HANDLING,  storage  and  rehandling  machinery. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

COAL  JIGS.     Diescher  Patent  Coal  Jig. 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

COAL  WASHER.  Scaife  patent  automatic  trough  washer. 
Coal  can  be  treated  in  either  dust,  slack,  nut  or  small  lumps  and  the 
slate,  dirt,  etc.,  removed,  about  75  tons  of  raw  coal  being  treated  in 
10  hours  in  a  single  trough.  This  requires  from  1  to  2  horse-power. 
Anthracite  culm  and  breeze-coke  can  be  successfully  treated.  Hav- 
ing no  screen,  the  washer  is  unaffected  by  considerable  quantities  of 
fire  clay,  slate,  pieces  of  iron  or  other  large  and  heavy  materials. 
See  also  under  "  Washer." 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

COBALT.     Oxide. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

COCKS.     Hard  rubber. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

COCKS.     Of  all  descriptions,  and  sizes,  both  armored  and  plain, 
made  of  acid-proof  stoneware. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

COCKS,  STONEWARE.  Absolutely  non-corrosive,  for  use  with 
nitric,  muriatic  and  sulphuric  acids,  chlorinated  brine,  alkalies,  etc., 
of  any  strength.  Carefully  tested  under  pressure  before  shipment 
and  warranted  tight.  Adapted  to  lead  pipe,  cement,  hose,  metal 
flange  or  ground  stoneware  joints.  Twelve  sizes  made  in  thirteen 
different  styles. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

COCKS— STONEWARE  BLOCK  COCKS.     These  are  for  use  in 

connection  with  acid  pipe  lines,  for  handling  muriatic,  nitric  and 
sulphuric  acids,  chlorinated  brine,  and  other  corrosive  liquids.  Are 
intended  for  clamping  between  metal  or  other  flanges  without  lead 
burning.  The  stoneware  block  cocks  are  provided  on  each  side  with 
grooves  for  one  or  two  bolts,  passing  the  cock,  and  entering  flange  on 
each  side,  a  gasket  usually  being  placed  between.  The  strongest 
form  of  stoneware  faucet  made.  (See  illustration  in  Metallurgical 
and  Chemical  Engineering  Feb.  1910  adv.  page  28). 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  31 

COCKS,  STOP.     Of  stoneware,  of  every  description,  made  in  sizes 
of  J-8'  bore.     Plugs  ground  in  absolutely  tight  and  every  cock   is 
tested  before  delivery  by  means  of  a  compressed  air  pump;  also 
provided  with  iron  armature  or  protected  by  iron  or  lead  mantles. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

COCKS,  STONEWARE.  These  faucets  are  made  of  specially  pre- 
pared clay  and  are  used  where  it  is  necessary  for  the  faucet  to  be  acid- 
proof.  They  are  made  in  several  different  patterns,  straightway — 
bibb — two-way — block  and  other  styles,  plain  or  threaded,  as  may 
be  required,  ranging  from  £  to  3  inches  in  size. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

COILS,  COOLING.     Worms  of  stoneware  of  greatest  possible  dura- 
bility,   very  suitable  for  all  distillations;   also  for  working  under 
vacuum. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

COILS.     FUSED  SILICA.     Up  to  U"  bore,  and  50  ft.    long,    for 
volatile   acids   and    pure   products.      Entirely   free   from   breakage 
through  temperature  changes.       (See  also  Quartz,    fused  in  part  II 
of  this   Dictionary.) 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK,. 

COILS,  HEATING  AND  COOLING,  COPPER.  Made  from  seam- 
less copper,  brass,  iron,  steel  or  block- tin  tubing;  can  be  furnished 
with  flanged,  brazed  or  welded  joints.  For  some  purposes  welded 
joints  are  preferable,  thus  avoiding  any  electrolytic  action  and  pack- 
ing of  flanges  or  hard  or  soft  solder. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

COILS,    HEATING,    COOLING.      Acid-proof    stoneware    cooling 
worms  system  Dr.  Plath  for  condensing  nitric  and  acetic  acids,  dis- 
tilling organic  acids,  distilling  by  vacuum,  heating  or  cooling  acids, 
etc.     All  coils  carried  on  an  acid-proof  stoneware  frame. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

COILS,  STONEWARE.     For  use  in  condensation  of  nitric  acid, 
fine  pharmaceutical  products,  etc.     Made  of  best  acid  proof  stone- 
ware.    Carried  in  stock  and  made  to  order  in  various  sizes. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

COLD  GALVANIZING.     See  Electrogalvanizing. 

COMPRESSORS  AND   EXHAUSTERS.     (See   "  Exhausters  and 
Compressors.") 

CONCENTRATION.     Magnetic.     See  Magnetic  Separators. 


32          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CONCENTRATION  MACHINERY.  Bartlett  Simplex  Concentra- 
tor, most  improved  design.  A.  &  E.  Slime  Concentrator.  Frue 
Vanners,  Jigs.  Also  all  other  machinery  for  concentration  of  ores. 
See  our  catalog  on  Concentration  Mills  and  Machinery,  containing 
useful  information  and  practical  data  regarding  the  treatment  of 
ores  by  concentration. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CONCENTRATION  OF  SULHPURIC  ACID.  See  Sulphuric 
Concentration,  Kessler. 

CONCENTRATOR,  HIGH.  MANTIUS.  Carries  the  concentra- 
tion of  any  liquor  as  delivered  by  the  multiple  effect,  to  a  very  high 
density  under  high  vacuum  with  ordinary  boiler  pressure.  Caustic 
soda  is  finished  in  it  to  upwards  of  1.8  specific  gravity  (solidifies 
after  discharging) ,  saving  half  the  fuel,  labor,  and  equipment,  neces- 
sary where  the  finishing  is  done  in  pots  only.  Capacity  of  present 
finishing  equipment  can  thus  be  doubled.  Materials  of  construction 
especially  adapted  to  liquor  concentrated.  Heating  surface  so 
arranged  that  a  rapid  circulation  is  maintained  up  to  the  point  of 
highest  concentration.  This  apparatus  is  an  improvement  on  the 
best  German  practice. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CONCENTRATOR.     OVERSTROM.     A  diagonal  table,  the  table 
top  being  placed  diagonal  to   the  line  of  reciprocation.     See  de- 
scription in  Electrochem.  and  Met.  Ind.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  318  (1905). 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

CONCENTRATOR.     Scaife     patent     automatic     trough    washer. 
For   economically   cleaning   and    concentrating    gold,    silver,    lead, 
manganese  and  other  ores,  especially  where  ores  of  low  grade  are 
handled  in  large  quantities.     See  also  under  "  Washer." 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CONDENSERS.  A  device  for  condensing  of  vapors  and  various 
materials.  If  desired,  materials  may  be  reclaimed  in  the  condenser. 
They  are  of  the  surface  and  injection  type.  The  surface  condenser  does 
not  mix  the  cooling  water  with  the  vapors,  the  injection  condenser  does. 

Surface  Condensers  of  any  capacity  for  reclaiming  material 
if  desired.  The  amount  of  condensation  may  also  be  noted  at  any 
time.  The  reclaiming  condensers  may  be  emptied  at  any  time  with- 
out in  any  way  affecting  the  operation  of  same.  They  may  be  used 
in  connection  with  vacuum  apparatus  or  under  atmospheric  pressure. 

Injection  Condensers  of  different  capacities  of  the  special  im- 
proved type  and  adjustable  water  supplies,  whereby  the  water  may 
be  reduced  the  exact  amount  necessary  to  condense  the  vapors. 
No  waste  of  cooling  water.  May  be  used  as  barometric  condenser, 
or  attached  direct  to  the  wet  vacuum  pump.  No  attention  re- 


Part  1.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  33 

quired   to   operate  them,    self-cleaning  and  easily  accessible  to  all. 

parts. 

— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CONDENSERS  JET  BAROMETRIC. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE. 

CONDENSERS,  SURFACE.  Our  surface  condensers  are  built  of 
any  size  desired  from  copper,  brass,  steel,  iron  or  block-tin  depending 
on  service  required.  Their  design  gives  the  highest  efficiency  possible 
for  cooling  water  supplied  and  renders  possible  the  cleaning  of 
cooling  surfaces  if  necessary. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CONDENSERS,  TUBULAR  AND  COIL.     In  standard  sizes  and  of 
various  materials  according  to  nature  of  condensate.     Special  atten- 
tion to  relation  between  length  and  diameter  of  tubes  with  result 
that  highest  efficiency  is  attained  with  minimum  surface. 
— WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CONDENSERS,  TUBULAR  surface,  with  brass,  tin  or  copper  tubes, 
The  tubes  are  held  in  the  tube  sheets  with  screw  ferrules  permitting 
expansion.  All  sizes  from  20  sq.  ft.  condensing  surface  upwards. 
Worm  condensers,  with  either  copper  or  block  tin  worms  mounted 
in  iron  or  wooden  tanks. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CONDENSER  LEBLANC  WESTINQHOUSE.  For  steam  turbines 
and  steam  engines.  The  Leblanc  condenser  is  of  the  counter-flow 
jet  type,  equipped  with  a  centrifugal  discharge  pipe  and  a  special 
form  of  centrifugal  air  pump  capable  of  handling  large  volumes 
of  air  and  maintaining  a  vacuum  corresponding  to  within  two  de- 
grees of  the  temperature  in  the  condenser. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  COMPANY,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CONDENSING    APPARATUS,    STONEWARE.     Chemical    stone- 
ware condensing  apparatus  of  all  sizes  for  any  system.     Receivers, 
coils,  stand  pipe,  towers,  etc.,  etc.     Special  patterns  of  any  kind  to 
customer's  order.     Ware  guaranteed  chemical  proof. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

CONDENSING  APPARATUS.     Fused  silica.     Built  up  condensers 
from  socket  pipes;  small  towers,  worms,  etc.     Made  of  pure  fused 
silica.     Entirely  acid  and  heat  proof. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

CONDENSING  JARS  OR  RECEIVERS  OF  STONEWARE.  Re- 
ceivers in  sizes  ranging  from  5  gals,  to  150  gals,  capacity.  Can  be 
made  with  pipe  connections  to  suit  purchaser.  With  or  without 
faucet  hole.  Faucets  can  be  supplied  and  ground  in  if  required. 
Sockets  are  necessary  in  order  to  properly  connect  the  pipes  or  bends. 


34          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  to  thoroughly  glaze  those  vessels  in  order 

to  make  them  acid-proof. 

— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

CONDENSING    PIPES    OF    STONEWARE.     Used    in    place    of 
receivers. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

CONDENSING    PIPES,    FUSED    SILICA.     All    sizes.     (See    also 
Quartz,  Fused  in  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

CONDENSING  TOWERS— STONEWARE.     In  all  sizes.     Made  of 
best  chemical  stoneware  guaranteed  acid  proof. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

CONDENSING  TOWERS  OF  STONEWARE  in  all  dimensions,  most 
effective  for  rapid  and  perfect  absorption,  condensation  and  reaction. 
Well  known  Guttmann  towers  with  hollow  balls;  recognized  as  the 
most  efficient  filling  material. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

CONDENSING  TOWERS  OF  STONEWARE.  These  towers  are  in 
sections,  and  of  various  sizes.  The  cylinders  range  from  12  x  24 
inches  to  36  x  36  inches,  as  may  be  required.  Five  pieces  usually 
constitute  a  tower  although  more  can  be  added  if  desired.  Per- 
forated plate  and  distributing  cover  are  necessary  to  complete  tower. 
Great  care  should  be  taken  in  setting  the  tower  in  position  so  that 
the  base  will  rest  firmly  and  evenly  on  a  solid  foundation. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

CONDENSING    VESSELS    OR    RECEIVERS    OF    STONEWARE. 

For  nitric,  muriatic  acid,  made  in  the  usual  pear  shape  or  cylindrical 
form.     New  condensing  or  absorbing  vessels  of  great  efficiency  for 
muriatic  acid  plants.     Dense  and   thin  material,   highly  resistant 
against  temperature. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

CONNECTING  PIPES.     Of  all  kinds  and  sizes  made  of  acid-proof 
stoneware. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

CONNECTING    PIPES,    BRANCHES,    ETC.,    OF  STONEWARE. 

Greatest  variety  of  pipes,  branches,  bends,  etc.     Pipes  can  be  made 

in  any  size  and  shape  required. 

— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CONNECTING    PIPES,    FUSED    SILICA.     All    sizes.     (See    also 
Quartz,  Fused  in  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  35 

CONNECTORS,  DOSSERT  WIRE  AND  CABLE.  A  method  of 
making  splices,  tap-offs  and  terminal  connections  without  using 
solder.  These  connectors  can  be  used  on  both  stranded  and  solid 
conductors.  A  skilled  mechanic  is  not  necessary;  any  ordinary 
workman  can  apply  them  in  a  few  minutes.  They  have  a  wider 
area  of  contact  than  any  other  mechanical  joint  and  are  electrically 
and  mechanically  perfect.  The  carrying  capacity  of  a  Dossert 
joint  when  subjected  to  the  action  of  a  fusing  current  considerably 
exceeds  that  of  the  cable.  Made  of  composition  metal  of  high 
conductivity,  strong  and  non-corrosive.  Melting  point  1210°  C 
(2200°  F).  In  making  a  joint  the  cable  end,  after  being  stripped  of 
the  insulation,  is  held  in  a  compression  sleeve  fitting  in  a  com- 
pression nut  which  is  screwed  up  tightly  on  the  nipple  part  of  the 
connector  or  terminal,  affording  perfect  contact  all  around  the 
outside  of  the  cable  and  having  a  minimum  tensile  strength  of  40% 
of  the  tensile  strength  of  the  cable  thus  jointed.  Especially  useful 
where  high  temperatures  prevail  as  in  furnace  leads,  connecting 
cables  to  electrodes,  electrolytic  and  electrometallurgical  operations. 
— DOSSERT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CONTACTS.  For  frequently  interrupting  electric  circuits, 
especially  where  the  current  is  of  some  magnitude,  carbon  contacts 
are  essential  to  economy.  Pure  graphite  has  been  proven  superior 
to  other  forms  of  carbon,  because  of  peculiar  non-arcing  properties, 
resistance  to  disintegration,  one-fourth  the  ohmic  resistance  of 
amorphous  carbon,  infusibility  and  freedom  from  condensation  of 
moisture  resulting  from  variations  in  temperature.  Easily  ma- 
chined and  may  be  threaded  into  holder.  Furnished  either  plain 
or  copper-plated  for  soldering.  Owing  to  low  resistance  can  be 
used  for  both  points  of  contact,  thus  avoiding  the  expensive  platinum. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
N.  Y. 

CONTROLLERS.     Westinghouse  automatic  controllers.     Electro- 
magnetic and  electro-pneumatic  switch  units,  controlled  by  master 
switch. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CONVERTER  BLOWER.     See  Blowers. 

CONVERTERS.     Copper. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CONVERTERS.     Westinghouse  rotary  converters.     For  electro- 
chemical and  electrolytic  purposes. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CONVEYING  MACHINERY.     For  mines  and  metallurgical  plants. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 


36          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CONVEYING  MACHINERY.  Overhead  mono-rail  electric  hoists 
for  handling  ores,  coal,  coke  and  other  materials  by  grab  buckets  or 
otherwise.  Their  specialty  is  in  the  line  of  heavy  and  substantial 
machines  for  the  most  severe  usage.  Complete  systems  including 
tracks  and  supports  when  wanted. 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

CONVEYING   MACHINERY.     For  coal,   ore,   etc.     Of  steel  con- 
struction to  secure  special  strength. 
— SCAIPE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

COOKERS,  STEAM.     See  Boilers. 

COOLERS,  DISC.     Patented,  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  put 
together  in  sections  having  an  unusually  high  cooling  capacity  for 
the  space  occupied.     Can  be  extended  or  reduced  at  any  time. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

COOLERS,   DISC.     Of  stoneware,  substitute  for  cooling  worms. 
Discs  are  exchangeable  and  easily  replaced  in  case  of  breakage. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

COOLERS,  LEAD.  Especially  designed  for  use  in  sulphurous  acid 
plants.  The  effect  of  absorbing  the  sulphurous  acid  gases  is  greatly 
facilitated  by  cooling  the  gases  down  as  much  as  possible.  This 
cooler  consists  of  a  number  of  lead  pipes  through  which  the  gases 
pass.  A  tank  surrounds  the  pipes  and  the  water  in  the  cooler  passoa 
up  and  down  in  counter  current  to  the  gases.  In  this  way  the 
coolest  water  comes  in  contact  with  the  coolest  gases,  thus  insuring 
a  proper  cooling  effect.  The  cooler  is  so  constructed  that  the  pipes, 
which  are  entirely  straight,  can  easily  be  cleaned  by  taking  off  the 
caps  on  top  and  bottom.  Catalog  SS-7. 

SCHUTTE  &   KOERTING  Co.,   PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 

COOLING  COILS.     See  Coils. 

COOLING  ELEMENTS.  System  Rabe,  made  of  acid-proof  stone- 
ware for  cooling  and  absorption  purposes;  these  elements  are  placed 
between  the  tower  sections  and  are  very  efficient.  The  cooling 
water  enters  and  leaves  these  cooling  elements  through  pipes  on  the 
side. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

COPPER.     For  manufacture  of  copper  wire,  castings  for  electrical 
and   other   purposes,    sheet   copper   for   roofing,     etc.     Alloys    for 
journal  bearings,  brass  castings,  etc. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

COPPER  ELECTROLYSIS.  Copper  is  recovered  from  solutions 
containing  iron  salts  by  electrolysis  with  a  moving  anode  in  a 
diaphragm  cell.  The  ferric  salt  produced  at  the  same  time  is  avail- 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  37 

able  as  a  solvent  of  copper  from  ores,  etc.     Write  for  details  of  tank 

construction,  licenses,  etc. 

— ANSON  G.  BETTS,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

COPPER  SULPHATE.     Bluestone. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
: — GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OF  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

COPPERAS.     See  Iron  sulphate. 

COPPERS  OR  BOILING  VESSELS.     With  flat  or  curved  bottom. 
Resist  temperature  exceedingly  well,   made  of  stone-ware  or  cast 
iron  enameled  ware. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 
(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CORE   OVENS,     MONARCH.     Adjusted   with   portable   shelves, 
heated  with  oil,   gas,  coal  or  coke,  automatic.     Can  pull  out  all 
shelves   singly  or  in   pairs;    size   2'  x  3'  x  6'   inside   measurements; 
Asbestos  lined;  weight  700  Ibs.  Prompt  shipments. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

CORE  OVENS.     For  iron  or  brass  foundries.     Large  sizes  with 
car  service  or  revolving  type  for  day  service. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

CORE  OVENS  for  baking  small  and  large  cores. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

CORKS.     Rubber  for  acids. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CORROSION-resisting  iron.     See  American  ingot  iron. 

CORUBIN,  a  new  abrasive  material  for  making  emery  wheels, 
emery  cloth  and  for  any  other  purpose  where  a  high  class  abrasive 
is  needed.  Corubin  is  a  by-product  formed  in  the  production  of 
pure  metallic  chromium  by  the  Thermit  process.  It  consists  of 
aluminum  oxide  with  traces  of  chromium  oxide  in  it.  Produced  in 
three  grades,  coarse,  medium  and  fine. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

COVERS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  all  manner  of  shapes  and 
sizes,  with  and  without  outlets. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CRABS  AND  WINCHES. 

— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


38          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CRANES,  Electric,  pneumatic  and  hand  power  traveling  cranes. 
Cantilever  and  gantry  cranes. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CRANES  "  Northern  ".  Electric,  pneumatic  and  hand  power 
travelling  cranes  and  jib  cranes.  Capacities  range  from  150  tons 
down  to  one  ton,  and  spans  and  lifts  are  made  to  suit  location. 
The  Northern  electric  travelling  crane  in  its  standard  type  E  con- 
struction has  a  trolley  with  gear  trains  collectively  enclosed  in  split 
gear  boxes,  so  designed  that  all  bearings  are  capped  and  bronze 
bushed,  and  can  use  bath  lubrication  for  gearing — making  a  silent 
protected  and  standard  machine  which  can  be  equally  well  operated 
by  direct-current  or  alternating-current  motors.  Also  many  other 
designs.  Catalog  No.  25. 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

CRANES. 

— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CREOSOTED  WOOD.  Conduits,  treated  by  Bethell  process.  We 
use  nothing  but  dead  oil  of  coal  tar.  Creosoted  cross-arms,  poles, 
paving  blocks,  railroad  ties,  protective  casings  for  gas  mains,  etc. 
— MICHIGAN  PIPE  Co.,  BAY  CITY,  MICH. 

CRITCHLOW  NESTS,  ATWOOD.  The  Critchlow  nest  furnishes 
a  means  of  grouping  valves  which  yields  a  great  saving  in  pipe, 
manifolds  and  space,  where  a  number  of  similar  small  cylinders  are 
to  be  operated  from  one  pulpit;  for  instance,  furnace  doors,  covers, 
etc.  Used  by  most  of  the  iron  and  steel  works. 
— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

CRUCIBLES.  For  high  temperature  work,  crucibles  machines 
from  pure  Acheson  graphite  rods  or  blocks  which  are  subjected 
during  manufacture  to  a  temperature  of  7500°  F.,  are  practically 
indispensable.  In  a  reducing  atmosphere  they  show  highest  effi- 
ciencies. Where  the  heat  is  generated  electrically  or  by  the  Gold- 
schmidt  process,  and  purity  of  the  treated  material  is  essential,  such 
crucibles  should  be  used.  Well  suited  for  assaying  and  for  melting 
the  precious  metals.  Ease  of  making,  inertness,  efficiency,  re- 
fractoriness, good  heat  conductivity  and  purity  (99%  Graphite) 
are  favorable  properties.  Graphite  tubes  for  the  introduction  or 
removal  of  gases  can  be  threaded  in. 

— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
N.  Y. 

CRUCIBLES  OF  CARBON.  Several  sizes  in  stock,  special  sizes 
supplied  on  demand.  Our  crucibles  are  especially  adapted  to 
baking  and  melting  various  substances  in  small  electric  furnaces; 
they  can,  however,  be  used  in  gas  furnaces,  where  the  temperature 
is  low,  say  not  exceeding  500°  C. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  39 

CRUSHING  of  fused  silica.     (See  also  Quartz,  fused  in  part  II 
of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THERMAL  SYNDICATE,  LTD.,  NEW  YORK.     * 

CRUCIBLES.     Of    Platinum.     See    platinum.     Part    II    of    Dic- 
tionary. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     BALL  MILLS. 

—Bali  Mills.     Also  forged  balls. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

— Ball  Mill,  Abbe.  The  Abbe  Ball  Mill  is  a  revolving  cylinder 
lined  with  steel  steps,  and  contains  a  charge  of  steel  balls.  This 
type  of  machine  is  used  extensively  for  grinding  all  kinds  of  ma- 
terials from  lump  size  down  to  10,  20,  30,  40,  50,  60,  70  or  80  mesh, 
etc.  It  is  the  best  machine  for  preparing  material  for  concentrating 
purposes  or  for  the  tube  mill.  The  mill  as  built  by  the  Abb£  Engi- 
neering Co.  is  very  simple,  compact  and  effective,  requires  no  high 
foundations,  as  it  is  fed  and  also  discharged  at  the  center.  The 
screening  chamber  is  separate  from  the  grinding  compartment, 
and  its  screening  capacity  is  ample  to  handle  all  the  material  ground. 
The  usual  type  of  ball  mill  generally  is  so  constructed  that  from 
25  to  40  per  cent  of  finished  material  is  returned  to  the  grinding 
chamber,  on  account  of  insufficient  screening  capacity.  The  dis- 
charge of  the  Abbe  Ball  Mill  is  made  in  the  form  of  a  spiral,  which 
delivers  the  finished  product  at  the  center  and  between  these  dis- 
charge spirals  is  the  screen,  also  in  the  form  of  a  spiral,  which  retains 
the  coarse  particles  only  and  delivers  them  back  into  the  mill  again 
to  be  reground,  by  means  of  a  conveyor  located  at  the  center,  which 
revolves  with  the  mill  and  requires  no  driving  mechanism. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Ball  Mills,  Hard  Porcelain  or  Gray  Earthenware.     For  hand 

or  machine  power.     Very  durable  and  answering  the  same  purpose 
as  the  genuine  porcelain  mills,  but  not  as  expensive  as  the  latter. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

— Ball  Mills,  Krupp,  Dry  Grinding— Continuous  Feed  and  Dis- 
charge. A  machine  designed  essentially  for  preliminary  grinding 
(2i"  down  to  10  mesh — 40  mesh)  of  all  classes  of  refractory  materials. 
It  may,  however,  be  adapted  for  considerably  finer  grinding.  It 
consists  of  a  cylindrical  grinding  drum  made  up  of  overlapping  special 
high  grade  cast  steel  plates  mounted  between  rolled  steel  side  walls, 
which  are  lined  with  special  cast  steel  plates.  A  charge  of  forged 
steel  balls  grind  the  material  fed  to  the  mill  as  it  is  revolved,  the 
ground  product  being  automatically  separated  so  that  all  coarse  ma- 
terial is  at  once  returned  to  the  mill  for  further  reduction.  This  mill 
is  fitted  with  an  easily  adjusted  automatic  feeder.  It  has  a  large 
capacity  with  low  power  and  repairs. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 


40          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

— Ball  Mill,  Krupp.  Wet  Grinding— Continuous  Feed  and  Dis- 
charge. This  mill  (Heberle  Patent)  is  a  modified  form  of  the  dry 
grinding  Ball  Mill,  but  it  is  designed  so  as  to  obviate  the  large  repair 
account  that  would  be  necessary  if  the  standard  form  of  dry  grinding 
ball  mill  were  operated  on  a  wet  basis.  The  general  mounting  is 
similar  to  the  dry  grinding  mill  but  the  grinding  plates  and  screens 
are  specially  designed  for  this  class  of  work. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

— Ball  Mill,    Krupp.     Enclosed-  Dry  and  Wet  Grinding.     The 

grinding  barrels  of  these  mills  are  of  cylindrical  or  ellipsoidal  form 
and  furnished  with  balls,  both  made  of  proper  material  for  dif- 
ferent classes  of  work.     These  mills  are  made  in  all  sizes  from  labora- 
tory size  up. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING   BREAKERS.     Pig  iron,   etc. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     CHILIAN  MILLS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     CONICAL  MILL.     HARDINGE. 

A  modification  of  the  ordinary  tube  mill.  Instead  of  a  long  cylinder, 
a  short  cylinder  with  conical  extensions  is  used,  so  there  are  dif- 
ferent peripheral  speeds  at  different  sections  of  the  mill.  There  is 
a  sizing  of  both  the  pebbles  and  the  particles  to  be  ground,  and  this 
results  in  a  very  low  consumption  of  power  and  a  very  uniform 
product.  Four  methods  of  adjustment  for  fine  grinding  or  coarse 
grinding,  for  sizing  while  grinding.  Requires  no  spare  parts  for 
repairs.  Of  strong  construction. 
— HARDINGE  CONICAL  MILL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  CONICAL  MILLS.  Abbe"  double 
conical  mill.  Wet  or  dry.  By  means  of  the  "  ideal  "  spiral  feed  the 
material  is  fed  to  the  center  of  the  mill  at  its  largest  diameter,  where 
the  largest  pebbles  are  and  the  greatest  grinding  act'on  takes  place, 
and  discharges  at  the  apexes  of  both  cones,  thus  giving  a  very  high 
efficiency  in  proportion  to  the  power  consumed.  The  coarse  material 
is  subjected  to  the  action  of  the  large  pebbles  immediately  upon  enter- 
ing the  mill  and  the  fine  particles  flow  in  both  directions  toward  the 
ends,  this  makes  the  reduction  swift  and  complete.  Capacity  ac- 
cording to  size,  from  50  to  250  tons  per  day. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  CRUSHER  MILLS,  DAY'S  LITTLE 
GIANT.     For  crushing  soft  ores,  clays,  gums  and  dry  colors.     It  is 
strong  and  simple  in  construction  and  has  a  capacity  of  one  to  three 
thousand  pounds  per  hour. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


Part  1.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  41 

— Crusher,  Fine.  A  machine  built  by  the  Abbe  Engineering 
Company  in  five  different  sizes,  from  laboratory  size  with  jaw  open- 
ing li  x  3f"  to  largest  size  having  jaw  opening  of  7  x  18".  Used  for 
crushing  down  to  4  mesh,  all  kinds  of  materials.  The  smaller  sizes 
also  reduce  as  fine  as  8  mesh,  and  are  therefore  especially  adapted  to 
preparing  material  that  is  to  be  ground  in  small  pebble  mills. 
— ABBE  EXGI.^EKRING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— Crushers,  Gyratory. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

- — Crushers,  Gyratory. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Crushers,  Hammer.  The  secret  of  fine  grinding  with  a  Ham- 
mer Crusher  lies  in  keeping  the  hammers  close  to  the  cage.  In 
"  Pennsylvania  "  crushers,  the  hammer  wear  is  compensated  for  by 
a  slight  turn  of  the  hand  wheel,  which  raises  the  cage  close  to  the 
hammers.  This  adjustment  is  quick  and  may  be  made  without 
shutting  down,  so  that  there  is  no  excuse  for  the  attendant  failing 
to  get  the  best  results  and  uniform  crushing  at  all  times.  This  patent 
cage  adjustment  accomplishes  in  ten  seconds  what  formerly  required 
two  to  four  hours.  Compare  this  for  practical  simplicity  with  other 
makes  of  wear  adjustment.  All-steel  frames,  forged  steel  shafts 
"ball  and  socket"  self -aligning  bearings,  steel  wear  liners,  big  man- 
holes, rolled-steel  hammer  discs,  6  and  8  rows  of  hammers,  giving 
tremendous  execution.  Especially  adapted  for  crushing  cement 
rock,  limestone,  shala,  coal,  gypsum,  clay,  brickbats,  che;r,icals, 
oyster  shells,  etc 
— PENNSYLVANIA  CRUSHER  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

Crushers,  Jaw. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

Crushers,  Jaw.     Blake  type  (for  reduction  to  Ifc-inch  size). 

Dodge  type  (for  reduction  to  a  much  smaller  size).     Also  sampling 

and  laboratory  crushers. 

— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

— Crushers,  Jaw.  Steel-plate  roll  jaw  fine  crushers.  Of  the 
same  construction  as  the  rock  and  ore  breakers  and  smashers  (see 
below  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Rock  Breakers)  with  small  motion  of 
the  jaws  at  the  botton,  and  a  rocking  jaw  action,  which  gives  the 
material  a  long,  rolling  crush,  therefore  a  fine  uniform  product. 
Their  range  of  output  is  from  £''  to  1",  and  they  are  built  in  sizes 
with  jaw  openings  from  2  x  6  to  7  x  72". 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Crushers,  Jaw  Rock.       Powerfully  built  for  brutal  service  and 

free  from  hot  boxes,   broken  shafts  and  other  common  troubles. 
Simple  in  design,  of  few  parts,  and  require  no  expert  for  repairs. 


42          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

They  are  thoroughly  reliable  under  trying  conditions.  The  main 
frame  is  open-hearth  steel,  the  shafts  are  high-grade  steel  forgings. 
Bearing  made  to  template,  are  kept  in  stock  by  operator  and  easily 
replaceable;  this  saves  lots  of  time  compared  with  old-fashioned 
babbitting  methods. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  CRUSHER  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 

Crushers,  Rotary.     For  chemicals,  coal,  limestone,  phosphate, 

shale,  gypsum,  paint,  ores,  clay,  lime,  oyster  shells,  etc.  On  account 
of  the  slow  speed  and  peculiar  design  of  the  crushing  surfaces,  the 
crushing  action  is  gradual  and  very  powerful,  while  the  severe 
shocks  found  in  crushing  rolls  are  avoided  and  the  crushed  product 
is  more  uniform.  Crushers  have  removable  wear  liners.  Reduce 
to  $  in.  and  finer.  Low  in  h.p.  and  repairs,  and  nearly  free  from 
flying  dust.  Built  in  capacities  2  to  200  tons  per  hour. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  CRUSHER  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

Crushers,    Rotary  Fine.     For  the  fine  reduction  of  soft  and 

moderately  hard  materials,  being  largely  used  for  phosphate,  lime, 
gypsum,  chemicals,  paints,  etc.  They  are  of  the  open-door  con- 
struction, and  a  range  of  output  from  cracked  corn  size  to  1",  and 
capacities  from  £  to  35  tons,  per  hour.  These  are  not  gyratory  ma- 
chines and  do  not  compete  with  them. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING:  DISINTEGRATOR  MILL.  DAY'S 
LIGHTNING.  The  grinding  is  done  by  hardened-steel  beaters,  riv- 
eted securely  on  a  steel  disc.  The  beaters  revolve  on  the  face  or 
feeding  side  of  the  mill  between  corrugated  rings.  They  catch  the 
material  and  beat  it  against  the  corrugates  until  fine  enough  to  pass 
between  the  disc  and  the  face  of  the  ring.  It  is  then  on  the  discharge 
side  of  the  mill  and  all  that  is  fine  enough  is  driven  out.  That  which 
is  not  fine  enough  to  discharge  is  driven  against  the  screens  by  the 
beaters  until  fine  enough  to  pass  through.  The  screens  are  made 
of  square  steel  and  present  a  grinding  surface  to  the  beaters. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

Disintegrator  Cage  Mill,  built  by  the  Abbd  Engineering  Co., 
which  is  used  extensively  in  grinding  glue,  fertilizer  materials,  etc. 
The  machine  has  a  number  of  oppositely  revolving  cages  which  beat 
the  material  to  pieces,  and  is  built  in  several  styles  to  suit  special 
requirements. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Disintegrators.     Double  cage.     For  phosphate,  bone,   tang- 
age,  glue,  etc. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  DRUG  MILL.  Small  grinding 
mills,  used  extensively  for  reducing  substances,  such  as  crystals,  dry 
colors,  barks,  roots,  etc.  The  mill  is  adjustable  and  will  deliver  any 


Part  1.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  43 

size  product  from  powder  of  No.  60  fineness  to  granules  the  size  of 
rice.  The  mill  consists  of  only  two  parts,  which  can  be  instantly  re- 
moved for  cleansing.  The  gears  are  encased  for  protection.  The 
capacity  varies  with  the  adjustment  and  weight  of  the  material,  de- 
livering about  3  Ibs.  of  granules  a  minute  and  £  Ib.  of  fine  powder  a 
minute.  Floor  space,  15  x  24  in.  Weight,  100  Ibs.,  pulleys,  10  in. 
x  2  in.  Height,  4  ft.,  6  in.,  speed  300  revolutions. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  EUREKA  MILLS.     Built  in  three 
sizes,  Nos.  1,  2  and  3  for  capacities  of  30,  60  and  80  pounds.     Com- 
posed of  porcelain  jars  partly  surrounded  by  wood  and  iron. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  EXCELSIOR  MILL  KRUPP.     This 

mill  belongs  to  the  class  of  disc  mills  in  which  the  material  is  ground 
to  various  degrees  of  fineness  by  passing  the  same  between  the  discs. 
Is  used  largely  in  agricultural,  chemical,  metallurgical  and  spice 
and  drug  works  for  grinding  materials  used  in  the  above  classes  of 
work.  The  mill  consists  of  either  one  set  (single  mill)  or  two  sets 
(double  mill)  of  special  iron  discs  either  toothed  or  toothed  and 
fluted,  and  designed  in  male  and  female  form.  One  disc  of  each  pair 
is  stationary  while  the  other  revolves  and  the  material  having  been 
fed  in  at  the  centre  of  the  discs  is  cut  up  or  ground  between  the  teeth 
and  is  thrown  out  from  between  the  discs  by  centrifugal  force.  The 
mill  may  be  supplied  with  various  attachments  in  the  form  of  pre- 
liminary crushers,  feeders,  magnetic  separators,  dust  hoods,  etc., 
and  is  also  arranged  for  either  hand  or  power  drive,  and  may  be 
supplied  for  either  wet  or  dry  grinding. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING   AND  GRINDING.     FULLER-LEHIGH   MILL.     For 

fine  grinding  and  pulverizing.  Grinds  wet  and  grinds  dry.  Large 
output,  economical,  dustless.  For  grinding  cements,  ores,  phos- 
phate rock,  lime  rock,  stone,  sand,  coal,  and  all  kinds  of  refractory 
materials.  The  Fuller  mill  is  made  in  two  sizes,  33  in.  and  42  in., 
these  being  the  diameters  of  the  dies  used  in  the  respective  ma- 
chines. The  material  to  be  reduced  is  fed  to  the  mill  from  an  over- 
head bin,  by  means  of  a  feeder  mounted  on  top  of  the  mill  and 
driven  direct  from  the  mill  shaft.  The  grinding  is  done  by  means  of 
four  unattached  steel  balls,  which  are  propelled  by  four  equi- 
distant horizontal  arms  or  pushers  radiating  from  a  vertical  central 
shaft.  The  material  discharged  by  the  feeder  falls  between  the 
balls  and  the  die  and  is  reduced  to  a  finished  product  in  one  opera- 
tion. Above  the  die  and  the  balls  is  a  fan  which  is  attached  to  the 
yoke  propelling  the  balls.  This  fan  has  two  rows  of  fan  blades,  one 
above  the  other.  The  lower  set  of  fan  blades  lifts  the  finished  pro- 
duct from  the  pulverizing  zone  into  the  chamber  above  the  die, 
where  it  is  held  in  suspension  until  it  is  floated  out  through  a  screen 
by  means  of  the  fanning  action  of  the  upper  row  of  fan  blades.  The 
finished  product  is  then  discharged  through  a  spout.  The  Fuller 


44          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

mill  is  self-contained  and  requires  no  accessory  equipment.     Neither 
the  33-in.  nor  the  42-in.  mill  requires  a  greater  floor  space  than  7-ft. 
square.     The  material  delivered  by  the  mill  is  a  finished  product  and 
requires  no  subsequent  screening. 
— LEHIGH  CAR,  WHEEL  &  AXLE  WORKS,  CATASAUQUA,  PA. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     GRINDING  MILLS. 

— Grinding  mill.     The  vertical  emery  grinding  mill  for  the  fine 

grinding  of  soft  and  moderately  hard  materials.  Largely  used  for 
gypsum,  phosphate,  paint,  chemicals,  etc.  They  are  inexpensive, 
require  no  foundation,  are  complete  and  ready  to  run  when  shipped. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Grinding  Mill.     Horizontal  emery  grinding  mills.     Similar  to 

vertical  mills,  but  for  harder  materials,  such  as  chrome,    manganese, 

hard  limestone,  paints,  etc. 

— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CRUSHING    AND    GRINDING.     HARDINGE    CONICAL    MILL. 

See  above  under  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Conical  Mill. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     HUNTINGTON  MILLS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  JAR  MILL.     A,  Abbe".     Built  with 
one  and  two  jars,  each  jar  capable  of  handling  up  to  15  pounds  each 
at  a  charge. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Jar  Mill.  B,  Abbe".  Built  with  one  jar  encased  in  a  galvan- 
ized iron  cylinder.  Grinds  up  to  25  pounds  at  once.  The  encased 
jar  is  surrounded  by  a  cast  iron  ring  set  in  a  cast  iron  frame.  This 
encased  jar  turns  on  a  swivel  to  facilitate  discharging  the  ground 
material. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Jar   Mill.     Improved    porcelain.     This   type   of   jar   mill,    is 

considered  most  convenient  to  operate  and  requires  less  room  than 
others.  The  jars  are  revolved  by  friction  wheels  and  are  lifted  off  for 
charging  and  emptying.  The  jars  are  manufactured  from  the 
best  porcelain  and  are  impervious  to  the  action  of  even  such  sub. 
stances  as  ink.  They  are  useful  for  grinding  and  triturating  all 
materials  which  corrode  or  react  when  ground  in  metallic  mills, 
and  are  the  only  agency  which  will  deliver  a  uniform  product  with- 
out bolting.  The  material  is  packed  in  the  jars  with  flint  or  porce- 
lain pebbles,  the  reduction  being  produced  by  the  sliding  and  rolling 
of  the  pebbles  upon  each  other  as  the  jars  rotate.  Each  jar  has  an 
average  capacity  of  25  Ibs.  They  are  interchangeable,  and  extra 
ones  can  be  supplied.  Floor  space,  20  in.  x  50  in.,  pulleys,  10  in. 
x  2J  in.,  speed,  50  revolutions. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  45 

— Jar   Mills.     Single  and   double.     These  jars  are  encased  in 
galvanized  iron  cylinders,  similar  to  Jar  Mill  "  B  "  and  also  work  on 
a  swivel.     The  single  mill  has  one  jar,  the  double  mill  two.     Each 
jar  being  capable  of  grinding  up  to  15  pounds  at  a  time. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING    AND    GRINDING.     MAX    MILL.     Grinds    by    per- 
cussion.    Is  extensively  used  for  grinding  borax  ore,  coal,  chemicals , 
sugar,  etc.,  etc.     It  is  built  in  three  sizes  for  different  capacities. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  MILLS.  Lead  and  color  mills 
made  plain  or  water  cooled  and  with  French  Buhr  or  Esopus  stones. 
The  method  of  adjustment  is  perfect.  Fitted  with  an  adjustable 
scraper.  The  steel  spindle  and  heavy  gears  are  cast  from  cut 
patterns.  The  mill  is  equipped  with  a  30-inch  mixer  which  feeds 
the  material  to  the  stones,  from  whence  it  passes  to  a  cooling  pan. 
These  mills  can  be  furnished  in  any  form  desired;  plain,  with  mixer 
or  with  mixer  and  cooling  pan.  Fitted  with  stones  of  20,  24,  26 
or  30  inches  diameter. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  PANS.  For  regrinding  pulp  for 
cyanidation.  A  continuous  feed  and  discharge  pan,  specially  useful 
in  such  cases  where  small  capacity  with  high  efficiency  is  desired, 
and  for  such  localities  where  the  transportation  of  tube  mills  would 
be  difficult. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

— Pans.     Wet  and  dry.     One  of  the  oldest  types  of  reduction 
machines.     Has  long  been  recognized  as  an  able  design  because 
of  its  simplicity,   slow  speed  and  reasonable  repairs.     Powerfully ' 
ribbed  frame  with  full  extension  base  counter  shaft  pedestals  cast 
onto  heavy  cross  beams — steel  shafts — outboard  pulley  bearing — 
heavy  rolls  with  removable  tires — rolls  run  direct  on  wear  plates, 
giving  maximum  crushing.     These  machines  are  unequaled  where  a 
heavy  rugged  design  is  required.     Built  in  more  than  30  sizes  and 
styles,  with  both  stationary  and  revolving  bottoms. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  CRUSHER  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  PEBBLE  MILL,  ABBE.  Some- 
times erroneously  called  a  ball  mill.  The  pebble  mill  grinds  princi- 
pally by  friction,  the  effect  being  produced  by  the  sliding,  tumbling 
and  rolling  inside  of  the  mill  of  a  great  number  of  flint  pebbles  or 
porcelain  balls,  which  are  mixed  with  the  substance  to  be  ground, 
and  the  movement  being  caused  by  revolving  the  mill  at  a  regulated 
speed.  The  main  pait  of  the  machine  is  either  a  plain  porcelain  jar 
fastened  in  a  frame  revolving  in  bearings,  a  porcelain  jar  encased  and 
fastened  in  a  frame  that  turns,  a  cast  iron  drum  lined  with  porcelain 
brick,  or  a  tank  steel  shell,  having  cast  iron  heads  lined  with  porce- 
lain. Pebble  mills  grind  all  kinds  of  hard  and  soft  materials  either 


46          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering  s  Dictionary. 

dry  or  thoroughly  wet,  such  as  chemicals,  drugs,  enamels,  glazes 

ores,  talc,  feldspar,  flint,  etc.,  etc. 

— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Pebble   Mills.     Built   in   eight   different   sizes  by   the   Abbe 

Engineering  Co.,  for  handling  from  120  to' 4000  pounds  at  a  charge. 
All  equipped  with  their  patented  manhole  having  detachable  flanges, 
which  is  an  important  feature  of  this  type  of  mill. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Pebble  Mill.     Enclosed  type.     These  mills  consist  of  a  shell 

made  of  steel  plates,  with  cast-iron  heads,  and  fitted  with  a  manhole 
through  which  the  material  is  fed  and  discharged,  being  lined  with 
either  iron  or  steel,  porcelain  or  flint  blocks,  or  with  hickory  wood,  as 
may  be  best  suited  for  the  material  to  be  pulverized. 
— WEST  PULVERIZING  MACHINE  Co.,  ASHEVILLE,  N.  Y. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING,  POT  MILL.  This  machine  is  used 
for  both  crushing  and  pulverizing,  and  is  handy  for  grinding  small 
quantity  which  could  not  be  reduced  economically  in  a  large  mill. 
The  grinding  is  accomplished  by  heavy  iron  balls,  which  crush  or 
pulverize  the  material,  as  they  revolve.  The  pot  is  fitted  with  a 
tight  cover,  preventing  the  escape  of  dust  and  powder.  The  diameter 
of  the  pot  is  24  in.,  capacity  30  Ibs.  Floor  space  24  in.  x  42  in. 
Weight  400  Ibs.,  pulleys,  14  in.,  x  2J  in.  Height  4  ft.,  speed,  50 
revolutions. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  RAYMOND  MILL.  With  air 
separation.  Enables  one  to  grind  and  separate  at  one  continuous 
operation  a  powder  much  finer  than  can  be  produced  by  bolting.  A 
clean  grinding  room  with  a  large  saving  of  labor  and  power.  Large 
saving  in  raw  material  by  finer  grinding,  economical  separation, 
elimination  of  tailings  and  dust.  Especially  well  adapted  for 
alfalfa  hay,  asbestos  and  asbestos  rock,  asphalt  rock,  barytes, 
bauxite,  blacking  material,  bone  black,  borax  ore  and  borax,  brick 
bats,  carborundum,  casein  (dried  milk),  cast  iron  borings,  clay,  coal, 
coke,  copper  oxide,  cryolite,  enamel,  feed  materials  of  all  kinds, 
fertilizers,  phosphate  rocks,  fullers  earth,  glue,  graphite,  gypsum 
rock  and  plaster,  hoofs  and  horn,  insecticide  powder,  iron  sulphate, 
kaolin,  licorice  root,  caustic,  lime,  hydrated  lime,  limestone,  mag- 
nesite,  manganese  ore,  marble  dust,  mica,  metallic  paints,  dry  color 
paints,  litharge,  ochres,  slate,  umbers,  peruvian  bark,  plaster  of 
Paris,  red  lead,  retarder,  hard  rubber,  shells,  silica,  soap  powders, 
soda,  starch,  talc,  tankage,  tobacco,  trap  rock  and  a  great  number 
of  special  materials  difficult  to  classify.  Used  largely  in  cement 
plants  for  grinding  coal  and  raw  material  and  in  beet  sugar  plants 
for  grinding  caustic  lime.  In  hydrated  lime  manufacture  for  taking 
the  hydrated  lime,  grinding  and  separating  it  and  completing  the 
process  of  hydration.  In  chemical  plants  largely  used  for  grinding 
various  materials  to  a  fine  powder.  In  the  mills  with  air  separation, 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  47 

the  air  enters  the  mill  through  a  series  of  tangential  openings  around 
the  pulverizing  chamber  directly  under  the  ring  die  and  rollers, 
and  that  portion  of  the  material  which  is  reduced  to  the  required 
fineness  by  the  rollers  passing  over  it  once  is  instantly  carried  away 
by  the  air  current,  while  that  which  is  not  fine  enough  drops  down, 
is  caught  by  the  next  plow  following  and  carried  between  the  succeed- 
ing roller  and  the  ring  die  to  receive  like  treatment.  The  mill  has  a 
very  high  capacity  and  produces  a  finished  product  of  uniform 
fineness. 
— RAYMOND  BROS.  IMPACT  PULVERIZER  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     ROCK  AND  ORE  BREAKERS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  ROCK  BREAKERS.  For  crushing 
rocks  and  ores  to  l£"  size  or  coarser,  special  steel  plate  construction, 
which  reduces  their  weight  to  one  half  that  of  ordinary  breakers, 
special  double  cam  and  roller  action,  giving  two  crushing  strokes  to 
each  revolution,  therefore  equal  capacity  at  one-half  the  speed  of 
others.  Cast  steel  rocker  arm,  and  swing  jar;  manganese-steel  jaw 
plates,  strong  cast  iron  anvil  front  casting,  securely  rabbitted  to  the 
side  plates,  heavy  iron  cross  beam  at  the  rear,  carrying  bearings  en- 
tirely independent  of  the  frame,  and  which  cannot  get  out  of  align- 
ment. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     ROLLER-MILL,  Raymond.     See 
above  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Raymond  mill  with  air  separation. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     ROLLS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

— Rolls.     Jacketed  rolls  for  crushing  coke,  lump  and  small  coal, 
ore,  etc. 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

— Rolls.  Of  the  most  improved  design  and  construction,  based 
on  experience  in  actual  operation.  Improved  standard  wide-face 
rolls.  Improved  narrow-face  high-speed  rolls.  Sectionalized  crush- 
ing rolls.  Humphrey  rolls.  Sampling  rolls.  Laboratory  crushing 
rolls. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

Rolls.     High-speed  rolls  with  armorplate  tyres,  grinding  de- 
vice to  true  rolls  while  running,   and  self-oiling  journals.     Twice 
the  work  of  stamps  with  half  the  power. 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

Rolls.     Balanced  Crushing    Rolls.     Having  springs  back  of 

all  bearings,  thus  securing  perfect  balance.    All  reciprocating  move- 


48          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ments  are  equal  and  opposite  at  the  same  time,  thus  quartering  the 
ordinary  crushing  shocks.  Special  car  box  bearings,  universal  ad- 
justment, that  is,  adjustment  for  varying  products  and  lateral 
adjustments.  No  shims;  bearings  which  cannot  get  out  of  align- 
ment; automatic  double  swing  feeder.  These  Rolls  are  adapted  for 
either  roughing  or  finishing,  on  wet  or  dry  material. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Rolls.     Plain     Balanced     Rolls.     Less    expensive     machines 

than  the  regular  balanced  rolls,  the  weights  reduced  about  one-half, 
owing  to  the  steel  tie  bar  construction,  but  have  the  same  balanced 
principle.     Springs  back  of  all  four  bearings,  automatic  single  throw 
feeder  for  roughing  or  finishing  work,  on  wet  or  dry  material. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Rolls.     Day's  Three   Roll  Pigment  Mill.     For  printing  ink, 

paints,  chocolate,  etc.  Made  with  chilled  iron  rolls  either  plain  or 
hollow  for  water  cooling  or  steam  heating.  The  bearings  for  rolls 
are  fitted  in  heavy,  planed  housings  and  provided  with  phosphor- 
bronze  bushings  of  peculiar  construction,  forming  an  oil-flooded 
bearing  thus  preventing  the  journals  from  heating.  The  scraper 
apron  is  adjustable  and  made  to  follow  the  roll  when  moved  in  or 
out.  When  specially  ordered  a  feed  hopper  can  be  attached  to  the 
initial  roll.  Made  with  rolls  9  x  34  inches  and  12  x  32  inches. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

Rolls.      Ring-roll  Grinding  Mill.     For  all  hard  or  moderately 

hard,  dry  materials,  having  a  revolving  ring  upon  which  material 
is  fed,  holding  it  thereon  by  centrifugal  force  until  crushed  off  of 
both  sides  by  three  rolls,  pressed  against  this  layer  of  material  with 
from  40,000  to  60,000  pounds  pressure.  It  has  the  open-door 
construction  for  complete  accessibility,  automatic  feeder,  only  four 
wearing  parts  of  importance.  ,  A  ring  and  three  rolls  make  an  old 
mill  new.  It  has  a  range  of  output  of  from  8  to  100  mesh  and  finer, 
and  the  capacity  is  from  one  to  fifteen  tons  per  hour.  It  is  built  in 
two  sizes,  and  used  for  grinding  ore.cement  clinker,  limestone,  granite, 
trap  and  similar  materials. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Rolls.     Single-roll  Crusher.     A  single  roll  revolving  close  to 

a  quickly  adjustable  breaker  plate,  in  place  of  two  rolls  commonly 
used.  Roll  is  heavily  back  geared  and  rigidly  held  in  its  bearings 
to  prevent  spreading  when  feeding  large  lumps.  This  design  is 
smoother  running  than  the  double  roll.  Bed  frame  in  one  piece  and 
very  rigid.  Different  designs  of  roll  teeth  are  made.  Sometimes 
driven  by  motor.  Moderate  h.p.,  slow  speed,  low  repairs.  Adapted 
for  coarse  and  moderately  fine  crushing.  For  coarse  crushing 
(down  to  1")  of  coal,  coke,  iron  ore,  limestone,  pin  s;;hate  rock, 
gypsum,  flint  clay,  chemicals,  etc 
— PENNSYLVANIA  CRUSHER  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA. 


Part  I .     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  49 

CRUSHING    AND   GRINDING.  SAMPLE.   MILL     Self-contained, 
liberally  proportioned,  accessible,  easily  cleaned  for  sampling  plants, 
mills,  laboratories. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

— Sample  Mill.     A  small  porcelain  jar  mill  suitable  for  handling 
from  i  oz.  to  1£  Ibs.  at  a  time.     Also  built  with  two  jars,  five  jars, 
etc. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  SMASHERS.  Steel-plate  rock 
and  ore  smashers.  The  same  construction  as  our  steel-plate  rock 
and  ore  breakers  (see  above  Crushing  and  Grinding  Rock  Breakers) , 
the  jaw  action,  however,  being  reversed,  that  is,  the  larger  motion 
being  at  the  top  and  the  smaller  at  the  bottom.  The  jaw  openings 
of  these  machines  are  5  x  10"  to  7  x  72".  For  intermediate  crushing 
having  a  range  of  output  of  from  2"  to  1". 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     STAMP  MILLS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

— Stamp  Mills.     In  addition  to  the  building  of  machinery,  a 
large  branch  of  the  business  of  the  company  consists  in  designing  and 
erecting  complete  milling  and   smelting  plants.     Catalog  No.   6-C 
on  Stamp  Milling  Machinery. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  TUBE  MILL,  ABBE.  The  Abbd 
tube  mill  works  on  the  same  principle  as  a  pebble  mill,  but  it  is  a 
machine  used  for  larger  capacities  when  a  continuous  feed  and  dis- 
charge is  necessary.  The  Abbe"  Engineering  Company  equip  all 
their  tube  mills  with  their  patented  "  Ideal  "  spiral  feed  and  dis- 
charge, which  does  away  with  a  special  drive,  being  attached  direct 
to  the  machine,  requires  no  stuffing  boxes,  enables  feeding  pebbles 
into  the  mill  and  can  also  be  used  to  discharge  them.  This  ar- 
rangement also  avoids  all  conveyors  and  enables  the  loading  of  the 
tube  mill  with  pebbles  over  the  center,  which  increases  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  Abb£  tube  mill  and  also  decreases  the  horse  power 
required  to  drive  it,  as  the  loading  of  the  pebbles  over  the  center  par- 
tially balances  the  machine.  In  wet  grinding  it  also  enables  the  load- 
ing of  the  Abb£  tube  mill  with  material  two-thirds  or  three-fourths 
full,  practically  doubling  the  grinding  capacity  and  decreasing 
the  power  required  to  operate  it  by  about  40  per  cent.  Tube 
mills  are  generally  supported  by  two  end  bearings  called  the  trun- 
nion style  of  mill,  but  the  Abbe  Engineering  Co.  in  addition  also 
build  a  tire  style  of  mill  which  is  supported  on  four  rollers  on  which 
two  tires  revolve,  which  surround  the  shell  of  the  mill.  This  type 
of  machine  has  the  advantage  of  being  more  readily  accessible, 
requiring  no  manhole  in  the  shell,  and  can  also  be  operated  with 


50          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

approximately  25%  less  power  than  the  trunnion  styles  of  mills  of 

the  same  size  and  capacity. 

— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Tube  Mills.     Of  heavy,  rigid  construction,  especially  for  fine 

grinding  in  the  operation  of  the  cyanide  process. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

Tube  Mill,  Gates.     For  either  wet  or  dry  grinding.     In  all 

sizes. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

Tube  Mill,  Krupp.  Dry  Grinding — Continuous  Feed  and  Dis- 
charge. This  mill  is  specially  designed  with  the  object  in  view  of 
minimizing  the  amount  of  attention  required  for  operating  as  well 
as  for  reducing  the  renewals  required.  It  is  a  fine  grinding  or  pul- 
verizing machine,  and  in  many  instances  follows  the  ball  mill  as  a 
finisher.  The  feeder  is  a  sight  feeder  and  is  capable  of  being  ad- 
justed without  stopping  the  mill  or  any  portion  of  the  feeding  mech- 
anism. The  discharge  device,  which  is  of  the  central  discharge  type, 
is  designed  so  that  it  automatically  keeps  itself  free  thus  allowing  a 
maximum  discharge,  and  all  dust  is  avoided  by  the  use  of  this  type  of 
discharge.  All  the  parts  of  the  mill  itself  as  well  as  the  driving 
gearing  are  exceptionally  heavy  as  the  service  to  be  performed  re- 
quires exceedingly  substantial  construction.  When  this  mill  is  lined 
with  steel  and  supplied  with  steel  balls,  it  is  known  as  a  Ball-Tube 
Mill. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

Tube  Mill,  Krupp.     Wet  Grinding — Continuous  Feed  and  Dis- 
charge.    This  mill  is  similar  to  the  dry  grinding  mill  in  general  con- 
struction but  the  feed  and  discharge  are  designed  so  as  to  permit  of 
the  handling  of  materials  carrying  a  large  percentage  of  water. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

Tube   Mill,    Krupp.     Enclosed— Dry   and   Wet  Grinding.     A 

closed  cylinder  or  shell  with  manhole  and  proper  lining,  mounted  on 
heavy   trunnion  bearings   and   specially   constructed   to   meet   the 
various  requirements  of  this  line  of  work. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

Tube  Mill.     Dry  Grinding — Continuous  Feed  and  Discharge. 

This  mill  which  is  of  the  trunnion  type  is  of  the  standard  construc- 
tion, but  the  driving  mechanism  has  received  especial  attention.  It 
is  used  for  fine  grinding  and  finishing  the  rough  material.  It  is  fed 
automatically  and  the  feed  is  designed  so  that  the  quantity  of  ma- 
terial may  be  varied  to  suit  the  requirements,  while  the  mill  is 
running.  The  discharge,  which  is  fed  through  the  center  of  the  rear 
hub,  is  entirely  automatic  and  insures  a  maximum  of  standard 
finished  material,  the  coarser  material  being  returned  to  the  mill 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  51 

to  be  finished  to  the  required  fineness.     This  Mill  has  a  large  ca- 
pacity, and  is  operated  with  a  minimum  of  power  and  repairs. 
— WEST  PULVERIZING  MACHINE  Co.,  ASHEVILLE,  N.  C. 

Tube  Mill.     Wet  Grinding— Continuous  Feed  and  Discharge. 

This  mill  is  identical  with  the  dry  grinding  machines,  but  is  designed 
to  handle  wet  material  containing  a  large  percentage  of  water,  or 
material  in  a  liquid  state. 
— WEST  PULVERIZING  MACHINE  Co.,  ASHEVILLE,  N.  C. 

— Tube    Mill.     See    also    "  Crushing    and    Grinding.     Conical 
Mill." 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     See  also  "  Filter.     Slimes." 
—THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRYOLITE.     See  Kryolite. 

CRYSTALLIZING  PANS  AND  VESSELS  of  fused  silica.     (See  also 
Quartz,  fused  in  part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRYSTALLIZING  PANS  OR  DISHES.  Glazed  or  unglazed  in- 
side with  flat  or  round  bottoms  of  stone-ware  or  cast  iron  enameled 
ware. 

— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 
(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CRYSTALLIZING  VESSELS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware  in  various 
sizes  and  shapes. 
— DIDIKR-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

CUPELS.  Hoskins'  "  Brownite  "  cupels  have  absorbing  qualities' 
— superior  to  those  of  bone  ash,  are  uniform  in  composition,  and 
practically  non-breakable.  They  are  made  in  five  standard  sizes; 
1  in.,  11  in.,  l£  in.,  If  in.,  and  2  in.  in  diameter.  Are  packed  in 
boxes  of  100  and  carry  any  distance  in  perfect  condition. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 

CUPEL  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  Cupel. 
CUPOLA  BLOWER.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 
CUPOLA  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

CUPOLA,  NEWTEN.  A  modern  cupola  for  melting  iron  with  a 
differential  adjustable  tuyere  system  and  an  all-steel  air  chamber. 
The  areas  of  tuyeres,  blast  pipe,  and  air  chamber  are  designed  in  the 
exactly  right  proportion  to  the  size  of  furnaces  and  blower.  The 
main  tuyeres  are  of  the  expanded  type,  of  ample  area  to  insure  the 


52          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

transmission  of  sufficient  air  to  the  furnace.  The  increase  in  the  area 
of  the  greater  portion  of  the  tuyeres  as  they  approach  the  fuel  gives  a 
blast  of  large  volume  and  of  moderate  pressure  nearest  the  iron,  and 
the  wide  tuyeres  afford  nearly  a  continuous  blast  opening  around 
the  furnace  walls.  By  these  means  ample  blast  area  is  assured  even 
if  a  portion  of  the  tuyeres  area  is  stopped  by  pieces  of  coke  or  other 
obstructions.  Combined  with  this  is  the  important  feature  of  a 
differential  blast.  The  main  tuyeres  each  have  two  supporting 
ribs,  placed  at  an  angle  and  giving  a  slightly  contracted  effect  to  a 
small  portion  of  the  blast,  thus  tending  to  force  this  portion  toward 
the  proportionately  smaller  area  of  the  center  of  the  furnace,  while 
the  expanded  blast  supplies  the  larger  area  nearer  the  lining,  resulting 
in  a  differential  blast  covering  the  entire  area  of  the  furnace.  The 
result  is  a  quick  melting  heat,  and  fluid  metal  with  a  high  fuel 
economy.  The  lower  tuyeres  are  adjustable  vertically,  through 
several  inches,  to  suit  either  a  deep  or  a  shallow  bed  of  fuel.  This 
adapts  the  furnace  to  either  coke  or  coal,  or  to  any  change  in  the 
inside  diameter  of  the  furnace,  to  suit  different  classes  of  work. 
Catalog  No.  51. 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

CUPRO-VANADIUM.     Used  for  alloying  with  copper,  brass,  and 
bronze.     Increases  strength,  makes  the  metal  more  homogeneous 
and  greatly  improves  wearing  qualities. 
— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CUTTER,  ROTARY.  A  machine  composed  of  a  cylinder  having 
attached  to  it  a  number  of  knives  revolving  in  a  circular  case,  against 
a  number  of  stationary  knives  set  at  intervals  inside  the  case.  This 
machine  is  especially  adapted  to  cutting  up  all  kinds  of  roots,  herbs, 
spices,  tobacco  stems,  wood  pulp,  hard  fibre,  drugs,  etc. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CUTTING,  OXY-ACETYLENE.     Steel  and  iron  (except  cast  iron) 
may  be  cut  by  the  modified  oxy-acetylene  process.     The  ordinary 
oxy-acetylene  flame  (see  Welding,  Oxy-acetylene)  is  used  to  heat 
the  surface  of  the  metal,  whereupon  a  pure  jet  of  oxygen  is  turned 
onto  the  heated  metal,  disintegrating  it  immediately  by  autogenous 
combustion.     The   cutting   blow-pipe   differs,    therefore,    from    the 
welding  blow-pipe  by  an  additional  attachment,  furnishing  an  inde- 
pendent supply  of  oxygen.     By  this  process  bridges,  boilers,  arches, 
etc.,  can  be  wrecked.     Also  dies  cut  out  and  repaired.     Defective 
parts  in  steam  boilers,  containers,  etc.,  can  be  cut  out  and  replaced. 
The  metal  is  not  changed  or  injured  in  the  operation. 
— AMERICAN  OXYGEN  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— INDUSTRIAL  OXYGEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CYANIDES. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co..  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  53 

CYANIDES.  98%  99%  (39$ %  cyanogen).  120%  130%  (48-52% 
cyanogen). 

ROESSLER   AND   HASSLACHER    CHEMICAL  Co. 

CYANIDE  EQUIPMENT. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

CYANIDE    EQUIPMENT.     A   complete   line   of   machinery,    and 
appliances  for  the  treatment  of  ores  by  the  cyanide  process.     Design 
and  erection  of  complete  cyanide  plants  embodying  the  latest  ad- 
vancements in  the  application  of  the  process. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CYANIDE  PLANTS  made  to  order. 

— PACIFIC  TANK  &   PIPE  Co.,   SAN   FRANCISCO,   CAL.,   PORTLAND, 
ORE.,  Los  ANGELES,  CAL. 

CYANIDE  PROCESS.     The  Clancy  improvements  controlled  by 
this  company  reduce  the    loss  of  cyanide  more  than  50%;  refractory 
ores,  not  amenable  to  cyanide  treatment,  unless  roasted,  are  with 
the  Clancy  "  additions  "  treated  raw. 
— THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CYANIDE  PROCESS.  Amalgamating  riffles  for  gold  and  silver 
ores.  They  amalgamate  more  gold  and  silver  than  the  flat  plates 
as  all  of  the  fine  or  flour  gold  is  brought  to  the  amalgamated  surface 
and  cannot  escape;  also  the  tarnished  or  rusty  gold  that  is  lost  over 
flat  plates  is  recovered  in  the  riffles. 
— Lucius  S.  PIERCE,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CYLINDERS,  SEAMLESS  STEEL,  COLD  DRAWN.     See  Tanks, 

seamless  steel. 

DAMPERS  for  gas  pipe  lines;  air-tight  revolving  dampers  capable 
of  very  exact  adjustment;  also  ordinary  plate  dampers. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

DAY  MILLS.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

DECANTING   POTS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,   in   various  siies 
and  shapes,  with  and  without  handles. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

DECANTING  POTS  OF  STONEWARE.     In  different  styles. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

DECANTING  POTS.  Stoneware  made  with  as  many  discharge 
holes  and  of  whatever  size  required,  running  diagonally  on  side  of  pot 
from  the  bottom  to  the  top,  or  less,  as  required.  In  sizes  ranging 
from  2  to  200  gals,  capacity.  Stoneware  faucet  ground  into  each 


54          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

discharge  tube  can  be  supplied  if  desired.     Glaze  with  our  superior 
acid-proof  glazing  to  insure  best  results. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 
(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

DENIT  RATING  PLANTS,  system,  Evers.  Yield  water-white 
sulphuric  acid  60°  B£  and  nitric  acid  of  36  to  40°  Be\  For  denitrating 
mixed  acids  from  manufacture  of  nitroglycerine,  nitrotoluol,  etc. 

DlDIER-M*ARCH  CO.,  NEW   YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

DETINNINQ.  Separating  of  tin  and  solder  from  "  tin  scrap  "  and 
other  tin-bearing  materials  and  producing  merchantable  steel  scrap, 
tin  products  and  solder.  In  the  chlorine  detinning  process  the  pro- 
ducts are  steel  scrap  and  tin  tetrachloride. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  DETINNING  Co.,  NEW  YORK  ClTY. 

DIAMONDS.     For  technical  and  industrial  purposes  (Carbons  and 
Borts). 
— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

DIAPHRAGMS.     Successful    diaphragms   for   acid    solutions   are 
made  of  asbestos,  with  the  fibres  cemented  together  by  sulphur. 
Such  diaphragms  do  not  soften  when  wet,  but  retain  the  stiffness 
of  asbestos  sheets  and  mill  board. 
— ANSON  G.  BETTS,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

DIAPHRAGMS.     Rubber,    for    pumps,    vacuum    brakes,    steam 
regulators,  for  use  in  paper  mills. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

DIFFUSION  BATTERIES.  Leaching  cells,  digesters,  for  producing 
a  partially  concentrated  extract  or  solution  from  any  material  being 
handled  in  quantity,  in  which  the  solvent  is  water.  Now  installed 
for  the  lixiviation  of  "  black  ash  ",  extraction  by  diffusion  of  sugar 
from  beets,  etc.  We  build  single  and  double  line  as  well  as  circular 
batteries  of  any  size  and  have  sold  a  great  many  equipments. 
Shells  of  steel  or  cast  iron  and  designed  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
each  installation.  Drop  or  swing  bottom  or  swinging  side  door 
discharge  operated  by  hand,  or,  in  large  equipments,  with  hydraulic 
closing  arrangement.  Intermediate  heaters  if  desired. 
— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL.  (Formerly  American 
Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 

DIFFUSION  BATTERIES.     See  also  Cells,  Leaching. 

DIGESTER  AND  COOKER.  Automatic  continuous:  of  the 
direct  steam  type,  operating  continuously.  Inside  of  a  cylindrical 
steel  shell  is  a  specially  constructed  screw  conveyor,  made  up  of  cut 
flights,  and  by  its  rotation  cuts  up  and  thoroughly  agitates  the 
material  and  carries  it  forward.  Steam  is  admitted  through  per- 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  55 

forations  in  the  hollow  shaft  of  conveyor.     Suitable  for  handling 

offal  from  fishing  plants,  etc. 

— AMERICAN  PROCESS  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

DIGESTERS.     See  also  Diffusion  batteries,  and  Cells,  Leaching. 

DIPPING  BASKETS  OF  STONEWARE.  For  platers,  galvanizers, 
etc.  These  baskets  are  made  in  size  from  6x6  inches  to  12  x  12 
inches,  or  larger  if  required.  Have  perforations  from  i  to  ^  inch. 
Heavily  glazed  with  our  specially  prepared  acid-proof  glazing,  with 
a  high  strong  handle. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

DISCS.  Discs,  bushings,  washers  and  other  small  carbon  articles 
formerly  made  in  molds  can  frequently  be  far  more  economically 
produced  by  machining  from  solid  Acheson -Graphite  rods.  High 
electrical  conductivity,  purity  (99%),  smoothness,  lubricating 
properties,  resistance  to  oxidation  and  disintegration,  and  non- 
arcing  properties  are  important  considerations  in  this  connection. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
N.  Y. 

DISSOLVE R,  RAPID.  Consists  principally  of  a  bowl  with  a 
stirring  wheel  at  the  bottom.  The  purpose  of  this  machine  is  to 
dissolve  such  substances  as  chloride  of  lime,  all  kinds  of  salts  and 
chemicals,  such  as,  sulphate  of  alumina,  kaolin,  china  clay,  sulphate 
of  baryta,  etc.  Owing  to  the  exceedingly  rapid  action  of  the  stirring 
wheel  the  machine  has  an  enormous  output  with  minimum  con- 
sumption of  power,  the  largest  size  for  instance  taking  only  about 
3  h.p.  The  machine  is  made  in  sizes  of  125  to  1250  gallons.  The 
discharge  valve  is  located  at  the  lowest  part  of  the  bowl,  and  the 
inside  of  the  machine  is  easily  accessible  for  cleaning,  etc.  The 
machine  can  be  arranged  so  that  it  can  be  driven  from  top  or  from 
below  to  suit  local  conditions. 
— WERNER  &  PFLEIDERER,  SAGINAW,  MICH. 

DISTILLATION  ENGINEERING.  Pertains  to  the  design  and  in- 
stallation of  chemical  plants  in  which  processes  of  distillation  are 
wholly  or  in  part  employed.  Hardwood  distillation  with  the  manu- 
facture of  methyl  alcohol,  acetone,  acetate,  charcoal  and  pine  wood 
distillation  to  produce  turpentine,  pine  oil,  rosin,  tar,  etc.,  serve  to 
illustrate  the  nature  of  the  field.  Innumerable  refining  processes 
such  as  the  manufacture  of  formaldehyde,  acetic  acid,  ether,  chloro- 
form, alcohols,  petroleum,  are  further  examples  of  its  scope.  Im- 
provement of  old  distillation  processes,  founding  of  new  ones;  better- 
ment of  yields  and  quality  of  products;  installation  of  modern  ap- 
paratus; equipment  of  labor  saving  plants — all  with  one  end  in 
view — reduction  of  cost  and  increase  of  earnings. 
— WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


56          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

DISTILLATION,  WOOD.     For  hard  or  pine  wood  with  complete 
equipment  of  retorts  or  ovens,  stills,  condensers,  settling,  neutralizing 
and  storage  tanks.     Old  types  on  demand;  improved  forms  recom- 
mended and  covered  by  real  guarantees. 
— WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

DISTILLING  MACHINERY  AND  APPARATUS.  For  the  manu- 
facture of  alcohol,  rum  and  whiskey,  recovery  of  solvents,  etc.,  and 
for  various  chemical  industries,  such  as  a  manufacture  and  refining 
of  wood  alcohol,  acetic  acid,  acetone,  chloroform,  ether,  etc.  Where 
size  permits,  continuous  stills  are  made  which  operate  more  eco- 
nomically than  periodic  stills  and  yield  larger  amounts  of  better  pro- 
ducts. The  special  apparatus  of  this  firm  in  the  distilling  line  in- 
cludes patent  continuous  rum  or  whiskey  still,  special  still  for 
acetic  acid,  continuous  beer  still,  silver  and  lead  line  stills  of  copper 
and  iron  manufactured  by  patented  process,  etc.  Besides  the  dis- 
tilling apparatus  proper  which  are  designed  to  suit  each  particular 
case,  plants  complete  with  all  auxiliary  apparatus  are  planned  and 
furnished. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

DISTILLING  MACHINES.  Automatic  and  continuous  in  opera- 
tion. Products  turned  out  simultaneously  and  in  finished  condition. 
No  intermediate  fractions  to  be  worked  over.  Unit  system  of 
construction  makes  it  possible  to  meet  conditions  exactly.  Sizes 
to  handle  from  500  to  1000  gals,  per  24  hour  day.  Specially  adapted 
to  wood  alcohol,  wood  turpentine,  acetic  acid,  petroleum,  separation 
of  recovered  solvents,  etc. 
— WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

DISTILLING.     See  also  Stills. 

DOLOMITE.     For  furnace  linings. 
— E.  J.  LAVINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

DOSSERT  CONNECTORS.     See  Connectors 

DREDGES.     Gold  dredges.     Dipper  dredges.     Hydraulic  dredges. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

DREDGES.     For  gold  and  silver  ores.     See  Amalgamating  riffles. 

DRYER,  DIRECT  STEAM  HEATED  AIR.  This  dryer  is  similar 
in  operation  to  the  Direct  Heat  Rotary  Dryer  below  described,  ex- 
cept that  instead  of  furnace,  heater  and  fan  are  used.  The  air  is 
heated  by  being  blown  over  steam  coils  of  the  heater.  The  material 
passes  either  with  or  against  the  blast  of  air  according  to  the  ma- 
terial being  handled.  This  dryer  is  suitable  for  handling  material 
that  cannot  come  in  direct  contact  with  the  gases  of  combustion  or 
that  must  be  dried  at  a  low  temperature. 
— AMERICAN  PROCESS  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  57 

DRYERS,  DRUM.  For  drying  under  vacuum  or  at  atmospheric 
pressure;  arranged  for  low  or  high  temperatures.  The  material  to 
be  dried  is  applied  in  an  even  layer  of  adjustable  thickness.  As  the 
drum  does  not  dip  into  the  liquor  there  is  no  foaming  in  the  dryer. 
The  dry  product  is  discharged  continuously  without  interrupting 
the  drying  process  or  breaking  the  vacuum.  Our  design  is  very  com- 
pact, calling  for  small  floor  space,  with  weight  reduced  to  the  mini- 
mum consistent  with  proper  strength.  The  dryer  is  so  built  that 
its  capacity  can  be  readily  increased. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYERS.     ROTARY. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

DRYER  ROTARY.  Direct  heat.  The  wet  material  and  the 
furnace  gases  enter  the  shell  at  the  higher  end.  The  wet  material 
falls  to  the  bottom  of  the  dryer,  is  caught  by  a  shelf,  elevated  to 
almost  the  highest  point  during  rotation,  and  then  showered  through 
the  gases.  This  operation  is  repeated  until  the  material  in  a  dry- 
condition  is  discharged  from  the  lower  end  of  the  cylinder.  This 
material  is  moved  towards  the  discharge  by  the  slope  of  the  cylinder 
and  by  the  draft.  The  material  and  furnace  gases  travel  in  the 
same  direction,  so  that  gases  of  the  highest  temperature  are  in  con- 
tact with  the  wettest  material.  This  dryer  is  suitable  for  handling 
all  refuse  material,  such  as  lime  refuse,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime,  offal  from  packing  houses  and  fish  canning  plants,  etc. 
— AMERICAN  PROCESS  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

DRYER,  ROTARY.  Direct  steam,  hot  air  and  gas-heated  rotary 
dryers  for  such  materials  as  are  not  sensitive  to  heat  (such  as  sensi- 
tive must  be  dried  in  a  vacuum  dryer.)  The  drying  is  rapid  and 
continuous.  These  dryers  are  made  to  revolve  or  to  not  revolve, 
and  are  made  to  suit  the  conditions  at  the  factory.  The  non- 
revolving  dryers  are  placed  horizontally,  the  revolving  dryers  on  a 
slight  angle.  Both  are  rapid  in  their  work  and  are  adapted  to  such 
materials  as  fertilizers,  packing  house  and  other  by-products,  and 
various  granular  substances. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYERS.     SIX  TYPES. 

Class  "  A."  For  materials  which  may  be  heated  to  a  high  tem- 
perature and  are  not  injured  by  furnace  gases.  A  rotating  machine 
consisting  of  two  concentric  cylinders  fastened  rigidly  together  at 
centre  and  at  other  points  with  swinging  braces  allowing  free  ex- 
pansion. Heat  from  an  independent  furnace  passes  through  in- 
side cylinder,  back  between  the  two  cylinders  and  out  through  an 
exhaust  fan.  Material  fed  in  between  the  two  cylinders  at  furnace 
end  is  lifted  by  steel  nights  on  inside  of  outer  shell  and  dropped  on 
heated  inner  shell;  by  rotation  of  machine  the  material  is  again 
dropped  to  outer  shell  which  process  is  continued  until  on  account 


58          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

of  inclination  of  machine  it  is  finally  delivered  dried  from  rear  end. 
Machine  is  supported  by  steel  tires  resting  on  eight  chilled  and 
ground  bearing  wheels  supported  on  cast  bases  and  is  driven  by 
gear  and  pinion.  This  machine  develops  75%  or  more  thermal 
efficiency  and  is  built  for  a  capacity  as  high  as  6000  Ibs.  of  water 
evaporation  per  hour. 

RUGGLES-COLES  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Class  "  B."  For  materials  which  may  be  heated  to  a  high  tem- 
perature but  cannot  be  allowed  in  contact  with  furnace  gases.  A 
machine  consisting  of  two  concentric  cylinders  similar  in  appearance 
and  construction  to  the  "  A  "  dryers  but  the  products  of  combustion 
after  passing  through  the  inner  cylinder  are  taken  back  through 
tubes  arranged  around  the  inside  of  outer  shell  and  out  through 
exhaust  fan,  so  they  do  not  come  into  contact  with  material  being 
dried.  These  dryers  will  give  50%  thermal  efficiency  and  are  built 
for  a  capacity  as  high  as  4000  Ibs.  of  water  evaporation  per  hour. 

RUGGLES-COLES  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Class  "  C."  For  material  which  can  neither  be  heated  to  a  high 
temperature  nor  come  into  contact  with  furnace  gases.  A  machine 
consisting  of  a  rotating  cylinder  with  steel  tires  chilled  bearing 
wheels  and  cast  bases  similar  to  "  A  "  dryers,  but  instead  of  furnace 
and  inner  cylinder  there  is  riveted  at  one  end  a  steam  head  con- 
nected to  which  are  steam  pipes  extending  to  other  end.  These 
are  so  arranged  as  to  drain  into  steam  head  and  water  is  auto- 
matically removed  as  fast  as  formed.  This  machine  gives  a  thermal 
efficiency  of  72%  from  steam  used.  As  however  steam  can  only  be 
produced  with  an  efficiency  of  about  60%  the  total  thermal  effi- 
ciency of  this  dryer  from  coal  is  about  43%.  If  exhaust  steam  is 
used  which  would  otherwise  be  wasted  the  cost  of  drying  is  only  the 
cost  of  maintenance.  These  dryers  are  built  for  a  capacity  as  high 
as  1000  Ibs.  evaporation  per  hour. 

RUGGLES-COLES  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Class  "  D."  For  sticky  materials  which  cannot  be  heated  to  a  high 
temperature  nor  allowed  in  contact  with  furnace  gases.  A  ma- 
chine consisting  of  stationary  steam-jacketed  semi-circular  troughs, 
with  straight  sides  and  covers.  Through  the  centre  is  a  revolving 
square  shaft  with  paddles  bolted  on,  which  paddles  keep  the  ma- 
terial from  sticking  to  the  shell  and  feed  it  through  the  dryer.  These 
dryers  will  give  a  thermal  efficiency  of  60%  from  steam  used  and  are 
built  for  a  capacity  as  high  as  500  Ibs.  of  water  evaporation  per 
hour. 

— RUGGLES-COLES  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Class  "  E.M  For  sticky  materials  which  may  be  raised  to  a  high 
temperature  and  which  are  not  injured  by  furnace  gases.  A  ma- 
chine consisting  of  stationary  bricked-in  semi-circular  cast  iron 
trough  with  straight  sides  and  cover.  Through  the  centre  is  a  re- 
volving square  shaft  with  paddles  bolted  on,  which  keep  the  ma- 
terial from  adhering  to  shell  and  feed  it  through  the  machine.  This 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  59 

dryer  has  an  exterior  furnace  and  products  of  combustion  pass  under 
shell  and  back  through  drying  material.  This  dryer  has  a  thermal 
efficiency  of  50%  and  is  built  for  a  capacity  as  high  as  2000  Ibs.  of 
water  evaporation  per  hour. 

RUGGLES-COLES  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

Class  "  F."  For  materials  the  same  as  for  "  A  "  dryers  but  in 
which  small  capacity  is  required  or  economy  of  operation  is  not  de- 
sired. A  machine  consisting  of  single  rotating  shell  with  lifting 
flights  material  being  fed  through  by  inclination  of  machine.  A 
furnace  is  placed  at  either  end  as  best  suited  to  material  and  products 
of  combustion  pass  through  machine  and  out  of  stack.  The 
shell  has  steel  tires  resting  on  chilled  and  ground  bearing  wheels 
which  are  supported  on  cast  iron  bases.  These  dryers  will  give  a 
thermal  efficiency  of  45%  and  are  built  for  a  capacity  as  high  as 
1500  Ibs.  of  water  evaporation  per  hour. 

Other  types  of  Dryers  are  designed  and  installed  when  none  of  the 
above  types  are  found  suitable. 

— RUGGLES-COLES  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

DRYERS,    VACUUM    CHAMBER    PASSBURQ    SYSTEM.     The 

vacuum-chamber  dryer  is  manufactured  in  various  styles  and  sizes, 
of  a  special  grade  of  close-grain  cast  iron  and  heavily  ribbed  on  the 
outside  to  withstand  the  extreme  pressures  for  maintaining  the 
highest  vacuum;  with  an  appropriate  number  of  heating  shelves 
made  from  hydraulically  straightened  sheet-steel  plates,  ends  and 
sides  welded  and  centers  reinforced  with  countersunk  stay  bolts, 
and  tested  to  ninety  pounds  pressure.  The  chamber  dryer  is  de- 
signed to  remove  water  rapidly  and  at  a  low  temperature  without 
altering  the  chemical  composition  of  the  material  being  dried.  The 
dryer  is  easily  charged  and  operated.  The  chamber  dryer  is  es- 
pecially suitable  for  rubber,  aniline  and  other  dyes;  alizarine, 
extracts,  effervescent  salts,  chemical  products,  pharmaceutical 
preparations,  incandescent  mantles,  casein,  milk  chocolate,  etc. 
— J.  P.  DEVINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYERS,  VACUUM  SINGLE  AND  DOUBLE  DRUM,  PASSBURQ 
SYSTEM.  This  type  of  drying  apparatus  is  designed  especially  for 
solutions  or  emulsions  of  milk  and  food  products,  glue,  gum,  tannin 
and  dyewood  extracts,  various  albuminous  substances,  white  lead, 
etc.  The  double  drum  is  of  the  latest  design  and  peculiarly  adapted 
for  the  more  sensitive  materials.  The  outer  casing  being  made  of  a 
special  grade  of  cast  iron,  heavily  ribbed  to  withstand  pressure,  and 
the  drum  of  a  special  mixture  of  charcoal  iron  and  scrap,  when  cast 
iron  is  used  and  of  bronze  or  other  metals  or  composition  best  suited 
to  treat  the  material  to  be  dried.  The  drum  dryers  produce  a  fine 
powder  of  perfect  dryness  continuously  from  solutions  containing 
from  ten  to  fifty  per  cent  of  solid  matter.  The  drying  process  re- 
quires but  a  few  seconds  and  the  material  is  dried  at  a  temperature 
of  from  105°  P.  to  125°  F. 
— J.  P.  DEVINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


60          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

DRYERS,  VACUUM  ROTARY.  A  horizontal,  cylindrical  ap- 
paratus, hollow  inside  and  steam  heated  around  the  exterior  and 
also  in  the  center.  The  material  is  placed  in  same,  tumbled  about 
by  revolving  medium,  and  finally,  after  being  dried,  is  discharged 
Steam  heated,  fire  heated  and  hot  air  heated  vacuum  rotary  dryers. 
The  material  is  placed  in  the  apparatus,  dried  at  a  low  temperature 
and  may  be  absolutely  dried  if  necessary.  A  large  output  with  an 
improved  quality;  low  cost  of  operation;  low  steam  consumption; 
simplicity  of  construction  and  small  floor  space  are  some  of  the 
advantages.  This  dryer  is  suitable  for  handling  any  granular 
substance,  and  is  very  rapid  in  its  operation. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYERS,  VACUUM  ROTARY.  Consists  of  a  stationary  steam 
jacketed  cylinder  in  which  revolves  a  steam  heated  tube  or  drum 
carrying  mixing  blades.  These,  as  they  revolve,  agitate  the  ma- 
terials, allowing  the  vapors  to  escape  easily  to  the  condenser  and 
vacuum  pump.  The  material  can  be  conveyed  to  the  machine  by 
conveyor  belts  or  similar  means,  and  is  fed  into  the  cylinder  through 
manholes  on  the  top,  provided  with  loose  covers  held  in  place  by 
atmospheric  pressure.  When  dry  the  material  is  discharged  through 
the  quick  opening  outlets  in  the  bottom.  This  apparatus  can  be 
charged  and  emptied  in  fifteen  minutes  and  only  one  operator  is 
required  in  attendance  where  proper  facilities  are  installed  for  con- 
veying the  materials.  This  apparatus  includes  dust  filter,  condenser 
and  high-service  vacuum  pump.  Capacity  100  Ibs.  to  3000  Ibs.  per 
charge.  Used  for  drying  salts,  starch,  feed,  ores,  baking  powder, 
reclaimed  rubber,  or  any  material  which  can  be  agitated  while 
drying. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

DRYERS,  VACUUM  ROTARY  DRUM.  Drying  solutions,  emul- 
sions, and  pulps  such  as  dyewood  extracts,  white  lead,  glues,  milk, 
acids,  chemicals,  etc.,  or  any  liquid  containing  solids.  The  dryer 
consists  of  a  hollow  revolving  drum,  surrounded  by  a  tightly  sealed 
casing  equipped  with  a  device  for  applying  a  coating  of  liquid  ma- 
terial to  the  drum  and  a  corresponding  appliance  for  removing  the 
material  in  a  dry  condition  and  delivering  it  to  suitable  receivers. 
The  drum  is  made  of  cast  iron,  bronze  or  special  metals  as  required 
for  acids  or  other  materials.  The  casing  surrounding  the  drum  will 
be  lined  when  required;  the  part  of  the  casing  containing  the  wet 
material  will  be  lined  with  metal  to  withstand  the  action  of  the 
liquids.  Agitators  are  provided  for  material  requiring  constant 
stirring.  Steam  is  applied  to  the  interior  of  the  drum  and  the 
latter  is  revolved  at  the  speed  required  for  the  material  to  be  treated. 
A  vacuum  pump  and  a  condenser  are  used  in  connection  with  the 
dryer  and  the  drum  rotates  in  a  vacuum  while  in  operation.  On 
account  of  this  vacuum  the  material  is  dried  at  an  extremely  low 
temperature,  which  prevents  the  overheating  of  the  product.  The 
material  is  applied  at  the  bottom  of  the  drum  and  is  carried  on  the 
drum  for  three  quarters  of  a  revolution  of  the  latter,  when  it  is  re- 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  61 


moved  continuously  in  a  dry  state  and  conveyed  to  one  of  the  re- 
ceivers. When  one  receiver  is  full  the  action  of  the  conveyor  is 
reversed  and  the  material  is  diverted  to  the  other  receiver.  While 
the  second  receiver  is  being  filled,  the  first  receiver  is  emptied  of  its 
stock.  The  valve  between  the  dryer  and  receiver  is  closed  during 
the  unloading  of  the  receiver,  in  order  to  avoid  breaking  the  vacuum 
in  the  dryer.  The  moisture  is  removed  by  evaporation,  hence  no 
product  is  lost  during  the  operation. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYERS,  VACUUM,  SAFETY.  Passburg  system.  A  modifica- 
tion of  the  ordinary  Passburg  vacuum  dryer,  to  meet  the  conditions 
for  drying  smokeless  powder,  fulminate  of  mercury,  gun  cotton, 
and  other  explosives.  The  apparatus  is  provided  with  an  expansion 
chamber  and  other  safety  devices  for  the  purposes  of  receiving  in 
case  of  an  explosion,  the  expanding  gases  and  of  reducing  thereby 
their  destructive  power. 
— J.  P.  DEVINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYER,  VACUUM  SHELF.  The  shelf  dryer  is  adapted  to  dry 
sheet  and  reclaimed  rubber  of  all  kinds,  rubber  compounds,  paints, 
dies,  extracts,  pastes,  glue,  soap,  salts,  albumens,  of  all  descriptions, 
starch,  glutin,  rosin,  vegetables,  fruits,  sugars,  small  electrical 
apparatus,  plates,  chemicals,  various  by-products,  granular  and 
liquid  substances.  The  dryer  consists  of  a  square  or  rectangular 
chamber  containing  hollow  steam  or  hot  water  heated  shelves, 
placed  one  above  the  other,  the  space  between  the  shelves  varying 
from  2$"  to  4".  The  chambers  have  a  door  at  one  or  both  ends  for 
unloading  purposes.  The  material  to  be  dried  being  loaded  in  trays 
or  pans,  these  are  placed  on  the  shelves.  The  apparatus  is  then 
closed  up,  the  vacuum  produced  and  the  drying  commenced.  With 
the  apparatus  is  furnished  a  vacuum  pump  and  condenser,  which 
produces  and  maintains  a  high  vacuum  during  the  drying  operation. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYERS,  VACUUM  SHELF.  Rectangular  vacuum  shelf  chambers 
made  of  cast  iron,  strongly  ribbed  to  withstand  a  pressure  of  several 
atmospheres.  The  chambers  are  cast  in  four  plates  to  insure  perfect 
castings,  joints  are  planed  and  fitted  carefully  requiring  no  gaskets 
to  seal  them.  The  advantage  of  this  construction  is  that  the  cham- 
ber can  be  shipped  in  portable  sections  where  it  is  to  be  installed  in 
a  factory  having  small  entrance  and  no  facility  for  handling  heavy 
pieces.  Hinged  doors  at  one  or  both  ends  are  provided  for  charging 
and  emptying.  The  steam  heating  shelves,  on  which  the  material 
is  placed,  are  seamless  welded  steel.  Either  steam  or  hot  water,  as 
conditions  require,  is  supplied  to  and  conducted  from  the  shelves 
by  means  of  two  manifolds.  The  shelves  are  independent  and  can 
be  detached  separately  without  interfering  with  the  others.  The 
clearance  space  between  shelves  can  be  altered  to  suit  requirements. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

DRYERS,  EXHAUSTERS  FOR.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 


62          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

DRYING  AND  IMPREGNATING  APPARATUS,  VACUUM  PASS- 
BURG  SYSTEM.  The  apparatus  consists  of  a  drying  and  impregna- 
ting chamber  (either  steam  jacketed  or  heated  with  spiral  steam 
coil) ;  a  liquor  tank  (also  steam  jacketed  or  containing  a  spiral  heat- 
ing coil)  for  the  storage  and  to  liquify  the  compound;  steam -jacketed 
pipe  and  valve  connecting  the  chamber  and  tank;  a  specially  designed 
combined  air  pump  and  compressor  capable  of  producing  a  high 
vacuum  as  well  as  a  high  pressure ;  and  a  condenser  of  proportionate 
capacity  to  meet  requirements  of  each  installation.  The  apparatus 
is  designed  not  only  for  electric  coils,  cables,  etc.,  but  for  the  thorough 
impregnation  of  fabric,  leather,  wood,  and  other  materials,  with  oils, 
coloring  matter  and  waterproofing  or  fireproofing  solutions. 
— J.  P.  DEVINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYING  (VACUUM)  AND  IMPREGNATING  APPARATUS.     For 

drying  and  impregnating  with  insulating  compound,  under  vacuum, 
electric  coils,  cables,  transformers,  armatures,  insulator  pins,  wood 
fillers,  and  electrical  work  of  all  descriptions.  The  apparatus  con- 
sists of  an  impregnating  tank,  liquor  tank,  vacuum  pump,  con- 
denser and  auxiliaries.  The  tanks,  connecting  pipe  and  valve  are 
heated  with  steam,  gas  or  hot  air.  The  material  to  be  treated  is 
placed  in  the  impregnating  tank,  the  moisture  being  rapidly  evapo- 
rated and  condensed  under  vacuum.  The  compound  with  which 
the  material  is  to  be  impregnated  is  melted  (if  necessary)  in  the 
liquor  tank.  When  the  articles  to  be  impregnated  are  thoroughly 
evacuated,  the  gate  valve  between  the  tanks  is  opened,  the  vacuum 
in  the  impregnating  tank  drawing  the  liquor  into  that  tank  until 
the  articles  to  be  treated  are  thoroughly  covered.  The  vacuum  is 
then  broken  and  air  at  100  Ibs.  pressure  is  then  put  on  the  liquor, 
this  pressure  being  maintained  until  a  thorough  impregnation  takes 
place.  The  liquid  is  then  returned  to  the  liquor  tank  by  a  slight 
air  pressure,  allowing  the  impregnated  article  to  drain. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

DRYING,  SAWDUST  BOXES.     Steam-heated  sawdust  boxes  for 
drying  quantities  of  small  work  in  bulk.     Made  removable  sections. 
The  sawdust  compartment  is  made  of  heavy  galvanized  iron  and  is 
heated  by  a  steam  coil.     The  stand  is  made  of  li  inch  angle  iron. 
— THE  HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

DRYING  SYSTEM  for  sulphuric  acid  concentration.  See  Sul- 
phuric Concentration. 

DUST  COLLECTOR.  An  apparatus  for  collecting  floating  dust 
created  by  various  types  of  machinery,  etc.,  and  delivering  the  same 
at  any  convenient  point.  (See  also  "  Gas  Washer  "  "  Smoke  Con- 
sumer," Vapor  Condenser.") 

DUST  COLLECTOR,  OSBORNE  POLYGONAL.  Is  octagonal  in 
shape,  instead  of  being  circular  like  the  ordinary  type  of  cyclone 
collector.  The  polygonal  form  of  the  collector  gives  much  better 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  63 

results  in  the  separation  of  the  dust  from  the  air,  so  that  practically 
all  of  the  material  delivered  to  the  machine  is  collected  and  saved. 
This  machine  can  be  used  in  connection  with  any  convenient  system 
of  piping  for  the  removal  and  collection  of  all  floating  dust.  It  is 
very  frequently  used  for  collecting  the  fine  dust  escaping  from  the 
discharge  end  of  rotary  dryers,  etc.  When  used  for  this  purpose 
it  saves  the  space  otherwise  needed  for  clumsy  dust  chambers, 
and  at  the  same  time  collects  a  great  deal  more  of  the  dust  than  is 
possible  by  any  other  method. 
— GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

DUST  COLLECTOR,  WATER.  Made  of  galvanized  iron  or  other 
material  to  prevent  rusting  or  rapid  deterioration  from  other  causes ; 
is  used  for  removing  and  precipitating  dust,  and  also  for  absorbing 
obnoxious  vapors  and  gases;  finds  application  in  mines  for  collecting 
precious  metal  dust,  in  stoneware  and  cement  mills,  paint  factories, 
paper  mills,  breweries,  etc.  This  dust  collector  is  operated  by  pre- 
sure  water  atomized  by  means  of  Koerting  centrifugal  spray  nozzles 
installed  therein,  the  spray  from  which  is  exceptionally  fine  and 
even,  and  which  completely  absorbs  the  dust,  etc.  The  air  and  dust 
is  forced  through  the  apparatus  by  means  of  jet  ventilators  or  rotary 
fans  but  for  some  purposes  neither  is  required,  as  the  arrangement 
of  sprays  creates  the  necessary  draft.  The  air,  gases  or  dust  enters 
at  one  end  of  the  apparatus  and  is  discharged  at  the  other  end  com- 
pletely cleaned.  Catalog  RR-4,  AA-6  and  CC-6. 
— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

DYNAMOS.     See  Generators. 

EARTHENWARE  CELLS.     Porous  for  electrochemical  purposes, 
of  superior  quality,  have  given  general  satisfaction  wherever  used, 
made  in  round  or  rectangular  shapes. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

EARTHENWARE     TILES.     Porous.     Of     great     porosity     and 
durability. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

ELECTRIC  STEEL  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Electric  Steel. 

ELECTRODES,  ACHESON-GRAPHITE.  Made  by  subjecting  the 
ordinary  carbon  articles  to  the  graphitizing  process  of  the  Acheson 
electric  furnace.  Possess  four  times  the  electrical  conductivity  of 
the  amorphous  carbon  article.  Real  density  2.18.  Contain  98.5% 
to  99.9%  graphite.  Tensile  strength  850  to  1050  pounds  per  square 
inch.  Resistance  0.00035  ohm  per  inch  cube.  Oxidizing  tem- 
perature 1150°  F.  Of  low  porosity,  rendering  them  highly  re- 
sistant to  chemical  disintegrating  action.  Freedom  from  hydro- 
carbons, assures  remarkably  long  life,  one  to  two  years,  in  chloride 
work.  Ease  of  machining  is  a  valuable  and  economic  charac- 
teristic. In  electrometallurgical  work  they  have  shown  six  times 


64          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

the  efficiency  of  amorphous  carbon  electrodes  for  equal  electrode 
weights.  Show  marked  economy  in  many  electrolytic  processes  for 
producing  zinc  and  copper  in  chloride  solutions,  chlorine,  caustic 
soda,  chlorates,  gold  and  silver  from  cyanide  solutions,  etc.,  and  in 
such  electric-furnace  work  as  the  manufacture  of  steel,  ferro-alloys, 
carbide  and  the  like. 

— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
N.  Y. 

ELECTRODES,  CARBON.     Amorphous  carbon  electrodes  (Girod) 
of  great  strength  and  durability.     For  electric-furnace  work,  like 
steel  refining. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(See  also  Carbon  electrodes.) 

ELECTRO-GALVANIZING.     Sulphate  of  zinc.     Full  information 
on  request. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL., 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

ELECTRO-GALVANIZING.      Electrogalvanizing,      cold     process. 
Plants  furnished  for  complete  equipments. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

ELECTRO-GALVANIZING.     Machinery,    apparatus,    and    acces- 
sories. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ELECTROLYSIS.     See  Cells,  electrolytic;  also  Electrogalvanizing 
and  Electroplating. 

ELECTROPLATING    CHEMICALS.     All   chemicals   used    in    the 
electrodeposition  of  metals. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  Co.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ELECTROPLATING  CONNECTIONS.     Rod  and  wire  connections 
of  all  styles  and  sizes  for  use  in  the  plating  room. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  Co.,  NEWARK. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ELECTROPLATING,  MECHANICAL  APPARATUS.  These  ma- 
chines are  particularly  adapted  for  electroplating  large  quantities 
of  small  work  in  bulk,  saving  time,  labor  and  expense.  They  are 
being  successfully  operated  with  nickel,  copper,  brass,  bronze  and 
zinc  plating  solutions.  Many  articles  come  from  the  apparatus  in 
a  highly  polished  condition  thus  doing  away  with  further  hand 
operations. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

ELECTROTYPING  LEADS.     To  give  best  results,    the    "  leads  " 
used   by  electrotypers  for  moulding  and    polishing  should  possess 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  65 


different  characteristics  in  order  to  prevent  sticking  or  slipping  of 
the  work,  the  moulding  lead  should  be  slightly  asperous,  while  polish- 
ing lead  should  be  of  high  purity,  in  order  to  insure  proper  electrical 
conductivity,  and  great  spreading  and  covering  power.  In  the  past 
it  has  been  found  necessary  to  "  dope  "  natural  graphite  to  meet 
some  of  the  requirements  of  this  field,  but  now  the  electric  furnace 
process,  operated  by  the  International  Acheson  Graphite  Co., 
makes  "  leads  "  that  possess  the  varied  qualities,  their  individual 
value  being  obtained  through  the  use  of  different  raw  materials, 
in  the  production  of  each  lead. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

ELEVATING   AND   CONVEYING   MACHINERY.     For  ore,   coal, 
coke,  etc.     Made  entirely  of  steel  to  insure  special  strength. 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ELEVATORS  AND  AGITATORS  OF  STONE-WARE.     For  lifting 
and  stirring  acids,  can  be  worked  either  by  steam  or  compressed  air; 
very  simple  and  efficient  apparatus. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

ENAMELED  WARE  OF  CAST  IRON.  For  chemical  purposes, 
made  by  the  most  prominent  German  manufacturers.  The  enamel 
is  thoroughly  acid-proof  and  can  be  subjected  to  high  temperature. 
Very  convenient  for  all  kinds  of  chemical  manufacturers;  color  and 
varnish  works.  The  fact  that  this  enamel  sticks  firmly  to  cast  iron 
allows  of  the  construction  of  even  the  largest  apparatus,  such  as 
all  kinds  of  kettles,  stills,  vats,  and  stirring  apparatus,  etc.  Cata- 
logs and  samples  gladly  furnished. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

ENAMELED  WARE  OF  CAST  IRON.     Steam- jacketed  kettles, 
etc. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

ENAMELING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Posi- 
tive. 

ENAMELING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Enameling. 

ENGINES.  Simple,  engines,  tandem-compound,  or  cross-com- 
pound, condensing  or  non-condensing,  direct-connected,  belt  or 
rope  drive,  or  geared.  Cylinders  fitted  with  either  piston  or  Corliss 
valves.  Reversing  engines,  either  direct-connected  or  geared, 
twin-cylinder.  Cross-compound,  or  twin  tandem-compound.  Blow- 
ing engines  (horizontal  or  vertical),  simple  or  cross-compound. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ENGINES.     See  Gas  Engines  and  Steam  Engines. 


66          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

EUREKA  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Eureka  Mill. 

EVAPORATING  DISHES.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  all  sizes 
and  shapes;  can  be  made  with  spouts  and  handles  if  desired. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

EVAPORATING   PANS.     Graham   chemical   stoneware   pans   for 
evaporating  corrosive  solutions  are  made  in  various  stock  sizes  and 
can  be  furnished  to  order  in  any  sizes.     Guaranteed  chemical  proof 
and  of  superior  heat-resistance. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

EVAPORATING  PANS,  shallow  or  deep  form  of  stone-ware  or 
cast-iron  enameled  ware. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

EVAPORATING  PANS.  Fused  silica,  for  the  concentration  of 
sulphuric  and  other  acids  by  the  well-known  cascade  processes. 
Entirely  acid-proof,  and  can  be  subjected  to  the  direct  heat  of  the 
furnace  without  danger  of  breakage.  (See  also  Quartz,  fused  in 
part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

EVAPORATING  PANS.     See  also  Castings,  Chemical. 

EVAPORATING  POTS.     Specially  designed  to  resist  the  action  of 
caustic  or  acids.     A  specialty  made  of  castings  from  blue  prints 
furnished  by  designers,  engineers,  and  superintendents.     Plans  or 
estimates  furnished  for  complete  acid  and  chemical  plants. 
— BETHLEHEM  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  SOUTH  BETHLEHEM,  PA. 

EVAPORATING  POTS.  These  pots  as  well  as  retorts  and  pans  for 
acids  and  alkalies  are  made  of  the  purest  iron,  with  additions  neces- 
sary to  make  the  iron  resist  the  action  of  corrosive  chemicals. 
Special  methods  of  moulding  produce  a  kettle  of  great  smoothness, 
which  is  essential  for  a  large  output  of  caustic  material.  Pots 
made  by  this  company  have  turned  out  over  2500  tons  of  caustic 
soda. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

EVAPORATORS.  Apparatus  usually  operated  under  a  vacuum 
in  which  all  kinds  of  dilute  liquors  are  economically  concentrated  by 
means  of  steam  at  low  pressure — usually  exhaust  steam.  Built  in 
any  number  of  units  or  effects,  although  the  practical  limit  for  most 
liquors  has  been  found  to  be  a  quadruple  effect.  This  limit  depends 
entirely  upon  the  nature  of  the  liquor  and  the  amount  of  steam  available. 
The  economy  of  evaporators  lies  in  the  repeated  use  of  the  latent  heat 
in  the  steam,  and  the  amount  necessary  is  approximately  inversely 
proportional  to  the  number  of  effects.  A  pound  of  steam,  will  evaporate 
(roughly)  five  times  as  much  water  in  a  quadruple  effect  as  in  an  open 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  67 

tank.  Each  effect  contains  tubular  heating  surfaces  in  which  the 
steam  coming  from  the  previous  effect  is  condensed.  The  heat  liberated 
by  this  condensation  produces  an  equal  amount  of  evaporation  and  the 
steam  formed  is  in  turn  condensed  in  the  succeeding  effect.  This 
repeated  use  of  the  steam  is  possible  because  of  the  successive  reduced 
pressures  and  consequently  lower  boiling  points  in  the  successive  effects. 

EVAPORATORS,  BADGER.  Single  and  multiple-effect  evapora- 
tors for  extracts  of  all  kinds.  The  great  variety  of  liquors  requiring 
evaporation  makes  necessary  the  use  of  particular  types  of  apparatus 
in  each  particular  case.  Particular  attention  paid  in  the  design 
to  the  proper  proportioning  of  the  different  parts  with  reference  to 
each  other.  High  economy  as  regards  cost  of  operation  and  a  large 
amount  of  product  in  unit  of  time.  These  evaporators  are  made  for 
all  purposes. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

EVAPORATORS,  BAEUERLE  AND  MORRIS.  Multiple-effect 
vacuum  evaporators.  Our  evaporators  are  of  the  short  vertical  tube 
type  with  tubes  expanded  into  tube  sheets  at  both  ends  and  liquor 
circulating  through  inside  of  tubes.  By  this  arrangement  of  tubes 
all  glands,  stuffing  boxes  and  rubber  gaskets,  etc.,  are  avoided  and 
no  trouble  from  leaking  tubes  is  experienced.  Design  gives  a  very 
rapid  circulation  of  material  to  be  evaporated  and  if  necessary  allows 
for  an  easy  cleaning  by  mechanical  means  as  each  tube  is  four  feet 
or  less  long  and  can  be  cleaned  with  a  wire  brush  or  scraper.  Shells 
and  heating  surfaces  are  made  from  material  best  suited  for  desired 
service. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA. 

EVAPORATORS,  BUFFALO  FOUNDRY.  Single,  double,  triple 
and  multiple  effect  evaporators  of  cast  iron,  copper,  bronze  and  of 
special  materials.  Steam  jacketed,  coil  type,  or  both;  also  with 
agitators,  if  desired.  Evaporators  with  a  large  outlet  at  the  bottom 
for  heavy  materials.  Our  evaporators  are  fitted  with  surface, 
barometric  or  jet  condensers  and  wet  or  dry  vacuum  pumps,  accord- 
ing to  the  conditions  they  are  required  to  operate  under. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

EVAPORATORS,  DOPP  VACUUM.  Consist  of  cast-iron  seamless 
steam- jacketed  kettles  forming  the  bottom  half,  upon  which  is 
mounted  a  dome,  also  seamless,  the  two  being  bolted  together  with 
packing  between.  By  means  of  a  stuffing  box,  a  mixing  device  can 
be  introduced.  By  means  of  a  suitable  piping,  it  is  connected  to  a 
condenser  and  vacuum  pump.  This  apparatus  is  used  for  evapor- 
ating, distilling,  refining,  mixing  and  drying  a  variety  of  materials 
in  vacuo.  They  range  in  size,  total  contents,  from  ten  to  one  thous- 
and gallons. 
— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

EVAPORATORS,  FALLER.     Single  and  multiple-effect  vacuum 
evaporators  for  great  varieties  of  liquors.     The  chief  advantages  of 


68          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

our  "  Rapid  "  evaporators,  aside  from  the  fuel  economy,  consist 
in  the  ease  and  rapidity  of  working,  uniformity  of  product  with 
varying  liquors  and  the  control  possible  at  all  times.  The  process  is 
principally  automatic,  less  labor  and  practically  no  skill  in  handling 
being  required.  The  quadruple-effect  "  Rapid  "  evaporator,  es- 
pecially designed  for  the  manufacture  of  salt  embodies  other  qualities 
of  undisputed  superiority,  such  as  the  ability  to  produce  both,  fine 
and  coarse  grained  crystals,  which  are  removed  from  the  pans  in  a 
dry  state  (containing  not  over  5%  moisture);  ready  for  packing. 
Complete  elimination  of  gypsum  or  other  scales  on  heating  surfaces, 
without  previous  treatment  of  brine.  Highest  efficiency  guaranteed. 
— RAPID  EVAPORATOR  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

EVAPORATORS,  KESSLER,  for  Sulphuric  acid  concentration. 
See  Sulphuric  Concentration. 

EVAPORATORS,  KESTNER  FILM.  Operates  on  the  principle  of 
film  evaporation.  The  design  is  such  that  the  film  is  forced  to  cling 
to  the  heating  surface  independent  of  gravity,  instead  of  being 
forced  away  from  the  hot  surface  by  the  steam  disengaged.  This 
means  a  highly  effective  use  of  the  heating  surface  and  the  possi- 
bility of  concentration  to  the  desired  degree  in  one  passage  through 
the  tubes.  Over  650  pans  are  at  present  in  successful  operation, 
treating  a  great' variety  of  materials. 
— KESTNER  EVAPORATOR  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

EVAPORATORS,  REILLY  MULTICOIL.  The  heating  surface  is 
of  copper  tube  coiled  to  a  small  radius,  which  tubes  being  secured  by 
ground  union  joints  are  readily  removable  through  the  large  man- 
hole door  in  the  shell  of  evaporator.  The  construction  offers  pe- 
culiar advantages  for  cleaning  the  interior  of  the  evaporator,  for 
removing  salt  or  other  solid  deposits,  or  renewing  tubes  in  case  of 
corrosion  from  use  for  evaporating  or  concentrating  liquids  which 
affect  the  metal.  Plants  are  furnished  of  single  or  multiple  effect, 
as  required,  and  efficiencies  can  be  obtained  up  to  the  limit  of  practi- 
cal possibilities. 
— THE  GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

EVAPORATORS,    STOKES    VACUUM.     Either    copper    or    iron 
vacuum  pans  or  stills,  from  25  gallons  capacity  upwards.     Single  or 
multiple-effect  vertical  evaporators  for  concentrating  various  solu- 
tions. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

EVAPORATORS,  SWENSON  TYPE,  and  other  styles  for  concen- 
trating any  kind  of  dilute  liquor.  Over  500  of  our  evaporators  now 
in  use  for  caustic  soda,  black  liquor,  distilling  waste,  tankwaters  of  all 
kinds,  beet  and  cane  juice,  glucose,  packing  house  liquors,  extracts, 
glue,  "  spent  "  lye  and  other  solutions  and  liquid  waste  of  many 
kinds.  Designs  submitted  for  any  proposition  and  estimates  pre- 
pared as  to  the  saving  possible  through  the  use  of  an  evaporator. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  69 


For  general  purposes,  our  standard  Swenson  type  is  the  best  known 
and  most  widely  used  equipment.  Heavy  cast  iron,  bronze,  copper 
or  steel  construction  with  any  type  of  heating  surface.  Swenson 
pans  have  the  tubes  secured  by  removable  packing  plates  and 
elastic  gaskets,  making  it  possible  to  easily  make  repairs  with 
ordinary  labor.  No  moving  parts,  such  as  floats,  to  get  out  of  order 
and  no  tubes  to  clog  up  and  reduce  capacity.  The  liquor  surrounds 
the  tubes  which  are  always  completely  submerged,  thus  preventing 
burning  on  same.  Perfect  circulation  assisted  when  occasion  de- 
mands by  properly  proportioned  downtake.  Liquor  always  in 
sight  and  final  density  easily  controlled  and  maintained  at  any 
desired  point.  Concentration  all  effected  in  one  passage  through 
the  evaporator.  Swenson  effects  are  easiest  to  keep  in  a  highly 
efficient  condition  and  to  clean  and  are  simplest  in  operation. 
Everything  easily  understood  by  ordinary  labor;  "  the  $1.50  per  day" 
kind  being  generally  employed  to  run  our  evaporators.  Simplicity 
in  design,  heavy  construction,  and  absence  of  moving  parts,  all 
assist  in  keeping  repair  expense  at  a  minimum.  Special  provision 
made  to  guard  against  loss  by  entrainment  or  foaming  by  means  of 
internal  or  external  catchalls  and  added  vapor  space.  Salts  and 
other  solids  precipitated  or  deposited  during  the  boiling,  taken  care 
of  in  the  design.  Single  and  multiple  effects  built  for  capacities  up 
to  15,000  gallons  per  hour.  Among  the  advantages  of  the  Swenson 
system  are: — superior  efficiency  of  horizontal  heating  surfaces — 
low  liquor  depth  and  consequently  a  uniformly  low  temperature 
throughout  same — rapid  evaporation  and  short  time  during  which 
the  liquor  is  in  evaporator — no  pumping  of  liquors  between  effects — 
accessibility  of  all  working  parts — ability  to  finish  a  small  batch — 
large  boiling  surface  and  vapor  space  above  same,  reducing  possi- 
bility of  entrainment  losses — positive  circulation — higher  density 
than  with  any  other  type — steam  fully  condensed  insuring  maximum 
economy,  and  small  head  room  necessary.  Propositions  made  upon 
receipt  of  complete  information  on  quantity  and  nature  of  liquor 
to  be  handled,  impurities  in  solution  or  suspension,  boiling  pe- 
culiarities, amount  of  precipitation  limiting  densities,  etc. 
— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  COMPANY,  CHICAGO,  ILL.,  (Formerly 
American  Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 

EVAPORATORS,  ZAREMBA.  The  gi;eat  variety  of  liquors 
and  of  the  circumstances  met  with  in  practice  make  imperative 
the  use  of  particular  types  of  apparatus  in  particular  cases.  This 
concern  of  evaporator  engineers  recommends  one  of  six  general 
types. 

Type  1. — For  ordinary  work: — Zaremba  patent  evaporator 
consisting  of  a  vertically  cylindrical  shell  fitted  with  horizontal  tubes 
submerged  in  the  liquor  to  be  concentrated.  Steam  inside  the  tubes. 
This  machine  is  the  simplest  in  make-up  and  operation,  and  the 
most  economical  in  maintenance  on  the  market.  Built  in  sizes  from 
150  gallons  to  15,000  gallons  per  day. 

Type  2. — For  liquors  tending  to  produce  bad  deposits  on  the 
heating  surface :— vertically  cylindrical  shell  with  vertical  tubes. 


70          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

having  the  liquor  inside  the  pan.  Large  annular  downtake.  Rapid 
circulation  largely  prevents  deposits,  which  in  case  of  evaporation 
can  be  readily  removed  without  interfering  with  the  machine. 

Type  3. — For  liquors  from  which  crystals  are  precipitated  during 
concentration,  such  as  electrolytic  salt  caustic: — Pans  similar  to 
Type  2,  but  fitted  with  coned  bottoms  for  catching  the  precipitated 
crystals,  from  which  they  are  passed  to  vacuum  filters  underneath. 
Crystals  can  be  washed  clean  from  liquor  and  removed  from  filter 
without  interfering  with  operation  of  evaporator. 

Type  4. — For  extra  high  concentration  of  liquors: — Mantius 
high  concentrator  working  under  high  vacuum  with  steam  at  ordinary 
boiler  pressure.  Can  be  used  for  almost  any  liquor. 

Type  5.  For  foaming  liquors  and  such  as  can  not  stand  high 
temperatures: — liquors  passed  rapidly  through  horizontal  tubes  with 
very  short  exposure  to  heat.  All  difficulties  due  to  foaming  entirely 
eliminated. 

Type  6: — For  manufacture  of  salt  from  brine: — Mantius  super- 
heating evaporator,  which  makes  impossible  any  deposit  of  gypsum 
or  salt  on  the  heating  surface.  No  previous  treatment  of  the  brine 
necessary.  Can  work  in  quadruple  effect  using  exhaust  steam  only. 
Cleaning  can  be  performed  without  stopping  operations. 

These  apparatus  represent  the  best  results  of  old  practice  combined 
with  latest  practical  improvements.  Where  design  permits,  anti- 
quated types  of  apparatus  are  fitted  with  these  improvements. 
Inquiries  specially  solicited  with  reference  to  difficult  evaporator 
work. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

EVAPORATORS,     EXHAUSTER     OR     BLOWERS     FOR.     See 

Blowers,  Piqua  Positive;  also  Exhausters. 

EXCELSIOR  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Excelsior  Mill 

EXHAUST  FANS.     See  also  Blowers. 

EXHAUSTERS.     Air  or  Gas.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

EXHAUSTERS.  Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  for  expelling  gases, 
can  also  be  used  in  absorbing  and  condensing  plants.  Are  driven 
either  by  belt  or  electric  motor.  Exhausters  tested  50%  in  excess 
of  their  rated  speed.  In  5  sizes  from  a  capacity  of  426  cu.  ft.  per 
minute,  to  6372  cu.  ft.  per  minute.  These  exhausters  in  the  larger 
sizes  can  be  had  with  iron  casing  if  desired. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

EXHAUSTERS.  Chemical-stoneware  exhaust-fans  in  three  sizes, 
handling  50,  510  and  2600  cubic  feet  per  minute,  respectively. 
Most  practical  ventilating  device  for  handling  corrosive  gases,  as  all 
working  parts  are  constructed  of  non-corrosive  material.  Each  fan 
tested  at  twice  operating  speed  before  shipment.  Fans  are  supplied 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  71 


complete  with  iron  work  and  tight   pulley,   ready  for  operation. 

Full  description  in  catalog. 

—CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

EXHAUSTERS.     Rotary  Positive  for  air  or  gas,  large  variety  of 
sizes  from  3  cubic  feet  per  minute  up  and  for  maintaining  6  or  8 
pounds  vacuum. 
— THE  PIQUA  BLOWER  COMPANY,  PIQUA,  OHIO. 

EXHAUSTERS.  Of  stone- ware  of  the  latest  and  most  improved 
style;  especially  suited  for  dealing  with  large  quantities  of  air  and 
acid  vapors,  etc.  No  corrosion;  made  for  belt  driving  or  for  driving 
by  electric  motors;  made  in  four  different  sizes  for  4,  6,  8,  and  12  pipe 
connection. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

EXHAUSTERS  and  Compressors  for  Creating  Vacuum.  Are  con- 
structed of  lead,  brass  and  iron,  with  platinum,  steam  nozzle, 
operated  by  steam,  water,  air,  oil,  etc.,  and  used  for  rarefying 
creosoting  tanks,  priming  centrifugal  pumps,  lifting  acids  (without 
diluting)  oxidizing  caustic  liquors,  agitating  liquors  by  forcing  air 
into  them,  distillation  of  fats,  oils,  etc.,  under  vacuum,  bleaching 
palm  oil,  etc.  The  admissible  vacuum  and  counter  pressure  to 
•which  these  apparatus  are  constructed  is  a  rarefaction  up  to  20  inches 
of  mercury  and  above,  or  a  counter  pressure  up  to  1/7  of  the  steam 
pressure.  This  apparatus  may  be  placed  horizontally  or  vertically, 
discharging  upwards,  downwards  or  horizontally.  Made  in  ten 
standard  sizes  ranging  in  capacity  of  from  100  to  60,000  cubic  feet 
of  air  per  hour.  Catalog  EE-4,  PP-4  and  QQ-4. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,   PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 

EXPANSION  JOINTS,  ATWOOD.  Provision  must  be  made  in 
pipe  lines  subject  to  changes  of  temperature  to  allow  proper  expan- 
sion and  contraction  without  undue  strain.  Pipe  bends  of  liberal 
radii  are  most  satisfactory  as  they  require  no  attention.  Swivel 
joints  may  be  used  when  a  line  need  not  be  straight  and  balanced  or 
unbalanced  packed  joints  for  straightway  work.  Unless  installed 
with  great  care,  unbalanced  joints  for  high  pressure  steam  are 
dangerous. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co,.  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

FEED  WATER  HEATERS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

FEED  WATER  HEATERS,  REILLY  MULTICOIL.  These  heaters 
are  of  tubular  type,  the  heating  surface  being  formed  of  copper  tubes 
coiled  to  a  small  radius,  through  which  the  water  circulates.  The 
length  of  the  travel  through  each  tube  insures  an  equal  flow  of  water 
and  the  highest  possible  terminal  temperatures.  The  feature  of  the 
Reilly  apparatus  is  the  attachment  of  the  coils  by  ground  union 


72          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

joints  of  bronze,  and  the  provision  of  a  large  door  in  the  shell  of  the 

heater,  by  which  the  coils  may  be  inspected  or  removed  in  a  few 

moments. 

— THE  GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FEED  WATER  PURIFIER.     Tri-sodium  phosphate  for  softening 
water.     Removes  scale  and  prevents  incrustations  in  boilers. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL., 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-ALLOYS.     Alloys  of  iron  with  special  elements,  for  use  in 
steel  refining  and  in  the  manufacture  of  special  steels. 

FERRO-BORON. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 

FERRO-CHROME. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 
— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-CHROME.     65  to  70%  of  the  usual  and  of  the  lowest 
carbon    contents.     General    sales    agents   for    products    of    Electro 
Metallurgical  Co.,  New  York. 
— E.  J.  LAVINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FERRO-CHROME.     Free   from    carbon.     In    nuggets.     "  Ruth- 
lock  "  Brand. 

MARCUS  RUTHENBERG,  LONDON. 

FERRO-CHROME.     Ordinary   65-72%    Cr,    with   4-6%,    6-8%, 
8-10%  C.     Mild  X,  60-65%  Cr,  with  £-1%  C.     Mild  XX,  65-70% 
Cr,  with  1*%  C. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERROINCLAVE  is  a  sheet  steel  with  dovetail  corrugations  which 
are  inversely  tapered,  and  is  used  as  a  reinforcement  for  concrete 
roofs,  floors,  sidewalls,  partitions,  stairs,  coal  bins,  highway  bridges, 
culverts,  tanks,  silos,  etc. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

FERRO-MANQANESE. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-MANQANESE.     Our  grade  contains  from  80%  to  85% 
manganese. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

FERRO-MANQANESE.     Standard  80%  grade.     Also  85  to  90% 
carbon  less  ferro-manganese. 
— E.  J.  LAVINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  73 

FERRO-MANQANESE.     80-85%    Mn,    with    6-7%    C.     Lumps, 
also  ground.     Refined  X  85-90%  Mn  with  2-3%  C. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-MANQANESE.     Free  from  carbon.     In  nuggets,  "  Ruth- 
lock  "  brand. 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

FERRO-MOLYBDEN  UM. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS   &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-MOLYBDENUM.     75  to  85%.     Low  in  carbon. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FERRO-MOLYBDENUM.     Regular,  50%,  70-75%,  80-90%,  Mo, 
with  3%  C.  and  0.10%  S.     Refined  X,  75-80%  Mo,  with  1%  C. 
and  0.05%  S. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-MOLYBDENUM.     Free  from  carbon  "  Ruthlock  "  brand. 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

FERRO-NICKEL  Wire.     See  Wire. 

FERRO-PHOSPHORUS.     20  to  25%. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FERRO-PHOSPHORUS. 

— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-PHOSPHORUS.     15-20%,  23-25%  P. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-SILICON. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

— ^GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co..  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-SILICON.      Grades  from  50  to  75%.      50%  ferro-silicon 
always  in  stock  for  immediate  delivery.     General  sales    agents   for 
products  of  Electro  Metallurgical  Co.,  New  York. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FERRO-SILICON.     Electric  furnace    make,     25-30%;     50-60%; 
70-80%;  90-95%  Si.     Low  in  carbon,  phosphorous  and  sulphur. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-SILICON.     See  also  Silicon  and  Carborundum. 


74          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FERRO-SILICON-ALUMINIUM.     Our  alloy  contains  42  to  45% 
silicon  and  13  to  16%  aluminium,  and  is  a  valuable  deoxidizing  agent 
in  iron  and  steel  work. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-TANTALUM. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 

FERRO-TITANIUM.  (20-25%  Ti.)  Registered  trade-mark 
"  Thermit  ".  Free  from  carbon,  technically  free  from  iron  and 
used  as  an  alloy  for  steel. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-TITANIUM. 

— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-TITANIUM.     20-25%  Ti,  with  low  or  high  carbon  con- 
tents. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-TUNQSTEN.     See  also  Scheelite. 

FERRO-TUNQSTEN.     For  high-speed  steels,  tool  steel,  etc.,  and 
steel  where  great  strength  and  toughness  is  required. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

FERRO-TUNQSTEN.     80  to  85%.     Low  in  carbon. 
— E.  J.  LAVINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FERRO-TUNQSTEN.  Regular,  50%,  70-75%,  80-90%  W, 
with  2.50-3.00%  C.  Refined  X,  80-85%  W,  with  0 . 15  to  0 . 50  %  C. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-TUNQSTEN.     50%  W,  50  Fe. 

— MARCUS  RUTHENBERG,  LONDON. 

FERRO-VANADIUM.  (30  to  40%  Vanadium.)  Commercially 
free  from  carbon.  Is  being  extensively  used  for  alloying  with  steel 
and  iron,  imparting  remarkable  strength  and  wearing  qualities 
to  the  metal  and  increasing  its  resistance  to  deterioration  from  shock 
and  impact. 
— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FERRO-VANADIUM. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 

FERRO-VANADIUM.  (25%  Va.)  Registered  trade-mark  "Ther- 
mit." Produced  free  from  carbon  by  the  aluminothermic  process. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  75 

Particularly  advantageous  for  alloying  in  small  quantities  with  steel, 
as  steel  so  treated  possesses  greater  power    to  resist  fatigue. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-VANADIUM.     25  to  30%.     Carbonless. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FERRO-VANADIUM. 

— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FERRO-VANADIUM.     10  to  15%  and  20  to  30%. 
— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

FERRO-VANADIUM.     30-35%  V,  0.75  to  1%  Si,  Al  and  C. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FILTER  FOR  MINERAL  WATER  WORKS.     Of  acid  resisting 
stoneware. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

FILTER  PRESS.  Consists  of  a  series  of  chambers  formed  either 
by  recessed  plates  or  by  flush  plates  with  frames  between  them.  Is 
used  for  the  rapid  separation  of  solids  from  liquids  under  pressure  for 
the  recovery  of  either  or  both. 

FILTER  PRESS.  For  metallurgical  and  experimental  work. 
For  extraction  of  gold  solutions  from  slimes.  Our  hydraulic  closing 
slime  press  is  of  the  flush  plate  and  division  frame  type  and  contains 
the  best  features  of  the  foreign  type  of  press  so  successfully  used  for 
the  treating  and  washing  of  slimes.  We  also  build  special  filter 
presses  for  the  separation  of  precipitates  in  the  chlorination  process 
and  for  the  separation  of  zinc  dust  precipitates  in  the  cyanide  pro- 
cess; also  a  press  for  cleaning  up  of  zinc  slimes  from  precipitating 
boxes  in  the  cyanide  process,  and  a  press  for  general  quick  separa- 
tion of  solids  held  in  suspension  and  drying  of  same  into  solid  cakes. 
Filter  presses  with  square  plates  and  frames  and  with  round  recessed 
plates. 
— WILLIAM  R.  PERRIN  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

FILTER  PRESS,  SH RIVER.  Made  in  all  types,  for  all  purposes. 
Chambers  made  of  cast  iron,  bronze,  aluminium,  hard  lead  or  wood. 
Jacketed  presses  for  filtering  liquids  at  high  or  low  temperatures. 
The  pyramid  drainage  surface  on  plates  gives  highest  efficiency. 
Quick  opening  and  closing  devices  saves  time  in  operating.  Ac- 
curate machine  work  on  the  joint  surfaces  insures  tight  joints. 
Highest  grade  castings  used  and  best  workmanship. 
— T.  SHRIVER  &  Co.,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

FILTER  PRESS.  Sperry's  patent  improved  filter  press  is  equipped 
with  a  plate  that  differs  radically  from  all  others.  The  radial 


76          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

grooves  lead  the  liquid  directly  to  the  outlet.  Being  deep  and 
rounded  where  they  touch  the  cloth  and  of  proper  cross-section,  the 
hug  of  the  cloth  cannot  close  the  passage.  They  eliminate  need  of 
perforated  metal.  Save  50%  in  wear  of  cloths,  produce  a  dryer 
cake,  and  are  very  rapid. 
— D.  R.  SPERRY  &  Co.,  BATAVIA,  ILL. 

FILTER,  SLIMES.   Exclusive  owners  of  the  Moore  process.     Has 
made  fine  grinding  (all  sliming)  the  universally  adopted  method  of 
ore  treatment,  and  has  revolutionized  the  old  leaching  method. 
— THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FILTER,  SUCTION.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  all  sizes  and 
shapes,  both  for  manufacturing  purposes  and  laboratory  use. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

FILTER,  SUCTION,  STONEWARE.     In  all  sizes  with  perforated 
diaphragm,    for    quick    filtration.     Of    best    chemical    stoneware, 
guaranteed    proof    against    muriatic,    nitric    and    sulphuric    acids, 
chlorine,  etc.,  etc. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

FILTER,  SUCTION.    Of  stoneware,  cylindrical  or  conical  shape, 
with  tightly  ground-in  strainers.     Have  given  general  satisfaction  on 
account  of  their  suitable  construction  and  great  durability. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

FINE  CRUSHER.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Crusher. 

FIREARMS  LUBRICANT.  Finely  ground,  unctuous  Acheson 
graphite,  grade  "  1340,"  is  the  only  suitable  lubricant  available 
for  high-power  rifles,  as  it  is  non-volatile  and  infusible.  It  reduces 
friction  and  metallic  fouling,  prevents  erosion,  assuring  greater 
range  and  increased  accuracy,  while  greatly  prolonging  the  life  of 
the  gun  barrel. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

FIRE  BRICK.     See  Brick  Fire. 

FIRE  CLAY. 

— THE  ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 
(See  also  Brick,  Fire,  and  Refractories.) 

FIRE  CLAY.     Giound. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FIRE  SAND.     See  Carborundum  Fire  Sand. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  77 


FLOUR   MILL   Machinery.     Has   revolutionized   the   milling  in- 
dustry. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

FLUORSPAR.      Kentucky  and  Illinois.     Lump;  washed  gravel; 
unwashed  gravel. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FLUORSPAR. 

— PENN  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FLUX.     Granulated    chloride    of    zinc    for    brass,    copper,    and 
aluminium  founders. 
— SANDOVAL  ZINC  Co.,  EAST  ST.  Louis,  ILL. 

FLY  WHEELS. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FORGE  FURNACE.     See  Furnace  Forge. 

FORGE   FURNACE   BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,   Piqua   Positive. 

FORGE  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

FOUNDRY  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

FOUNDRY  PRACTICE  WITH  THERMIT.  (1)  The  thermit  reac- 
tion (see  "  Aluminothermics  ")  provides  a  ready  means  of  intro- 
ducing in  an  iron  ladle  a  material  which  will  stir  up  or  pole  the 
entire  contents  of  the  ladle  and  at  the  same  time  produce  an  in- 
creased temperature.  For  this  purpose  the  thermit  is  placed  in 
cylindrical  cans  with  a  sleeve  in  the  middle,  suitable  for  passing  on 
an  iron  rod.  The  iron  rod  is  held  under  the  surface  of  the  metal, 
where  the  reaction  takes  place.  By  this  means  the  iron  is  pre- 
vented from  getting  too  dull  to  pour.  It  also  helps  the  foundryman 
to  make  so-called  "  semi-steel  "  castings  in  the  ladle,  by  assisting 
him  in  properly  distributing  the  steel  while  in  the  state  of  fusion. 
(2)  The  thermit  reaction  offers  a  convenient  means  of  purifying  the 
iron  in  the  ladle,  by  reducing  the  harmful  presence  of  nitrogen  in  the 
molten  metal.  A  special  thermit,  consisting  of  pulverized  aluminium 
and  a  titanium  iron  oxide,  is  made  up  in  solid  form,  in  cylindrical 
cans,  as  described  in  (1).  The  titanium  set  free  during  the  reaction 
is  insufficient  to  alloy  with  the  iron,  but  quite  adequate  to  combine 
with  the  nitrogen  in  the  ladle,  forming  a  cyanonitride  of  titanium. 
During  this  formation,  the  entire  contents  of  the  ladle  are  stirred  up 
and  give  the  gases  an  opportunity  to  escape.  The  iron  will  be 
somewhat  hotter  and  distinctly  more  fluid,  and  the  castings  made 
from  this  iron  will  be  distinguished  by  greater  density  of  grain- 
being  especially  adapted  for  castings  having  to  stand  pressure,  such 
as  cylinders,  valves,  etc.  (3)  The  property  of  the  thermit  reaction 


78          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

to  increase  the  temperature  of  liquid  iron  or  steel  under  which  it  is 
submerged,  is  utilized  to  decrease  the  size  of  the  risers  of  steel 
castings.  The  thermit,  placed  in  suitable  cans,  is  held  in  the  neck 
of  the  riser,  which  is  thus  kept  in  a  liquid  state  for  a  longer  time  and 
facilitates  the  proper  feeding  of  the  casting.  The  same  principle  is 
applied  very  successfully  to  reduce  the  size  of  lost  heads  of  steel 
ingots. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FOUNDRY  SUPPLIES. 

— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD- 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT,  MICH. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FOUNDRY  SUPPLIES.     Special  high-grade  moulding  clay. 
— LACLEDE  CHRISTY  CLAY  PRODUCTS  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

FREQUENCY  CHANGERS.     Westinghouse  motor    generator  and 
frequency-changing  sets  for  transforming  current  supply  to  meet  all 
special  processes. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FRUE  VANNERS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

FULLER  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

FULLER'S  EARTH. 

— E.  J.  LAVINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FUNNELS.     Of  hard  rubber. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FUNNELS  AND  PERCOLATORS.     Of  stoneware  in   all     styles 
and  sizes,  also  provided  with  stop  cock. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

FUNNELS,  SAFETY.     Made  of  acid-proof  stoneware  in  various 
sizes  and  styles;   these  funnels  are  so  shaped   that  liquid  poured 
through  them  forms  a  seal. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

FURNACES,     ANNEALING.     Electrically    operated;     absolutely 
uniform   temperature,   perfect  control,   absence  of  all   products  of 
combustion.     For  small  metal  work  and  lenses. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  79 

FURNACES,  ANNEALING.  Built  in  all  sizes  for  oil  or  gas  fuel 
and  constructed  in  such  a  manner  that  a  perfect  uniform  and  con- 
trollable temperature  may  be  maintained  throughout  the  chamber. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,   ANNEALING,    REVOLVING  TYPE.     For  all  small 

pieces  of  like  dimensions  such  as  cartridge  shells,  eyelets,  ferrules, 
buttons,  caps,  cups,  coin  blanks,  rivets,  bolts,  etc.,  three  sizes:  500, 
1,000  and  1,500  pounds  capacities  per  hour.     Catalog  2. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  ANNEALING,  STATIONARY  TYPES.  For  brass  and 
copper  rolling  mills,  wire  mills,  aluminium  works,  malleable  iron 
works,  steel  foundries,  bolt  and  nut  works,  cartridge  factories,  silver 
ware,  mint  work,  electrical  work,  automobile  parts  and  material 
of  every  kind  and  shape  in  all  lines  of  manufacture.  Revolving 
furnace  for  automatic  annealing. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  ANNEALING  STATIONARY  TYPES.  For  brass  and 
copper  rolling  mills,  wire  mills,  aluminium  works,  malleable  iron 
works,  steel  foundries,  bolt  and  nut  works,  cartridge  factories, 
silverware,  mint  work,  electrical  work,  automobile  parts  and 
material  of  every  kind  and  shape  in  all  lines  of  manufacture.  Re- 
volving furnace  for  automatic  annealing. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,    ANNEALING    REVOLVING   TYPE.     For  all   small 
pieces  of  like  dimensions  such  as  cartridge  shells,  eyelets,  ferrules, 
buttons,  caps,  cups,  coin  blanks,  rivets,  bolts,  etc.,  three  sizes:  500, 
1,000  and  1,500  pounds  capacities  per  hour.     Catalog  2. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  ANNEALING. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  BARIUM-CHLORIDE.     For  the  treatment  of  high- 
speed steel,  etc.     These  furnaces  are  built  in  several  sizes  of  cruciole 
for  a  wide  range  of  work.     Can  be  fired  with  oil  fuel. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  BLAST.  For  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  ores. 
Pioneers  and  long  specialists  in  the  design  and  construction  of  water 
jacket  blast  furnaces,  hot  and  cold  blast,  and  designers  and  builders 
of  complete  smelting  plants.  Catalog  "  Some  details  as  to  smelting 
practice  and  equipments." 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

FURNACES,  BRAZING.     Electrically  operated.     For  tubes  and 
rods  of  brass,  copper  and  steel. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 


80          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FURNACES,  BRAZING. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,    BRAZING.     For   brass,    copper    and    steel    tubing, 
trolley  wire,  copper  smith's  work,  etc.,  all  styles  and  sizes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,    BRAZING.     For   brass,    copper   and    steel    tubing, 
trolley  wire,  copper  smith's  work,  etc.,  all  styles  and  sizes. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,   CARBONIZING.     For  the  carbonization  of  electric 
lamp  filaments,  etc.     Uniform  and  controllable  temperature  to  in- 
sure perfect  results  are  secured  by  gas  or  oil  fuel.     These  furnaces 
are  made  in  several  sizes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  CASE-HARDENING.     For  engine,  automobile,  gun 
and  all  other  kind's  of  work.     All  sizes  and  styles. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  CUPEL.     Electrically     operated,     producing     high 
temperatures  by  resistance,  no  combustion.      For  cupel  work  in  assay 
laboratories  and  in  mints. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  CUPEL. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  CUPEL.     For  assaying  and  mint  work.     All  sizes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC.  Quartz-lined,  which  permits  to  heat  it 
up  quickly  without  danger  of  cracking  its  interior,  for  hardening 
small  tools,  determining  the  recalescent  po:nts  of  steel  and  general 
laboratory  work.  Used  preferably  in  connection  with  the  Bristol 
recording  pyrometer. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC  STEEL.  GI  ROD  TYPE.  Belongs  to  the 
class  of  arc  furnaces.  One  or  more  electrodes  (all  of  the  same 
polarity)  suspended  from  the  top  are  connected  to  one  terminal 
of  the  electric  circuit.  The  current  passes  from  this  electrode  or 
these  electrodes  in  form  of  arcs  into  the  slag,  then  into  the  molten 
steel  bath  below  and  then  into  soft-steel  blocks  embedded  in  the 
bottom  of  the  furnace  and  water-cooled  from  the  outside.  These 
steel-blocks  form  the  other  terminal  of  the  electric  circuit  and  are 
very  durable.  Since  the  carbon  electrode  at  the  top  does  not  come 
into  contact  with  the  fused  metal,  and  since  the  bottom  terminal 
consists  of  soft-steel,  no  contamination  of  the  bath  is  possible. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  81 

Special  advantages  of  this  furnace  are  ease  of  regulation  of  arc  and 
ease   of   thorough   insulation,    due   to   low    voltage.     Used   in    the 
manufacture  of  high-speed  steels,  alloy  steels,  special  steels,  and  all 
sorts  of  steel  castings. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES  ELECTRIC  STEEL.  HEROULT  TYPE.  Belongs  to 
the  class  of  arc  furnaces.  With  ordinary  alternating  current  there 
are  two  electrodes  at  the  top,  connected  to  the  two  terminals  of  the 
electric  circuit.  The  current  passes  from  one  electrode  in  form  of 
an  arc  into  the  slag,  through  the  same,  and  out  of  it  in  form  of  an- 
other arc  into  the  othe-  electrode.  With  three-phase  currents  three 
electrodes  are  used  at  the  top.  The  slag  is  at  maximum  tempera- 
ture and  heats  the  fused  steel  bath  below,  which  is  '-n  automatic 
agitation.  The  product  is  absolutely  homogeneous,  as  low  in  sul- 
phur and  phosphorus  as  desired,  and  thoroughly  deoxidized.  Per- 
fect de-oxidation  is  possible  on  account  of  the  neutral  atmosphere 
and  perfect  refining  is  possible  by  means  of  the  slag  which  is  at  the 
highest  temperature.  Since  the  electrodes  do  not  come  in  contact 
with  the  steel  bath,  no  contamination  of  the  bath  is  possible.  Tne 
furnace  has  been  adopted  by  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation  to  refine 
converter  steel  (for  rails)  and  open-hearth  steel  (for  wire,  etc.)  and 
by  fifteen  other  European  and  American  steel  works.  The  Heroult 
furnace  is  simple  and  inexpensive  in  construction  and  free  from 
complication  and  repairs.  Basic  patents  covering  electric  furnace 
and  process  for  electric  smelting  and  transfer  of  molten  steel  from 
ordinary  furnaces  into  electric  furnaces  for  thorough  purification  and 
refining.  See  description  of  the  Heroult  15-ton  furnace  at  the  South 
Chicago  works  of  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation  in  Metallurgical  and 
Chemical  Engineering,  Vol.  VIII,  p.  179. 
— R.  H.  WOLFF,  NEW  YORK  (representative  for  U.  S.) 
— R.  TURNBULL,  ST.  CATHERINES,  ONT.  (representative  for  Canada). 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC  HARDENING  AND  ANNEALING 
STEEL.  For  the  most  efficient  heat-treatment  of  carbon  and  high- 
speed steel  tools  and  machine  parts.  Heat  is  produced  by  electrical 
resistance,  the  atmosphere  of  the  furnace  chamber  being  reducing. 
Any  desired  temperature  can  oe  obtained  accurately,  and  if  so  wanted 
may  be  readily  maintained  at  such  a  point.  This  regulation  of  tem- 
perature is  effected  by  a  simple  control  of  the  current  supplied  by  the 
furnace  resistor.  Either  rectangular  or  cylindrical  chamber  designs 
may  be  had. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC  MELTING.  For  crucible  melting  of 
metals  and  metallic  alloys.  Temperature  readily  controlled,  can 
be  raised  high  enough  to  melt  olatinum.  Have  the  decided  ad- 
vantage of  being  easier  on  crucibles,  so  that  the  same  work  may  be 
done  with  a  less  number  of  these,  than  in  fuel  furnaces  operating  on 
a  blast. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 


82          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC  SMELTING.  With  removable  tilting 
hearths,  water  cooled  electrodes,  90%  of  the  carbons  being  usefully 
consumed.  For  reduction  smelting  of  iron  ores;  for  matte  smelting 
of  copper  ores;  for  smelting  of  manganese  ores;  for  smelting  of  com- 
bined lead  and  zinc,  silver  ores;  for  smelting  of  chrome  ores;  for 
smelting  of  tin  ores  (one  slag  only  for  discard) ;  for  melting  of  iron 
and  steel  scrap  for  steel  castings,  tools,  etc;  for  making  ferro  alloys; 
for  making  copper  alloys. 

MARCUS  RUTHENBERG,  LONDON. 

FURNACES,     ENAMELING.     Electrically   operated;    absolutely 
uniform  temperature,   perfect  control,   absence  of  all  products  of 
combustion.     For  jeweler's  work  of  all  kinds. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 

FURNACES,  ENAMELING.     For  granite  or  agateware,  etc.      No 
muffle  required.     50  to  80  per  cent  greater  output  than  ordinary 
furnaces.     High  quality. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  FORGE.     For  all  classes  of  railroad,  ship  and  mis. 
cellaneous  forging,  welding,  upsetting,  rivet,  billet,  bulldozer  work. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  GALVANIZING.     For  all  classes  of  work. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,    HARDENING.     Electrically   operated;    absolutely 
uniform  temperatures,  perfect  control,  no  products  of  combustion. 
For  tools,  dies,  springs,  cutlery;  especially  excellent  for  high-speed 
steel  parts. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  HARDENING.     Stationary  types.     For  saws  of  all 
kinds,   springs,   tools,   dies,   cutters,   needles,   plow   parts,   cutlery, 
automobile  and  engine  parts,  high  speed  tools.     All  styles  and  sizes. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,    HARDENING.     Revolving   types.     For   all    small 
pieces  of  like  dimensions  such  as  steel  balls,  saw  teeth,  screws,  rings, 
springs,  nuts,  caps,  cups,  punchings,  etc.     3  sizes — 500,  1,000  and 
1,500  pounds  capacities  per  hour.     Catalog  2. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  83 


FURNACES,  HARDENING. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  HEATING.     For  copper  and  steel  billets,  ship  plates 
and  angles,  bulldozer  work,  etc. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
—MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  HEATING  ROTARY.  For  the  rapid,  accurate  and 
controllable  heating  of  large  quantities  of  similar  objects.  Lined 
with  refractory  material.  It  revolves  on  roller  bearings  with  provi- 
sion for  tilting  the  furnace  at  any  desired  angle  to  facilitate  the  for- 
ward movement  of  the  contained  charge.  Any  desired  temperature 
may  be  maintained  and  the  time  during  which  the  material  treated 
remains  in  furnace  is  adjustable  and  under  perfect  control.  Oil  or 
gas  fuel  may  be  used. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  JAPANNING.     For  all  classes  of  work 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE.  MD. 

FURNACE  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

FURNACES,  MELTING.  Electrically  operated;  for  crucible 
melting  of  metals  and  metallic  alloys.  Temperature  readily  con- 
trolled, can  be  raised  above  the  melting  point  of  paltinum.  Chamber 
atmosphere  is  reducing,  effecting  a  large  saving  of  crucibles  in  foundry 
work.  Of  marked  advantage  for  use  by  metallurgists,  manufac- 
turing jewelers  and  chemists. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACE,  MELTING.  CRUCIBLE  TILTING.  STEEL-HAR- 
VEY. Constructed  to  operate  entirely  above  ground;  fuel  for  melt- 
ing oil  or  gas  and  air;  crucibles  of  various  sizes  are  retained  within 
the  furnace  while  pouring  the  metal.  The  cover  is  arranged  to 
tilt  with  the  furnace  or  to  swing  aside  as  may  be  desired.  Com- 
bustion chamber  so  arranged  for  holding  heat  at  the  bottom.  Burner 
adjusted  so  that  the  benefit  of  free  air  is  retained,  fuel  consumption 
is  reduced,  metal  is  melted  as  rapidly  as  consistent,  avoiding  loss  by 
overheating  or  oxidation.  Output  of  one  furnace  equivalent  to 
three  old-style  furnaces;  labor  reduced,  cost  of  melting  reduced 
one-half,  operated  with  high  or  low  air  pressure,  results  a  saving 
of  50%  in  cost  of  melting  metal  and  can  melt  any  class  of  metal 
desired,  especially  arranged  for  cyanide  precipitates  of  gold  and 
silver,  or  miscellaneous  ores,  nickel,  cobalt,  brass,  bronze,  aluminium 
iron,  ferro-alloys,  etc.  Guaranteed  high  economy  and  efficiency. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 


84          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FURNACE,  MELTING.  LIFT-OUT  CRUCIBLE.  For  making 
special  alloys,  melting  precious  metals,  analytical  work,  light 
castings,  etc.  It  is  compact  and  the  heat  is  under  absolute  control 
of  operator.  An  air  blast  of  from  2  to  5  pounds  is  adequate,  which 
may  be  supplied  by  small  positive  blower.  Oil  or  gas  fuel  may  be 
used. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACE,  MELTING.  SIMPLEX.  For  brass,  bronze,  copper, 
grey  iron,  etc.  Made  with  horizontal  cylindrical  shell,  resting  on 
cast  iron  stands  and  revolves  on  roller  bearings.  The  lining  may  be 
carborundum,  ganister,  fire  brick,  or  other  suitable  material.  No 
crucibles  are  used.  Some  of  the  advantages  are  low  first  cost, 
quick  heats,  little  floor  space,  small  fuel  consumption.  Oil  of  gas 
fuel  may  be  used. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  MELTING.  STATIONARY  TYPES.  For  brass, 
copper,  bronze,  gold,  silver,  aluminium,  etc.  Built  above  or  below 
floor  level.  Sliding  or  swinging  covers.  Simple  tile  lining.  Best 
stationary  furnace  made.  In  use  United  States,  Canadian  and 
Mexican  mints.  Sizes  suitable  for  all  crucibles. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACE,  MELTING.  TILTING  CRUCIBLE.  For  melting 
aluminium,  brass,  copper,  steel,  manganese,  etc.  The  crucible  is 
not  removed  from  the  furnace  chamber,  the  metal  being  transferred 
to  ladle  by  tilting  the  entire  furnace.  A  fan  blast  of  12  oz.  pressure 
is  sufficient  for  air  supply  and  as  the  burner  is  placed  at  top  of  fur- 
nace and  flame  directed  against  bottom  of  the  chamber,  the  crucible 
is  not  subjected  to  uneven  temperature.  Some  of  the  advantages 
of  this  furnace  are  cleanliness,  quick  heats,  little  noise,  long  life  of 
crucible  and  no  metal  to  run  on  floor  if  crucible  breaks. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  MELTING.  STATIONARY  TYPES.  For  brass,  copper, 
bronze,  gold,  silver,  aluminium,  etc.  Built  above  or  below  floor 
level.  Sliding  or  swinging  covers.  Simple  tile  lining.  Best  sta- 
tionary furnace  made.  In  use  United  States,  Canadian  and  Mexican 
mints.  Sizes  suitable  for  all  crucibles. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  MELTING.  Tilting.  For  brass,  copper,  bronze, 
gold,  silver,  aluminium,  steel  additions,  etc.  Metal  always  clean. 
Castings  sound  and  strong.  Lowest  possible  shrinkage.  Cover 
tilts  with  furnace.  Fire  may  be  continued  while  pouring.  Cover 
on  also.  Crucible  lasts  longer  than  in  any  other  furnace.  Always 
hot  at  bottom.  Simple  and  inexpensive  tile  lining.  Costs  little. 
M?lts  much.  4  sizes — 200,  400,  800  and  1,600  pounds  capacities. 
Oil  or  gas  fuel.  Catalog  4. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  85 

FURNACES,  MINT.  Electrically  operated,  clean  (no  products  of 
combustion),  compact,  necessary  temperatures  easily  maintained 
constant.  The  form  in  which  the  heat  is  supplied  (by  electrical 
resistance  heating)  makes  these  furnaces  especially  valuable  in  melt- 
ing of  the  precious  metals. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  MINT.     Fo    melting,  cupelling,  gold  boiling,  anneal- 
ing, sweep  reducing,  refining,  die  hardening,  tool  dressing,  etc.     In 
use  United  States,  Canadian  and  Mexican  Mints. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  MINT. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  MINT,  CRUCIBLE.     Used  in  mint  work  and  in  mak- 
ing fine  ba.s  and  anodes.     These  furnaces  have  hoods  with  sliding 
doors  and  have  flues  for  withdrawing  the  fumes.     Very  economical, 
can  be  operated  by  oil  or  gas  fuel. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  MUFFLE.  A  combined  crucible  and  muffle  furnace 
especially  adapted  for  assay  work.  Operated  with  coal  gas,  natural 
gas,  gasoline  gas,  or  kerosene  oil,  with  forced  air  blast  by  means  of  a 
foot  or  power  blower.  Also  plain  draft  muffle  furnaces  which  re- 
quire no  air  blast,  operated  with  coal  gas,  natural  gas,  or  gasoline 
gas,  with  range  of  temperatures  up  to  2400°  F.  Write  for  Catalog  B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

FURNACES,  MUFFLE.     Electrically  operated;  built  in  different 
sizes,  and  in  different  designs  for  various  temperature  ranges.     For 
assaying,  cupelling,  enameling  and  heat-treating  of  steels. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  MUFFLE.     For  assaying,  scorifying  and  cupelling. 
This  is  a  rapid  furnace.     The  retort  can  be  heated  in  fifteen  minutes 
and  sixteen  assays  of  silver  have  been  taken  out  in  twenty -two 
minutes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,    MUFFLE.     For   all   purposes  including  enameling, 
cupelling,  etc.     All  sizes. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  OPEN-HEARTH. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,    REFINING.     For   copper,    gold,    silver   and   other 
metals.     All  types  and  sizes. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


86          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FURNACES,    REFINING.     For  copper,   gold,   silver,   and   other 
metals.     All  types  and  sizes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  REGENERATIVE.     Built  for  producer  gas,  natural 
gas  or  oil  fuel,  for  the  economical  and  uniform  heating  of  billets, 
ingots,   steel  melting,   scrap  melting,  brass  melting,   etc.     Usually 
designed  and  built  to  meet  special  requirements. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  RETORT.     For  gold  and  silver  mills. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

FURNACES,      REVERBERATORY.     Roasting     and      smelting. 
Using  petroleum,  gas,  or  solid  fuel. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

FURNACES,    REVERBERATORY.       For  melting  quantities  of 
brass  and  copper  scrap.     For  refining  copper.     For  granite  or  agate 
ware  enamel  mixtures  and  other  purposes.     All  capacities. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACE,  REVERBERATORY.  Melting  and  Cupelling.  For 
reducing  by-products  in  electrolytic  refineries,  mints  and  jewelry 
establishments.  This  furnace  is  water- jacketed,  insuring  comfort 
to  the  workman  and  preserves  the  life  of  lining.  Oil  or  gas  fuel 
may  be  used. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  REVERBERATORY. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  RIVET.     Portable  and  stationary  types.     Portable 
forges  for  railroad,  bridge  and  ship  work.     Stationary  forges  for  car, 
boiler  and  other  shop  work. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACE,  ROASTING.  McDougall.  Simple,  economical,  and 
practical.  Low  cost  of  installation  and  maintenance.  For  roast- 
ing all  classes  of  ore,  especially  where  external  heat  is  required. 
Uses  wood,  coal,  oil,  or  gas  for  fuel.  Discharges  from  30  to  100  tons 
of  "  Sweet  "  roasted  product  per  day,  depending  upon  the  nature 
of  the  ores.  A  maximum  capacity  per  square  foot  of  hearth  area 
with  minimum  fuel. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

FURNACES,  ROASTING.     For  sulphide  and  arsenical  ores,  etc. 
Reverberatory    hand-roasting   furnaces.     Mechanical   roasting    fur- 
naces. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  87 

FURNACES,  ROASTING.  Mechanical.  For  the  roasting  of 
pyrites,  pyrrhotite  and  sulphide  ores,  etc.,  in  size  and  capacity  up  to 
34  feet  diameter  and  with  any  number  of  hearths  desired.  Hearths 
can  be  muffled  if  the  roasting  problem  makes  it  desirable.  Con- 
centrate containing  as  low  as  13.6  sulphur  has  been  successfully 
desulphurized  down  to  2.26  per  cent  sulphur  without  the  use  of  fuel 
Write  for  catalogue  and  Bulletin  "  B." 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FURNACES,  SINGEING.     For  cotton  goods,  single  or  multiple 
plates.     In  use  throughout  United  States 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  SINGEING. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  SMELTING.     For  copper,  lead,  etc.,  ores.     Improved 
and  reliable  furnaces,  combining  simplicity  and  durability  of  con- 
struction to  attain  simplicity  of  operation  and  highest  efficiency. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

FURNACES,  SMELTING.     Blast  furnaces  for  smelting  copper, 
lead,  silver  and  gold  ores.     Pioneers  in  the  building  of  such  fur- 
naces, the  designs  meeting  the  most  exacting  requirements.     Also 
builders  of  reverberatory  smelting  furnaces.     See  Catalog  12. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

FURNACES,  SOFT-METAL.     Lead,  tin,  babbitt,  and  other  pot 
melting.     For  every  purpose.     All  styles  and  sizes 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACE,     STATIONARY.      Single    or    double    compartment 
arranged  for  various  capacities,   heated  with  oil  or  gas  and  air. 
Very  efficient,  and  save  50%  over  old  style  methods. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  SULPHUR.  For  sectional  view  see  Manufacturers' 
Catalog  7-S.  Advantages: — Simple  manipulation,  no  escape  of 
sulphurous  acid  fumes,  continuous  working,  burning  sulphur  visible 
from  outside.  Easy  cleaning.  Greatest  efficiency.  At  least 
95%  of  sulphur  burned.  Arranged  for  suction  as  well  as  compressed 
air.  Sulphur  is  fed  to  the  pans  by  means  of  hoppers,  holding  suffi- 
cient quantity  for  a  number  of  hours'  run.  Easy  lighting  facilities 
Perfect  combustion  and  low  temperature  maintained  by  means  of 
water-cooled  chamber. 

— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FURNACES,  TEMPERING.     Rotary  type.     See  Hardening  Fur- 
naces. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


88          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FURNACES,  TEMPERING.     Stationary  types.     For  all  classes 
of  work,  either  by  direct  heat  or  by  lead,  sand,  or  oil  bath.     All 
sizes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,     TEMPERING.     Rotary     types.     See     Hardening 
Furnaces. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  TEMPERING.  Stationary  types.  For  all  classes  of 
work,  either  by  direct  heat  or  by  lead,  sand  or  oil  bath.  All  sizes. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  TEMPERING. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES,  TINNING.     For  wire,  tubing  or  sheets.     All  styles 
and  sizes. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  TINNING. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

FURNACES.  Smaller  size.  Such  as  specially  designed  for  ex- 
perimental work  or  for  use  in  the  laboratory,  are  described  in  the 
second  part  of  this  Dictionary,  devoted  to  Measuring  Instruments 
and  Laboratory  Supply. 

FURNACES,  TINNING.     For  wire,  tubing  or  sheets.     All  styles 
and  sizes. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

FURNACE  LININGS.  See  Bauxite,  Carbon,  Carborundum, 
Chrome  Brick,  Chrome  Ore,  Fire  Brick,  Graphite,  Magnesia  Brick, 
Magnesite,  Silica  Brick. 

GALVANIZING.     See  Electrogalvanizing. 

GANNISTER. 

— THE  ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

'  GAS  ENGINES.  Producer  gas,  furnace  gas,  natural  gas.  Economy 
guaranteed  from  the  coal  pile  to  the  switchboard.  The  largest 
builder  of  gas  engines  in  the  world,  furnishing  complete  gas  power 
plant  equipments  including  generators  of  its  own  design,  and  in- 
stalling in  connection  with  the  engines,  producers  of  the  type  best 
adapted  to  the  conditions. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  89 

GAS  ENGINE— WESTINQHO USE.  Four-stroke  cycle.  Natural, 
artificial  or  producer  gas.  Horizontal  double-acting  type  is  used  for 
capacities  of  300  h.p.  and  upwards.  Large  gas  engines  are  designed 
for  use  with  blast-furnace  gas  as  well  as  for  producer  and  natural 
gases,  and  are  built  twin-tandem  up  to  4000  h.p.  units  or  larger. 
Close  regulation  for  direct  connection  to  electric  generators.  Small 
gas  engines  for  general  power  purposes  are  vertical  single  acting,  and 
usually  2  or  3  cylinder.  Can  be  used  to  advantage  on  natural  or 
artificial  gas,  also  with  producer  gas  or  other  fuels.  Various  ca- 
pacities regularly  carried  in  stock. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

GAS-LINE  MATERIAL  ATWOOD.  Complete  piping  systems, 
valves,  regulators,  etc.,  for  natural  gas.  Standard  lines  for  working 
pressures  of  200,  400,  and  1000  Ibs.  per  sq.  in.  Designs  submitted 
for  higher  pressures  and  special  work.  All-iron  valves  and  lead  re- 
cessed fittings. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

GAS  PRODUCER.     See  Producer. 

GAS  PRODUCER  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

GAS-PRODUCER  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

GAS  SCRUBBERS.     See  Gas  Washers. 

GAS  VALVE.     See  Valve. 

GAS  WASHER.  A  machine  of  suitable  construction  for  washing 
the  gases  from  smelting  furnaces,  chemical  plants,  etc.,  so  as  to  dissolve 
as  large  an  amount  of  the  gases  as  possible,  and  thus  purify  the  escaping 
gases. 

GAS  WASHER,  OSBORNE.  Will  collect  the  gases  from  chemical 
plants,  etc.,  and  wash  the  same  so  that  practically  all  of  the  soluble 
gases  will  be  reduced  to  solution.  This  is  accomplished  by  drawing 
the  gases  through  a  fan  of  suitable  size  and  discharging  them  into 
a  water  spray  machine,  where  the  gases  are  brought  into  contact 
with  finely  divided  sprays  of  water.  These  machines  are  also  pro- 
vided with  paddles  which  beat  the  gases,  thereby  causing  all  the 
particles  to  be  brought  into  contact  with  the  moisture  and  eff  ectinga 
thorough  washing  of  the  same.  These  machines  are  especially 
valuable  for  washing  gases  from  copper  and  brass  smelting  furnaces 
where  the  sulphurous  oxides  are  usually  a  source  of  great  annoyance. 
By  the  use  of  these  machines  the  sulphur  oxides  will  be  reduced  to  a 
weak  solution  of  sulphuric  acid. 
— GRISCOM  SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(See  also  Dust  Collector,  Smoke  Consume1,   Vapor  Condenser.) 


90          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

GASKETS,  RUBBER.     Any  size  or  shape.      Either  pure  rubber 
or  with  cloth,  wire  or  sheet  metal  insertion.     Made  to  order  at  short 
notice;  to  withstand  all  conditions  of  service. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON. 

GASKETS,  RUBBER.  Made  of  pure  rubber,  or  with  cloth  or 
wire  insertion.  The  Eastern,  New  York,  or  Western  shapes  carried 
in  stock,  any  other  style  or  shape  on  short  notice.  In  ordering,  send 
template  when  possible;  otherwise  give  inside  measurements  and 
width  of  flange  and  thickness  desired.  Gaskets  and  rings  also  made 
of  Black  Hawk,  Usudurian,  Giant  Red  Crescent,  Black  Cross. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

GEARING. 

— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

GEARS. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

GENERATORS.     Electroplating  and  electrolytic.     See  also  Motor 
Generators. 

GENERATORS,    ELECTRIC.     Alternating   Current    and    Direct 
Current. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

GENERATORS.     Electric.     Westinghouse  alternating  and  direct 
current  of  all  capacities  for  every  purpose  and  all  types  of  prime 
movers. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

GENERATORS,  ELECTRIC  SMELTING.     Special  design  for  use 
with  electric  furnaces,  100  to  3000  kw. 

MARCUS  RUTHENBERG,  LONDON. 

GENERATORS,  ELECTROLYTIC.  Giving  low  voltage  for 
electrotyping,  electroplating,  and  electrochemical  processes  in 
general,  manufactured  in  twelve  sizes,  60  to  500  amperes,  5  to  6 
volts  are  of  the  bipolar  type.  Above  500  amperes  they  are  multi- 
polar  4  to  14  poles.  Also  builders  of  a  16-pole  machine  giving 
10,000  amperes  at  6  volts.  The  machines  are  solidly  constructed 
well  ventilated  and  of  up-to-date  design.  In  multi-polar  types  they 
have  two  commutators  with  large  brush  surface.  Wound  for 
single,  double  and  three  voltages  arranged  for  two  or  three-wire 
systems,  also  wound  for  special  voltages  for  experimental  work. 
Machines  fitted  with  copper  gauze  or  carbon  brushes. 
— CHAS.  J.  BOGUE  ELECTRIC  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

GENERATORS,  ELECTROPLATING.     Low-voltage  dynamos  for 
electroplating  purposes  in  various  sizes  ranging  from  100  to  5000 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  91 

amperes  on  the  three- wire  system,  also  dynamos  from  50  to  10,000 

amperes  on  two- wire  system. 

— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

GENERATORS,  ELECTROPLATING.  Low-voltage,  shunt-wound 
standard  machines  wound  for  5  or  6  volts,  in  eleven  different  sizes 
to  give  a  current  from  50  to  3000  amperes.  Larger  and  special 
machines  for  all  purposes  built  to  order,  with  capacities  from  50 
to  12,500  amperes. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

GERMAN  SILVER  WIRE.     See  Wire. 

GLUE  POT  HEATERS,  Dopp.  Consist  of  a  one-gallon  cast-iron 
seamless  steam -jacketed  pot  with  flat  bottom  and  stand  on  three 
permanent  legs.  The  water  in  the  pot  is  heated  by  the  steam  in  the 
jacket,  and  the  glue  pail  is  placed  in  the  water.  The  jackets  of  the 
pots  have  an  outlet  at  the  bottom  for  the  drip  and  are  tested  to  one 
hundred  pounds  hydrostatic  pressure.  They  are  largely  used  in 
furniture  and  other  woodworking  factories  and  are  very  practical. 
By  means  of  suitable  piping,  a  long  line  of  these  pots  can  be  set  up, 
so  that  each  workman  has  his  own  equipment  right  at  his  bench. 
—SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

GRAPHITE.  By  proper  selection  of  raw  materials,  graphites  of 
widely  different  characteristics  are  produced  in  the  electric  furnace. 
This  obviates  the  necessity  of  "  doping  "  the  graphite  to  impart  cer- 
tain properties  for  special  purposes,  a  practice  sure  to  result  in  loss 
of  other  valuable  qualities.  Hence  the  increasing  popularity  of 
electrically-produced  graphites  for  such  purposes  as  dry-battery 
filler,  paint  pigment  for  steel  and  iron,  electrotyping  leads,  lubrica- 
tion, either  dry  or  mixed  with  oil  or  grease,  powder  glazing,  pipe- 
joint  compound,  furnace  lining,  lamp-filament  paste,  stove  polish, 
lead  pencils,  recarbonizing  steel,  and  all  electrical  purposes. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

GRATE  TILE.     See  Tile. 

GRAY-IRON  FURNACE  BLOWERS.  See  Blowers,  Piqua  Posi- 
tive. 

GREDAG.  A  combination  lubricant  of  unexcelled  merit  made  by 
blending  unctuous,  pure,  soft  Acheson  graphite  with  a  high  grade 
grease.  The  graphite  used  in  making  gredag  is  an  electric-furnace 
product  and  has  a  guaranteed  purity  of  at  least  99%.  It  is,  there- 
fore, without  the  dangerous  grit  and  other  impurities  usually  found 
associated  with  graphite  greases  in  which  natural  graphite  is  in- 
corporated. Because  the  Acheson  graphite  incorporated  in  gredag 
forms  the  body  of  the  lubricant,  it  is  possible  to  employ  a  grease  of 
very  low  viscosity  as  a  carrier,  thus  effecting  a  valuable  saving  in 
power  to  those  who  use  it,  while  it  is  a  fact  that  either  grade  of  gredag 


92          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

will  serve  for  a  wider  range  of  uses  than  plain  grease  lubricants. 
The  grades  and  consistencies  in  which  gredag  is  available  are:  No. 
31,  semi-fluid,  especially  adapted  for  enclosed  transmissions  of  auto- 
mobiles, etc.;  No.  32,  soft,  for  transmissions  and  general  automobile 
use,  etc.;  No.  33,  medium,  for  general  auotmobile  use;  No.  5!,  semi- 
fluid, for  use  on  engines  and  high-grade  machinery,  can  be  used  in 
squirt  cans;  No.  52,  soft,  for  cup  and  general  use;  No.  53,  medium 
for  cup  and  general  use;  this  grade  will  successfully  replace  harder 
greases,  owing  to  its  great  lubricating  value;  No.  63,  medium,  of 
fibrous  or  spongy  nature.  For  general  use. 

— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
N.  Y. 

GRINDING.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

GRIZZLEYS.     Ore. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

HAMMER  CRUSHER.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 
HARDENING  FURNACE.     See  Furnace,  Hardening. 

HARDENING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Posi- 
tive. 

HARD  RUBBER  ARTICLES.     Acid  pumps,  piping  and  fittings 
for  conveying  acids,   alkalies,   corrosive  liquors,   dyes,   brine,    etc. 
Also   hard   rubber   cocks,    buckets,    measures,    acid   bottles,    tanks 
dipping  baskets,  funnels,  etc. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

HARDINGE    CONICAL    MILL.     See    Crushing    and    Grinding, 
conical  mill. 

HEATERS,     PORTABLE,     MONARCH.     For    heating    foundry 
ladles,  firing  up  the  cupolas,  drying  of  molds,  heater  arranged  on 
portable  trucks,  fully  equipped  with  sectional  hose,  oil  tanks,  burners1 
etc. 
— MONARCH  ENGINEERING  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

HEATERS,  REILLY  MULTICOIL,  FOR  LIQUIDS.  These  are  of 
tubular  type,  the  heating  surface  being  copper  tubes  coiled  to  a 
small  radius,  through  which  the  liquid  to  be  heated  is  passed.  Each 
tube  is  attached  by  ground  union  joints,  and  all  are  accessible 
through  a  man-hole  door  in  the  shell  of  the  heater.  The  construc- 
tion is  extremely  efficient,  giving  the  highest  possible  terminal  tem- 
peratures; and  presents  peculiar  advantages  for  cleaning  the  in- 
terior of  shell  or  tubes,  in  case  there  should  be  an  accumulation  of 
sediment,  and  for  the  renewal  of  the  heating  surface  in  case  of 
corrosion.  The  heaters  are  therefore  especially  adapted  for  chemical 
purposes  of  all  kinds. 
— THE  GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  93 

HEATERS.  For  Heating  Liquids  by  direct  steam.  The  Koert- 
ing  "  noiseless  heater  "  is  made  of  lead,  iron,  brass,  etc.,  and  can  be 
used  for  heating  up  various  liquids  where  diluting  is  not  objection- 
able. The  apparatus  is  in  the  form  of  an  inverted  cone,  one  of  the 
discs  or  cones  being  perforated  and  the  other  plain.  It  will  heat  the 
liquid  to  any  desired  temperature,  according  to  steam  pressure,  and 
at  the  same  time  gives  powerful  agitating  effect.  The  disturbing 
noises  and  destructive  effect  on  open  tanks  (as  for  instance,  when 
steam  is  introduced  through  perforated  pipes)  is  entirely  obviate  1 
by  attaching  the  noiseless  heater  to  the  end  of  steam  pipe.  Catalog 
HH-3. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

HEATERS.  A  form  of  surface  condenser  for  utilizing  the  heat 
from  exhaust  steam  to  raise  the  temperature  of  dilute  or  con- 
centrated liquors.  Designed  primarily  for  heating  the  liquor,  they 
contain  a  suitable  amount  of  tubular  heating  surface  so  arranged  as 
to  get  the  liquor  at  a  maximum  temperature.  Coustruction  en- 
tirely dependent  upon  the  nature  of  the  liquor  and  other  conditions. 
We  are  prepared  to  build  heaters  of  any  capacity  and  where  used  in 
connection  with  evaporators,  the  saving  in  fuel  is  considerable  be- 
sides relieving  the  evaporator  of  this  work  and  so  increasing  its 
capacity. 

— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  Co.,   CHICAGO,   ILL.    (Formerly   American 
Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 

HEATERS.  For  heating  liquors  of  all  kinds  by  exhaust  steam, 
or  by  use  of  other  sources  of  heat,  as  vapor,  condensation  water, 
etc.  Ordinarily  consists  of  a  cylindrical  shell,  fitted  with  tubular 
heating  surface.  No  stock  apparatus  is  used,  but  heaters  are  designed 
expressly  to  suit  the  conditions  encountered.  Their  use  produces 
a  pronounced  saving  in  fuel,  which  is  often  secured  from  the  most 
unpromising  sources.  On  receipt  of  data  covering  conditions, 
we  will  be  pleased  to  advise  in  regard  to  possible  economies. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

HEATING  COILS.     See  Coils. 

HEATING  FURNACE.     See  Furnace,  Heating. 

HEATING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.  See  Blowers,  Piqua  Posi- 
tive. 

HOISTING  ENGINES  and  hoisting  machinery.     Steam  and  elec- 
tric. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

HOISTS,  Electric,  pneumatic  and  hand  power.  Furnace  hoists. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

HOISTS.  Electric  overhead  travelling  hoists  of  mono-rail  or 
other  types  for  hoisting  and  conveying  material  of  all  kinds.  Have 


94          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

enclosed  gearing  and  are  made  for  any  current.     Also  electric  plat- 
form hoists  for  general  work.     Bulletin  21.     Pneumatic   cylinder 
hoists  for  light  work  and  short  lifts.     Bulletin  34. 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT.  MICH. 

HOSE.  Of  rubber;  or  cotton,  rubber-lined;  or  linen,  unlined; 
for  acids,  air,  chemicals,  fire  protection,  gas,  oil,  pneumatic  tools 
steam,  suction,  vacuum,  water,  etc.  Unsurpassed  facilities  for  the 
prompt  production  of  any  kind  of  hose  for  any  specific  purpose, 
Forsyth  braided  hose  for  many  uses  is  a  particularly  meritor. 
ious  article,  combining  flexibility,  great  strength,  and  lightness 
to  a  remarkable  degree. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

HOSE.  Revere  acid  hose.  For  conducting  the  various  acids 
used  in  chemical  factories,  sulphite  plants,  die  works,  print  works, 
galvanizing  works,  tanneries,  laboratories,  etc.  This  hose  has  an 
unusually  heavy  lining  of  fine  Para  rubber.  The  uniformity  of 
Revere  construction  obviates  any  defects  that  invariably  cause  the 
destruction  of  the  fabric  in  the  old  style  hose.  The  continuous  length 
feature  disposes  of  unnecessary  couplings  that  are  usually  affected 
by  acids.  Revere  hose  may  be  recommended  for  the  most  trying 
conditions. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

HOSE,  OIL.     For  unloading  tank  cars.     Has  car  and  pipe  coup- 
lings.    Standard    length    6    ft.     Internal    diameter    2    in.     Spiral 
lined.     Larger  sizes  made  to  order.     Catalog  3. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

HOSE,  OIL. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

HOT-BLAST  SMELTING.  Of  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  ores. 
Catalog  "  Some  details  as  to  smelting  practice  and  equipments." 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

HOT  BLAST  SMELTING  BLOWERS.  See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

HOT-BLAST  STOVE,  AMSLER.  A  three-pass  central-combustion- 
chamber  stove  with  concentric  passes,  of  the  Massicks  &  Crooke 
type.  The  construction  requires  fewer  special  brick  shapes  than 
other  stoves  of  this  kind.  All  walls  have  provision  for  independent 
expansion  and  contraction,  so  that  the  repairs  are  reduced  to  practi- 
cally nothing.  The  heating  surface  is  unusually  large  and  the  draught 
is  equalized  so  that  there  is  no  trouble  with  hot  sides. 
— WALTER  O.  AMSLER,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

HOT-BLAST  STOVES.     U-pipe  hot-blast  stoves  for  heating  blast 
in  pyritic  smelting. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  95 

HUMPHREY  CRUSHING  ROLLS.  See  Crushing  and  Grinding, 
Rolls. 

HYDROCHLORIC  ACID  CONDENSING  PLANTS  of  all  capacities. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

HYDROFLUORIC  ACID. 

— PUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

HYDROGEN  generation.     See  Hydrone. 

H YD  RONE.  A  sodium-lead  alloy,  which  upon  contact  with 
water  furnishes  100%  pure  hydrogen  gas  (free  from  arsenic).  One 
pound  hydrone  yields  2.6  cu.  ft.  hydrogen  gas.  By  increasing  the 
sodium  percentage  of  the  alloy,  a  higher  yield  of  gas  can  be  obtained, 
which  is,  however,  too  inflammable  for  ordinary  uses. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

HYPOCHLORITE.     See  Bleaching  liquor. 
IMPACT  SCREEN.     See  Screen,  Impact. 

INCANDESCENT  FILAMENT  BLOCKS.  Blocks  and  forms  of  any 
desired  shape  can  be  readily  machined  from  solid  Acheson-Graphite 
rods  or  slabs.  99%  pure  graphitic  carbon,  without  bond.  Free 
from  volatile  or  fusible  matter.  All  shapes  made  to  special  order 
without  moulds. 

— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  PALLS, 
N.  Y. 

INGOT  IRON.     See  American  ingot  iron. 
— AMERICAN  ROLLING  MILL  Co.,  MIDDLETOWN,  OHIO. 

INJECTORS.     Made    of    acid-proof    stoneware,    and    accurately 
ground,  in  various  sizes  and  styles,  to  be  operated  either  by  steam 
or  air,  for  moving  liquids  or  gases. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

INJECTORS.     Of  stoneware.      To  increase  the  draught  in  con- 
densing and  regenerating  plants. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

INTENSIFIERS. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

IRON,  ENAMELED.     See  Enameled  Ware  of  Iron. 

IRON,  non-corrosive,  pure.     See  American  ingot  iron. 
— AMERICAN  ROLLING  MILL  Co.,  MIDDLETOWN,  OHIO. 


96          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

IRON  GOODS.     Plain  Cast  Iron  and  Enameled.      Kettles,  stills, 
vacuum  pans,  tanks,  etc.     Special  goods  to  order. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

IRON  ORE  WASHERS.  Scaife  patent  automatic  trough  washer. 
Surface  ores  can  in  this  washer  not  only  be  relieved  of  clay  more 
economically  than  in  log  washers,  but  where  properly  sized  can  be 
separated  from  the  rock  which  usually  accompanies  them.  See 
under  Washers. 
— SCAIPE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

IRON  SULPHATE.     Copperas. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

IRON   SULPHIDE,    true   nitrate,   copperas   nitrate  or  iron   and 
copperas. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

IRON  AND  STEEL  WORKS  MACHINERY  AND  CASTINGS. 

— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

JAPANNING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Japanning. 

JAR  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grindiag,  Jar  Mill. 

JAW  ROCK  CRUSHERS.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding.     Crushers. 

JIG.  Allis-Chalmers  Hancock.  A  jig  with  a  reciprocating  mo- 
tion of  sieve.  Handles  all  kinds  of  concentrating  ores.  No  sizing 
trommels  required.  Handles  unsized  product  ranging  from  f-inch 
to  finest  size  profitably  jigged.  Large  capacity,  400  to  700  tons  of 
ore  per  day.  Uses  one  half  the  water  required  by  Hartz  jigs. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

JIG,  Hartz.  Of  improved  design.  Hancock  jig.  Especially 
suited  to  very  large  capacities,  a  single  machine  handling  from  200 
up  to  600  or  700  tons  per  day.  Will  handle  an  unsized  product 
ranging  from  five-eighths  to  one-eighth  inch  in  one  machine,  on  a 
consumption  of  one-half  the  water  required  by  the  Hartz  jig  or 
even  less. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

JOINTS.     See     Welding;     Oxy-acetylene,      Welding,      Thermit; 
Connectors;  Expansion  Joints. 

JUGS,    ACID.     Of   acid-proof   stoneware,    cylindrical   or   conical 
shape  or  jug  shape  with   and   without  handles,    large   and   small 
capacities. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  97 


KETTLES.  Steam-jacketed  kettles  made  of  copper  and  silver, 
also  of  lead,  silver,  and  tin-lined  copper.  These  kettles  may  be  used 
for  heating,  cooking,  and  evaporating  many  products  such  as  con- 
fectionary and  varnishes,  and  a  large  variety  of  chemical  and  food 
products.  Standard  kettles  are  tested  to  150  pounds  cold  water 
pressure  and  are  guaranteed  to  be  of  high  grade  of  workmanship. 
This  form  also  makes  a  specialty  of  all  sorts  of  mixing  and  tipping 
kettles  which  are  designed  to  suit  particular  requirements.  Silver 
and  lead-lined  kettles  which  are  just  as  good  as  far  as  resistance  to 
chemical  action  goes,  as  kettles  made  of  pure  silver  or  lead,  and  yet 
are  very  much  cheaper  and  have  the  strength  and  durability  of  the 
copper  kettle,  are  one  of  the  specialties. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

KETTLES,  mixing.  Steam-jacketed  or  fire-heated  mixing  kettles 
made  of  copper,  silver  and  lined  copper  in  all  sizes  from  20  gallons, 
upward.  Such  kettles  are  furnished  with  mixing  and  tipping  ar- 
rangements to  suit  the  product  to  be  manufactured,  mixers  being  of 
various  shapes  and  designs,  over-  or  under-driven  as  desired. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

KETTLES.    Of  all  kinds. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

KETTLES.  Day's  improved  steam  jacketed  kettle  is  strong 
and  heavily  made  of  steel  plate,  with  a  two-inch  steam  space  all 
around.  It  is  provided  with  an  improved  cock  for  kettle  outlet, 
safety  valve,  inlet  and  outlet  for  steam  and  mounted  on  removable 
iron  legs.  Made  with  a  capacity  of  50  to  500  gallons. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

KETTLES.     For  boiling,  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  various 
sizes  and  shapes,  with  flanged  rims  and  socket  rim. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

KETTLES.  Steam- jacketed.  Made  of  copper  in  all  sizes  from 
25  gallons  upward,  with  block  tin  lining,  if  desired.  Mixer  operated 
by  belt,  either  single  or  double  acting,  and  with  scrapers  to  prevent 
the  contents  from  burning.  The  steam  jackets  are  tested  to  125  Ibs. 
hydrostatic  pressure. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

KETTLES.  Steam -jacketed  kettles  in  sizes  from  10  to  500  gallons 
capacity.  Types  Argus,  Baronet,  Coronet,  Duke,  Exeter,  Ferncliff, 
Grecian,  Herald,  Hercules,  Juniata,  Keystone,  Lorain,  Melrose, 
Nevada,  Oneida,  Puritan,  Quebec,  Samson,  for  different  purposes. 
Particulars  on  request.  Steam-jacketed  kettles  with  mixers. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

KETTLES,  SEAMLESS  STEAM-JACKETED,   DOPP.     (See  illus- 
tration, Electrochemical  &  Metallurgical  Industry,  May  issue,  1909 


98          Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

advertising  page  37.)  Each  is  a  piece  of  metal  formed  in  a  mold, 
without  seams,  rivets  or  bolts.  The  inside  surface  is  very  hard 
and  smooth.  The  steam  jackets  are  tested  to  150  Ibs.  hydrostatic 
pressure.  This  type  of  kettle  is  very  durable  and  more  resistant  to 
chemical  action  than  wrought  iron  or  steel.  They  are  used  for 
heating,  boiling,  evaporating,  cooking,  (also  for  cooling)  a  great 
variety  of  chemicals,  food  products,  and  technical  products  in 
general.  They  are  supported  on  removable  legs  or  on  lugs  in  the 
case  of  the  larger  sizes. 
— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

KETTLES,  STEEL  ENAMELED.  Acid  and  alkali-proof  steam- 
jacketed  kettles.  Made  of  plate  steel  and  coated  with  an  enamel 
that  is  absolutely  acid  and  alkali-proof.  All  seams  are  welded  and 
there  are  no  riveted,  bolted  or  packed  joints.  From  50  to  800  gallons 
capacity. 
— THE  ENAMELED  PIPE  &  ENGINEERING  Co.,  ELYRIA,  OHIO. 

KNEADING   MACHINERY.     See  Mixers   and   Mixing   Machines. 

KOSTICO.     A  dry  granular  salt  used  in  making  a  solution  for 
removing  grease  and  cleaning  work  in  all  plating  operations.     Makes 
a  clear  solution  and  has  no  surface  scum  to  cling  to  the  work. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

KRUPP  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

KRYOLITE.     Pure  ground,  from  Greenland.     For  glass  makers, 
hollow-ware  manufacturers,  and  enamelers. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

LACQUERS.     All  grades  for  all  purposes,  both  dip  and  brush 
lacquers.     All  colors,  bright  and  dull  blacks.     Also  the  finest  gold 
colors  for  use  on  brass. 
• — HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

LADLE  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

LADLES.  Geared  foundry  ladles,  for  capacities  from  2000  to 
60,000  Ibs.  Of  strongest  construction,  with  a  very  large  factor  of 
safety  employed  in  all  parts.  The  standard  gearing  on  all  sizes  is 
an  improved  worm  or  screw  gear,  with  the  operating  wheel  carried 
well  out  to  the  side,  where  the  operator  can  oversee  his  pouring. 
Absolutely  self- locking  at  every  point.  There  is  no  jerking  or  un- 
steady motion  in  tipping.  We  also  build  spur-geared  ladles  for  rapid 
pouring  as  in  pipe  foundries;  also  bottom  tap  ladles;  truck  ladles; 
reservoir  ladles,  etc.  Bulletin  No.  62. 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

LAMPS.  Arc.  Westinghouse  arc  lamps.  Mill-type  lamps 
specially  designed  to  withstand  the  jarring  of  heavy  mill  machinery. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  99 


LAMPS,  BLAST.     Separately  operated  on  gasoline,  supplying  its 
own  pressure.     Heat  may  be  quickly  regulated  from  that  of  a  blast 
burner  down  to  that  of  the  smallest  Bunsen  flame. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

LAMPS,    INCANDESCENT.     Westinghouse.     For    lighting    mills 
and  industrial  plants. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

LAMPS.     Metallic-Filament.    See  Metallic-Filament  Manufacture. 

LAMPS,  METALLIC  FLAME  ARC.     Westinghouse.     For  outdoor 
illumination  about  mills,  furnaces  and  industrial  plants. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

LAMP-FILAMENT  PASTE.  For  securing  the  filaments  of  in- 
candescent lamps  to  their  leads  and  anchors  a  paste  using  pure 
Acheson  graphite  as  a  base  has  proven  remarkably  successful. 
Grades  "  1310  "  and  "  1340  "  as  applied  to  this  purpose  are  practi- 
cally chemically  pure,  free  from  metallic  oxides,  contain  no  volatile 
matter,  are  ground  extremely  fine,  and  are  excellent  electrical  con- 
ductors. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

LANTERNS.  Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  for  observing  and  regu- 
lating the  flow  of  gases  in  towers.  These  lanterns  are  provided  with 
a  perforated  grate  plate,  the  holes  of  which  are  closed  by  little  balls. 
The  draught  can  be  regulated  from  the  outside  by  moving  the  balls 
away  to  the  side. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

LANTERNS.     Made  of  the  very  best  clay  material  and  covered 
with  acid-proof  glazing  in  order  that  the  liquid  condensation  can  go 
on  uninterruptedly.  The  slots  in  which  the  panes  of  glass  are  inserted 
should  be  of  proper  construction  to  insure  a  proper  fit. 
— U.  S,  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

LATHE,  POLISHING  AND  BUFFING  LATHE.  Independent 
spindle  polishing  and  buffing  lathe.  Practically  two  lathes  com- 
bined in  one  machine.  Saves  time  and  expense.  Workman  at 
either  end  of  spindle  can  change  wheels  without  stopping  the  ma- 
chine. If  the  polisher  at  one  end  stops  to  change  wheels,  the  other 
may  continue  with  his  work  without  interference.  No  countershaft 
required  with  this  machine. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

LATHE.     The  "  IXL  "  for  grinding  and  polishing.     Detachable 
spindle,  strong,  efficient.     Belt  runs  to  shaft  overhead  or  through 
floor. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


100        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

LAVOISITE.     See  Oxygen  Generator. 

LEACHING  BATTERIES,  or  Leaching  Cells. 

— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  Co.,  CHICAGO,   ILL.,   (Formerly  American 
Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 

LEACHING  CELLS.     See  Cells,  Leaching,  Also  Diffusion  batteries. 

LEAD,    ANTIMONIAL.     Used   in   Babbitt   mixtures,   etc.,   coffin 
hardware,  etc. 
— C.  W.  LBAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

LEAD-BURNING      APPARATUS.     See     also      Welding,      Oxy- 
hydrogen. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

LEAD  CONCENTRATES.     60%  to  70%  Lead. 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

LEAD-LINED  or  covered  pipe.     See  Pipe. 

LEAD   REFINING.     Raw  lead  containing  silver  and  other  im- 
purities is  now  refined  on  a  large  scale  by  the  electrolytic  process 
with  advantageous  results,  both  as  regards  costs,  and    clean  work 
and  high  metal  recoveries.     Complete  information  on  application. 
— ANSON  G.  BETTS,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

LEAD  SULPHATE. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

LEBLANC  CONDENSER.     See  Condenser. 

LIGHTNING  ARRESTERS.  Tips  made  from  solid  graphite 
blocks  retain  their  firm  sharp  edges  and  corners.  Possess  peculiar 
non-arcing  properties.  Ease  of  drilling  and  threading  assures 
reliable  contact  with  metallic  conductor.  Contain  no  volatile  or 
fusible  material.  Economically  produced  without  moulds. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

LIME,  CHLORIDE  OF.     Bleaching  Powder. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

LIME-KILN  LININGS.     See  Linings. 

LEAD.     Acetate  of  lead  crystals  and  solutions. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

LINING  TILES  OF  FUSED  SILICA.     (See  also  Quartz,   Fused 
in  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 

— THERMAL  SYNDICATE,  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  101 


LINING  TILES  OF  STONE-WARE.     For  large  collecting  vats  for 
floors  in  Laboratories,  acid  chambers,  etc. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

LININGS  for  brass    furnaces,  cement  kilns,  cupolas,  forges,  fur- 
naces, gas  producers,  locomotive  fire  boxes,  lime  kilns,  ladles. 
— THE  ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  COMPANY,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

LOCOMOTIVE  FIRE-BOX  LININGS.     See  Linings. 
LOCOMOTIVE  TILE      See  Tile. 

LOCOMOTIVES.     Electric  Mine  and  Industrial.       Westinghouse. 
For  handling  iron  and  other  ores  and  for  general  industrial  service 
in  metallurgical  plants. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

LUBRICANTS.     See  also  Aquadag,  Gredag  and  Oildag. 

LUBRICANTS.  The  lubricating  properties  of  graphite  have  long 
been  recognized,  but  their  adoption  has  beyond  question  been 
materially  retarded  by  the  fact  that  all  natural  graphites  contain  a 
greater  or  less  quantity  of  impurity  detrimental  to  bearings.  Now, 
however,  soft,  unctuous,  graphite  guaranteed  at  least  99%  pure, 
is  being  manufactured  in  the  electric  furnace,  and  this  gives  as- 
su>-ance  that  graphite  lubrication  is  destined  to  rapidly  increase. 
Being  amorphous,  it  is  reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  in  which 
form  it  easily  wo  ks  into  the  minute  irregularities  of  both  bearing  and 
shaft,  reducing  friction  to  the  minimum  and  preventing  wear  of  the 
parts.  It  can  be  mixed  with  grease  or  oil. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

LYE.     Lewis  98%.     Powdered  and  perfumed.     American.  Sapon- 
ifier,  Greenwich. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MAGAZINES.     See  Periodicals. 

MAGNESIA,    ELECTRICALLY   CALCINED.     Especially  valuable 
as  a  heat  and  electric  insulator  when  used  in  furnace  packing,  etc. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

MAGNESIA  BRICK.     See  Brick,  Magnesia. 

MAGNESIA,  ELECTRO.  Supplied  in  powder  or  granular  form 
or  as  articles  molded  from  it,  such  as  tubes,  crucibles,  pyrometers, 
basins,  pipes,  muffles,  plates  and  triangles.  The  electro-magnesia 
is  highly  infusible  and  will  stand  a  temperature  of  1900°  C.  It  is 
especially  valuable  for  heating  and  melting  alkaline  substances. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


102        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

MAGNESIA.     Epsom  Salt. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

MAQNESITE. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

MAQNESITE.  The  ideal  basic  refractory.  Dead-burned  or 
grain  magnesite,  for  making  the  bottoms  in  basic  open-hearth  steel 
furnaces.  A  more  limited  use  of  magnesite  is  to  make  bottoms  in 
mechanical  puddling  furnaces,  heating  furnaces,  and  tamped  in 
the  side  walls  of  copper  reverberatories  to  take  the  splash  of  the 
metal. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MAQNESITE  BRICK.     See  Brick,  Magnesite. 

MAQNESITE  CEMENT. 

— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MAGNESIUM.     Metallic.     Practically  pure,  made  by  the  electro- 
lytic process  in  stick  form.     Valuable  deoxidizing  agent  for  iron, 
steel,  copper,  aluminium,  brass,  bronze,  nickel  and  zinc  mixtures. 
Specific  gravity  1.74,  melting  point  649°  C.  (1200  °F.) 
— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MAGNETIC  SEPARATORS.  For  separating  from  each  other 
materials  of  different  magnetic  permeability.  These  machines  solve 
many  problems  in  metallurgy,  ore  concentration  and  industrial 
economy,  for  instance:  Eliminating  iron  from  brass  and  other 
metal  turnings  and  fine  scrap;  recovering  iron  from  foundry  refuse; 
removing  scrap  iron  from  coal,  grain,  drugs,  etc.,  where  any  piece  of 
iron  is  liable  to  injure  the  crushing  or  grinding  machinery;  con- 
centrating ore,  such  as  iron,  copper  sulphides,  zinc  blends,  nickel 
tin,  tungsten,  monozite,  corundum,  energy,  etc.;  removing  mag- 
netite from  materials  because  of  chemical  objections;  removing  iron 
and  recovering  abrasive  material  from  grinding  refuse,  etc.  We 
have  been  building  magnetic  separators  for  years  and  our  exten- 
sive experience  is  at  the  service  of  our  customers.  Preliminary 
tests  made  without  charge. 
— DINGS  ELECTRO-MAGNETIC  SEPARATOR  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

MAGNETIC  SEPARATORS.  Wet  or  dry.  Any  capacity.  For 
concentrating  poor  iron  ores  in  crushings  from  1"  down;  for  separa- 
ting from  raw  crushings  ores  of  copper,  manganese,  zinc,  lead, 
molybdenum,  nickel,  cobalt,  wolfram,  tin,  monazite  sands,  chromium 
gold,  silver  and  platinum. 

MARCUS  RUTHENBERG,  LONDON. 

MANGANESE.  Registered  trade-mark  "  Thermit."  Free  from 
carbon,  made  by  the  aluminothermic  method.  As  it  contains 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  103 

neither  carbon  nor  iron,  it  is  especially  useful  as  a  deoxidizing  agent 
in  the  copper,  brass  and  nickel  industries;  also  for  the  manufacture 
of  high-class  steel.  Melting  point,  1245  degrees  C.  (2273  degrees  F). 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,   NEW   YORK. 

MANGANESE. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MANGANESE.     Fused.     98-99%    pure,    carbonless.     (Traces   of 
iron). 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MANGANESE-COPPER.  Made  in  the  electric  furnace  from  the 
pure  oxide  of  manganese.  Contains  from  25%  to  30%  manganese 
and  is  practically  free  from  iron  and  other  impurities.  Used  for 
making  manganese  bronze  and  for  introducing  small  amounts  of 
manganese  in  copper  alloys.  A  second  brand,  Manganese-Copper 
No.  2,  contains  25%  ma»ganese  and  about  3%  iron;  used  for  making 
manganese  bronze. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

MANGANESE-COPPER.  (30-70%)  Registered  trade-mark  "Ther- 
mit." Offers  the  same  advantages  as  a  deoxidizing  agent  for 
copper,  brass  and  nickel,  as  pure  manganese.  Is  produced  by  the 
aluminothermic  method.  The  melting  point  of  manganese-copper 
being  lower  than  that  of  pure  manganese,  however,  makes  this  alloy 
more  convenient  to  use.  It  is  free  from  carbon  and  technically  free 
from  iron. 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MANGANESE-COPPER  alloy. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MANGANESE  ORE. 

— E.  J.  LA  VINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MANGANESE  OXIDE. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MANGANESE-TIN.  (50-50%)  Registered  trade-mark  "  Thermit." 
Made  with  pure  metallic  manganese,  free  from  carbon,  produced  by 
the  aluminothermic  method.  Is  technically  free  from  iron  and  the 
melting  point  being  lower  than  that  of  metallic  manganese,  makss 
this  alloy  more  convenient  to  use  as  a  deoxidizing  agent. 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MANGANESE-ZINC.  (20-80%)  Registered  trade-mark  "  Ther- 
mit." Made  with  pure  metallic  manganese,  free  from  carbon,  pro- 
duced by  the  aluminothermic  method.  Is  tech  lically  free  from 
iron  and  the  melting  point  being  lower  than  that  of  metallic  man- 


104        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 


ganese,  makes  this  alloy  more  convenient  to  use  as  a  deoxidizing 

agent. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MANGANESE  WIRE.     See  Wire. 

MANIFOLDS  HYDRAULIC.  ATWOOD.  A  manifold  is  a  group 
of  valves,  piping  and  operating  valves  designed  to  operate  by 
hydraulic  pressure  various  apparatus,  about  iron  and  steel  works. 
The  manifolds  are  fitted  up  complete  in  the  shop  and  are  shipped 
ready  for  installation. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

MARIOTTE  BOTTLES.      With  outlets  for  water  gauge  and  oulet 
for  ground-in  cock  at  bottom,   made  of  acid-proof  stoneware  in 
various  capacities. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

MARIOTTE  DROP  FLASKS  OF  STONE-WARE.     With  two  water 
gauge  sockets,  bottom  outlet,  ground  in  cock. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

MATS  AND  MATTING,  RUBBER.  Moulded  rubber  mats,  Treads, 
Perforated  rubber  mats  of  any  shape  or  size,  Corrugated  matting  in 
all  thicknesses  up  to  72"  in  stock  or  made  to  order.  This  material 
makes  a  splendid  floor  covering  as  it  does  not  absorb  dust  or  dirt. 
It  decreases  noise,  and  is  invaluable  as  a  floor  insulation  in  front  of 
switchboards,  etc.  We  use  only  such  stock  as  will  insure  maximum 
wear. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

MATS   AND   MATTING.     Perforated  mats,  knob  matting,   com- 
bination or  checker-board  matting,  corrugated  and  cross-corrugated 
matting. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

MAX  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding.     Mill. 

MELTING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers  Piqua  Positive. 

MELTING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  Melting. 

METALLIC  FILAMENT  MANUFACTURE.  Apparatus  made  of 
pure  fused  silica  supplied  for  the  baking  of  metallic  filaments  at  high 
temperatures.  Entirely  free  from  carbon  and  not  subject  to  break- 
age through  changes  of  temperature.  Tubes  and  boats  for  filament 
furnaces  made  to  customers  requirements. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD-,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  105 

METALLURGY.  See  Cyanide  Process,  Chlorination,  Elec- 
trolysis, Furnaces,  etc. 

METALLURGICAL  EQUIPMENT  and  Milling  Machinery  of  any 
kind  for  works  for  the  recovery  of  metals,  or  from  their  ores. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 
— HARDINGE  CONICAL  MILL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— LEHIGH  CAR  WHEEL  &  AXLE  WORKS,  CATASAUQUA,  PA. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  CRUSHER  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— THOS.  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

— RAYMOND  BROS.  IMPACT  PULVERIZER  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
— SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

MILL  BRICK.     See  Brick. 

MILLS,  CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.  See  Crushing  and  Grind- 
ing. 

MINT  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Mint. 

MIXER,  CHASER.  Consists  of  a  strong  iron  pan  in  which  travels 
a  roller  followed  by  scrapers  which  serve  to  keep  the  material  on 
the  floor  of  the  pan  and  position  to  be  passed  over  by  the  roller.  It 
is  used  for  mixing  mortar,  putty,  white  lead,  heavy  pastes  and 
similar  materials.  Also  for  crushing  glass  oxide  of  copper  and  other 
materials  in  a  dry  or  semi-dry  state. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

MIXERS.     Various  kinds. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MIXERS.  For  mixing  materials,  either  dry  or  wet,  or  wet  and 
dry  together.  The  mixers  combined  with  evaporators  for  mixing 
solutions  and  emulsions,  or  keeping  material  in  suspension.  The 
same  machine  may  be  used  for  evaporating  the  liquid  after  it  is 
mixed,  if  desired.  These  machines  are  used  in  connection  with  con- 
densers or  any  type  or  may  be  used  without  condensers.  If  desired 
may  be  steam  heated,  fire  heated,  or  heated  with  hot  gases  or  any 
kind.  Are  very  rapid  in  their  operation  in  both  mixing  and  evapor- 
ating the  mixed  product  made  in  large  and  small  openings  and  to 
suit  any  conditions  or  requirements. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

MIXERS,  DAY'S.  The  tank  is  made  of  wrought  steel  bolted  to 
cast  iron  ends.  The  shafts  of  the  mixer  are  steel  and  the  bearings 
made  of  gun  metal.  Stuffing  boxes  are  made  of  gun  metal  in  the 
form  of  a  sleeve  which  fits  over  the  shaft,  effectually  preventing 
the  material  coming  into  contact  with  the  bearings  and  oil.  Day's 
mixers  are  made  in  over  fifty  forms.  Each  machine  being  per- 


106        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

fectly  adapted  for  its  particular  purpose,  with  tank  capacities  ranging 
from  fifty  to  five  hundred  gallons,  and  with  mixing  arms  or  agitators 
made  for  the  work  for  which  the  mixer  is  intended. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

MIXERS,   DAY'S  IMPERIAL.     Especially  strong  and  made  for 
mixing  heavy  pastes.     It  is  also  made  with  steam  jacket  for  heating 
material  while  mixing. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

MIXERS   for  heavy  masses,    pastes,    liquids  and    powders.     All 
sizes;  steam  and  water  jacketed. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

MIXERS.     Of  stoneware,  for  thorough  mixing  of  chemical  solu- 
tions.    Non-corrosive.     Any  size  or  style. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

MIXERS.  Kneading  and  mixing  machinery  of  highest  efficiency 
for  handling  rubber  materials,  soaps,  paints,  greases,  chemical  com- 
pounds of  all  kinds.  All  types  for  all  requirements.  Cincinnatus 
mixer,  of  rigid  construction,  for  mixing  pastes,  greases,  polishes, 
and  powdered  material.  Mastodon  mixer  for  mixing  and  kneading 
heavy  pastes  and  masses,  like  putty,  whitelead,  lithograph  inks,  soaps, 
and  lubricating  greases;  this  type  may  also  be  jacketed  for  steam 
connection  for  heating  the  material  during  the  mixing  operation. 
Thorobred  single-arm  mixer  for  the  preparation  of  soft  substances, 
like  soaps  and  polishing  materials.  Twin  paste  and  color  mixer  for 
mixing  white  lead  in  oil,  for  stiff  paste  and  paints.  Pony  mixer, 
presto  mixer,  typhoon  mixer,  etc. 
— LYNN-SUPERIOR  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

MIXERS.  Dopp,  consist  of  the  cast-iron  seamless  steam-jacketed 
kettles,  equipped  with  agitators  of  various  types.  The  agitators  are 
operated  either  by  hand  or  by  belt  power,  and  in  the  smaller  sizes 
can  be  easily  and  quickly  raised  out  of  the  kettle  and  swung  to  one 
side.  The  choice  of  the  type  of  agitator  is  governed  by  the  nature  of 
the  liquid  or  semi-solid  materials  to  be  mixed,  ranging  from  light 
watery  fluids  to  thick  doughy  pastes.  One  type  of  agitator  scrapes 
the  entire  inside  surface  of  the  kettle  to  prevent  the  overheating  of 
the  materials. 
— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

MIXERS.     Heavy  mass  mixers  for  mixing  all  classes  of  plastic 
materials  in  sizes  from  5  gallons  upwards. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MIXERS,  PONY.  This  machine  is  used  for  mixing  plastic  sub- 
stances or  liquids.  The  can  revolves  in  one  direction  and  the  stirring 
arms  in  the  opposite  direction.  The  stirring  arms  can  be  raised 
with  rack  and  pinion,  which  allows  the  can  to  be  readily  removed  for 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  107 

emptying.     The  can  is  made  of  heavy  galvanized  iron.     Capacity 
25  gallons.     Floor  space,  46  in.  x  30  in.     Weight  400  Ibs.  pulleys, 
18  in.  x  4  in.     Height,  4  ft.  3  in.     Revolutions  25. 
— P.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MIXERS.     Steam-jacketed  kettles  with  mixers. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

MIXERS  AND  KNEADERS,  UNIVERSAL.  For  use  in  almost  any 
industry  in  one  or  other  of  its  varieties.  Made  in  a  number  of  sizes 
or  capacities  and  in  various  types  to  suit  the  requirements  incident 
to  the  material  which  it  has  to  handle. 

Type  I.  Made  in  sizes  up  to  two  gallons,  chiefly  for  laboratory 
purposes.  The  machine  although  comparatively  light  is  strong 
enough  to  handle  materials  of  the  consistency  of  putty  and  if  desired 
it  can  be  supplied  with  steam-jacket. 

Type  II.  Made  in  capacities  of  2,  4*  and  9  gallons.  This  ma- 
chine has  a  cast  iron  trough  which  is  tooled  and  finished  on  the 
inside.  The  trough  can  be  taken  apart  so  as  to  facilitate  the  re- 
moval of  the  agitators  and  thereby  allowing  thorough  cleaning  of  the 
machine.  The  machine  is  especially  adapted  for  mixing  and 
kneading  pill  masses  and  all  putty-like  material. 

Type  IV.  Called  "  Masticator  "  and  is  especially  adapted  for 
working  very  tough  masses,  such  as,  India  rubber  and  gutta  percha. 
The  machine  is  provided  with  steam  jacket  and  heatable  blades. 
Where  required,  steam  and  cold  water  can  be  turned  on  alternately. 
The  machine  cannot  be  tilted  but  discharging  of  the  material  is 
effected  by  raising  a  flap  door  in  front  of  the  machine.  This  type 
of  machine  is  made  in  sizes  of  10  and  46  gallons  capacity. 

Type  II-V  and  II-VI.  Called  the  Nitro-type  as  it  is  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  smokeless  powder  and  other  explosives. 
This  machine  is  in  use  in  great  numbers  by  nearly  all  the  govern- 
ments of  the  globe  as  well  as  by  a  large  number  of  private  gun- 
powder manufacturers.  Made  in  sizes  of  20  and  50  gallons.  The 
trough  is  of  cast  iron,  tooled  and  polished  on  the  inside.  For  heating 
or  cooling,  as  the  case  may  be,  the  bottom  part  of  the  trough  has  a 
jacket.  The  trough  can  be  taken  apart  similar  to  type  II  so  as  to 
allow  removal  of  agitators  and  thorough  cleaning.  The  machine 
can  be  provided  with  an  air  tight  cover  so  as  to  prevent  loss  of 
solvent  or  escape  of  noxious  vapors.  The  machine  once  charged 
with  the  ingredients  can  be  left  to  itself  until  the  kneading  and 
mixing  process  is  completed.  The  driving  axle  of  the  machine  is 
provided  with  a  safety-lock  which  makes  it  impossible  for  the  ma- 
chine to  get  accidentally  started.  The  machine  is  perfectly  safe  to 
handle.  As  far  as  we  know  no  explosion  ever  occurred  in  a  mixing 
room  where  our  machines  were  used. 


108        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Type  V  and  VI.  Made  in  sizes  from  20  to  250  gallons.  The  type 
V  and  VI  being  practically  identical  with  this  difference,  that 
type  V  is  made  for  hand  tilt,  whereas  type  VI  is  tilted  by  power. 
The  machine  is  suitable  for  almost  every  kind  of  work  and  is  used 
principally  in  the  manufacture  of  macaroni,  vermicelli,  paints, 
putties  and  a  large  variety  of  chemical  products. 

Type  IX.  Made  in  sizes  of  50,  100  and  150  gallons  capacity.  The 
trough  of  the  machine  is  provided  with  steam  jacket  and  heatable 
agitators  and  the  machine  is  tilted  by  power.  All  our  steam  jackets 
are  guaranteed  to  stand  a  working  pressure  of  up  to  100  pounds  per 
square  inch  or  seven  atmospheres.  This  machine  is  especially 
adapted  for  work  where  high,  low  or  varied  temperature  is  required, 
as  for  instance  in  the  manufacture  of  such  materials  as  chocolate, 
cocoa,  chewing  gum,  linoleum,  electric  carbon,  etc. 

Type  X.  The  distinctive  feature  of  this  type  of  machine  is,  that 
they  cannot  be  tilted;  discharge  of  the  material  being  effected  by 
means  of  flaps  or  valves  at  the  bottom  of  the  trough.  The  larger 
machines  are  usually  supplied  with  four  openings.  This  type  of 
machine  is  built  in  sizes  of  from  100  to  2650  gallons  capacity.  They 
are  chiefly  used  for  mixing  or  stirring  liquids,  semi-liquids,  granu- 
lated materials,  dry  powders  or  colors  which  offer  comparatively 
little  resistance. 
— WERNER  AND  PFLEIDERER,  SAGINAW,  MICH. 

MIXING  TANKS.  Graham  chemical  stoneware  tanks  in  all  sizes, 
for  mixing  corrosive  liquids  containing  acids,  alkalies,  chlorine 
etc.  Furnished  in  either  round  or  square  pattern  with  inlets,  out- 
lets, etc.,  according  to  needs  of  customer.  Guaranteed  to  be 
chemical  proof. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

MIXING  TANKS,  Kettles  and  Machinery.  Queen  mixing  kettle, 
plain  or  porcelain  lined;  any  style  or  size  to  order.  Golden  Crown 
mixing  machine,  porcelain  lined,  double  mixer,  capacity  15  gallons. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

MOLYBDATE  OF  AMMONIA. 

— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

MOLYBDENUM.  Registered  trade-mark  "Thermit".  Manu- 
factured by  the  aluminothermic  process.  Of  very  high  and  uniform 
quality  and  free  from  carbon. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MOLYBDENUM.     Fused,  98-99%  pure  carbonless.     Also  powder 
90-92%. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  109 

MOLYBDENUM.     Metal.     Low  carbon. 
— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

MOLYBDIC   ACID.     For   phosphor   determinations.     Chemically 
pure  100%   MoO3,  free  from  ammonia.     Commercially  pure  80% 
MoO3,  with  2£  to  7£%  NHg,  but  free  from  other  impurities. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

MONEL  METAL  WIRE.     See  Wire. 

MONTEJUS,  AUTOMATIC. 

— BETHLEHEM  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  SOUTH  BETHLEHEM,  PA. 

MONTEJUS,  AUTOMATIC.     System  Dr.  Plath,  made  of  acid-proof 
stoneware,  in  various  sizes.     Work  automatically.     The  valves  are 
ball  valves  accurately  ground. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

MONTEJUS  AUTOMATIC  "  WOT  AN."  Operated  by  one  cock 
only. 

MONTEJUS,  AUTOMATIC.  An  apparatus  for  lifting  acids 
automatically  and  continuously  by  means  of  compressed  air  or  steam. 
It  takes  the  place  of  the  old  style  "  Acid  Egg."  For  description 
as  to  general  appearance  and  construction  see  catalog  OO-2.  This 
Montejus  can  be  placed  anywhere;  takes  up  little  space;  requires  no 
attention  whatever;  works  continually.  The  pressure  of  com- 
pressed air  or  steam  can  vary  between  30  and  70  pounds  per  square 
inch,  without  interfering  with  the  regular  working  of  the  apparatus. 
The  great  advantage  of  this  apparatus  is  the  possibility  to  work  it 
economically  at  pressures  higher  than  actually  required  by  the 
height  of  lift  and  specific  gravity  of  acid.  Catalog  OO-2. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MONTEJUS,     AUTOMATIC.     Of  stoneware,  new  design,  simple 
construction,  and  very  efficient;  made  in  vanous  sizes,  capable  of 
lifting  acids  in  quantities  up  to  2600  gallons  per  hour. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

MONTEJUS  or  Acid  Eggs  of  Stoneware,  acid  proof,    exceedingly 
tough  material,  highly  resistant  against  pressure. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

MORTARS.     With  pestle,  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  vari- 
ous sizes. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

MOTORS,  ELECTRIC.     Alternating  Current  and  Direct  Current. 
For  every  character  of  service. 
— ALLIS.CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 


HO        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

MOTORS.     Westinghouse  dust-proof  motors.     For  cement,  cal- 
cining, ore-crushing  plants  and  steel  mills. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MOTORS.     Westinghouse  industrial  motors.     Specially  insulated 
to  resist  the  attacks  of  fumes. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MOTORS.      Westinghouse  large  industrial  motors.     Any  required 
capacity  for  operating  the  heaviest  mill  machinery,  on  either  alter- 
nating or  direct  current  circuits. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MOTORS.     Westinghouse  mill  motors.     Type  "  MS  "  for  alter- 
nating current  and  type  "  MT  "  for  direct  current  circuits  in  steel 
mill  and  other  severe  service. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MOTOR-GENERATOR.     Fly-wheel    sets.       Westinghouse.       For 
supplying  current  to  roll  motors,  and  for  cutting  off  the  "  peak  "  of 
the  load. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MOULDS.  Where  formerly  iron  moulds  were  used  for  casting 
metals,  such  as  gold  and  silver,  graphite  moulds  made  from  solid 
Acheson  graphite  blocks  99%  pure  are  now  employed  with  increased 
success.  Oxidation  of  the  mould  is  very  slight,  and  the  ingot  surface 
is  smooth  and  bright,  showing  the  reducing  action  of  the  graphite  on 
the  molten  metal.  Ease  of  machining  renders  economical  the  pro- 
duction of  moulds  of  various  forms.  Used  with  success  in  the 
glass  industry. 
—INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

MUFFLE  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Muffle. 

MUFFLE  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers  Piqua  Positive. 

MUFFLES.  Plumbago,  a  combination  of  pure  ceylon  plumbago 
and  Klingenburg  clay,  two  of  the  highest  heat  resisting  substances 
known.  Sizes  3"  x  4"  x  2J"  high  to  6"  x  8£"  x  4£"  high.  Clay, 
made  of  the  finest  clay  procurable  in  same  sizes  as  plumbago.  Write 
for  Catalog  B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

MUFFLES.  For  extremely  high  temperature  work,  99%  pure 
graphite  muffles  electrically  produced  at  a  temperature  of  7500°  F., 
hence  highly  refractory,  are  essential  to  secure  stable  service.  Easily 
machined,  threaded  and  cut.  All  sizes  up  to  8"  diam.  made  to  order. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

MUFFLES.  Pure  silica.  Entirely  resist  high  temperatures  and 
are  absolutely  clean.  Supplied  in  various  shapes  for  all  types  of 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  Ill 


furnaces.     Catalog  free.     (See  also  Quartz  fused,  in  Part  II  of  this 

Dictionary). 

— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

MULTIPLE  EFFECTS.     See  Evaporators. 
NEWAYQO  SCREEN.     See  Screen,  Newaygo. 
"  NICHROME  "  WIRE.     See  Wire. 

NICKEL  METAL. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

NICKEL  WIRE.     See  Wire. 
NICKEL-ALUMINIUM.     See  Aluminium,  Nickel. 

NICKEL  SALTS.  For  nickel  plating.  Free  from  impurities. 
Sample  analyses;  nickel  ammonium  sulphate  (double  salt);  15% 
nickel,  trace  iron,  no  arsenic  or  insoluble  matter.  N'ckel  sulphate 
(single  salt);  21%  nickel,  no  arsenic,  traces  of  iron  and  insoluble 
matter.  Made  by  the  Mond  Nickel  Co.  of  England.  Sole  agents. 
— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

NITRATING     CENTRIFUGALS.     See     Centrifugals,     Nitrating. 

NITRATING  POTS.  Of  stoneware;  in  different  forms  and  sizes. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

NITRATING  PLANTS,  system  Thomson.     The  "  displacement  " 
system  for  the  nitration  of  cotton  in  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder, 
nitrocellulose,  artificial  silk,  etc.     Gives  highest  yield  with  practi- 
cally no  loss  or  danger  from  fumes,  acid  splashes  and  burning  off. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

NITRATING  POTS  AND  KETTLES.     Made  of  acid-proof  stone- 
ware for  manufacturing  gun  cotton,   artificial  silk,   nitrocellulose, 
picric  acid,  etc.,  in  various  sizes  and  shapes. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

NITRIC   ACID   PLANTS,   of  all  capacities,   systems   Valentiner, 
Guttmann,  Uebel.  Griesheim,  etc. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

OIL  ATOMIZING  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

OILDAG.  An  ideal  lubricant,  consisting  of  deflocculated  Acheson 
graphite  in  colloidal  suspension  or  solution  in  oil.  Professor  C.  F. 


112        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Mallory  in  a  report,  reaches  the  following  conclusions:  "  For  the 
same  load  carried  on  a  journal  with  and  without  graphite  the  con- 
sumption of  oil  using  graphite  may  be  reduced  at  leas^  one-half.  The 
reduction  of  friction  is  at  least  25%  when  using  Oildag  with  an  equiva- 
lent saving  in  power.  The  low  coefficient  of  friction  shown  by  the 
fuel  oil,  gravity  35°  suggests  the  wide  use  of  fuel  oils  as  lubricators." 
Two  special  committees  of  the  Automobile  Club  of  America  found 
"  that  Oildag  added  to  the  lubricating  oil  in  suitable  proportions 
and  the  other  Acheson  preparations,  increases  the  efficiency  of  the 
engine;  decreases  the  smoke  from  the  exhaust;  decreases  the  quantity 
of  lubricating  oil;  retains  compression  in  cylinders;  caxises  the  en- 
gine and  gears  to  run  more  sweetly;  decreases  the  liability  of  burning 
out  bearings;  increases  the  life  of  all  bearings." 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

OIL  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 
OIL  HOSE.     See  Hose,  Oil. 

OIL  PROCESS,  RUTHENBURQ.     For  treating  sliming  sulphides 
by  gravity,  no  flotation,  making  savings  as  high  as  98%. 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

OIL  STORAGE  TANKS.     See  Tanks,  Oil  Storage. 

OPEN-HEARTH  BRICK.     See  Brick. 

OPEN-HEARTH  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Open  Hearth. 

ORE  CAR  DUMPING  machines. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

ORE  CHROME. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

ORE,  CHROME.  Sesquioxide  of  Chromium,  exceedingly  re- 
fractory, dense  and  neutral;  it  is  neither  acid,  basic,  reducing  nor 
oxidizing.  Used  principally  in  basic  open  hearth  furnaces  in  such 
places  as  along  the  back  walls  of  stationary  and  tilting  furnaces; 
on  the  floors  of  the  ports,  and  as  a  protection  to  the  silica  brick  in 
the  ports  and  furnace  blocks.  Chrome  ore  is  generally  useful  where 
chemical  action  and  high  temperature  combined  are  to  be  resisted. 
We  can  furnish  a  chrome  ore  running  especially  low  in  silica  and 
containing  from  38  to  42  per  cent  of  chromium  sesquioxide,  and  a 
chrome  ore  running  50  per  cent  chromium  sesquioxide  or  over 
shipping  either  in  lump  form  or  finely  ground,  as  ordered. 
— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ORE,  CHROME.     Refractory  for  furnace  linings. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  113 

ORES  AND  RARE  MINERALS. 

— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENG. 

— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

— E.  J.  LAVINO  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ORE-HANDLING  storage  and  rehandling  machinery. 
— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

ORE  MILLING  MACHINERY.     See  Metallurgical  Equipment  and 
Milling  Machinery. 

ORE  TESTING.     See  Testing  of  Ores. 

ORE    TREATMENT.     See    "  Cyanide    Process "    and    "  Filter. 
Slimes." 
— THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ORE  WASHER.     Scaife  patent  automatic  trough  washer.     For 
economically  cleaning  and  concentrating  gold,   silver,   lead,   man- 
ganese and  other  ores,  especially  where  ores  of  low  grade  are  handled 
in  large  quanties.     See  also  under  "Washer." 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

OXONE.  A  solid  non-brittle  mass  of  fused  sodium  peroxide, 
cast  into  moulds  of  various  shapes.  Contact  with  water  liberates 
oxygen  gas  of  99.6%  purity,  the  impurity  being  moisture.  On 
account  of  its  capacity  to  absorb  carbon  dioxide  and,  while  in  the 
state  of  reaction,  to  destroy  germs,  it  is  also  being  used  for  the 
purification  and  regeneration  of  air. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OXONE  PRESSURE  GENERATOR.  Also  in  the  market  under 
the  name  Goodyear  Generator.  Smallest  size  holding  3  Ibs.  oxone 
or  producing  about  7  cu.  ft.  of  the  gas.  Larger  types.  The  pressure 
is  created  automatically.  Is  ordinarily  adjusted  -to  standard  of  3  Ibs. 
Is  able  to  automatically  work  up,  however,  to  30  Ibs. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OXONE  GENERATOR,  PORTABLE.     Low  pressure;  used  princi- 
pally for  medical  purposes  and  in  laboratories. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OXY-ACETYLENE  PROCESS.       See  Welding,  Oxy-acetylene,  and 
Cutting,  Oxy-acetylene. 

OXYGEN.     For    sale    in    oxygen    cylinders.     Oxygen    cylinders 
recharged.     See  Welding,  Oxy-acetylene. 
— AMERICAN  OXYGEN  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


114        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

OXYGEN   GENERATOR   and   compressor.     Oxygen   gas  can   be 
produced  about  97  to  98%  pure  with  the  chlorate  of  potash  process 
in  any  oxygen  plant  and  compressed  into  cylinders.     The  maximum 
pressure  300  Ibs.  per  sq.  in. 
— DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OXYGEN  GENERATOR,  LAVOISITE.  Water  is  admitted  to 
Lavoisite  in  the  generator  causing  an  evolution  of  oxygen  gas, 
which  passes  to  the  scrubber  and  thence  to  the  receiving  tank.  As 
this  generator  can  be  shipped  to  any  point  and  set  up,  and  as  the 
Lavoisite  is  shipped  in  drums,  pure  oxygen  can  be  produced  on  a 
large  or  small  scale  at  small  cost  and  without  danger.  Specially 
useful  in  connection  with  acetylene  for  oxy-acetylene  welding  and 
cutting.  See  Welding,  Oxy-acetylene. 
— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

OXYGENITE.  A  product  of  an  electrolytic  process,  in  the  form 
of  a  grey  pulverulent  mass  resembling  fine  sand,  partially  soluble 
in  water,  and  possessing  the  property  of  releasing  by  incineration  in 
a  closed  vessel  all  the  oxygen  it  contains,  amounting  to  about  5i 
cubic  feet  per  Ib.  It  can  be  ignited  by  ignition  powder  or  other 
means.  Oxygenite  burns  slowly  and  without  flame.  The  residue 
of  the  combustion  is  a  friable  slag,  which  makes  a  valuable  fertilizer. 
Oxygenite  can  be  kept  for  an  indefinite  time  without  deteriorating; 
it  is  not  affected  by  the  action  of  even  moist  air. 
— INDUSTRIAL  OXYGEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OZONE.     Siemens  ozone  apparatus  for  air  and  water  sterilization. 
For  houses  and  hospitals.     For  city  water  works.     Movable  ap- 
paratus for  army. 
— SIEMENS  &  HALSKE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OZONIZER.  VOHR  ELECTRIC.  An  electrical  apparatus  produc- 
ing ozone — Og — concentrated,  energized  oxygen — the  most  im- 
portant property  of  which  is  its  high  oxidizing  power.  Through 
this  process  air  is  purified.  Industrially  ozone  may  be  applied  wher- 
ever oxidation  is  an  important  factor.  Laboratory  and  staff  of 
electrochemists  are  at  the  service  of  any  reputable  firm  who  may  de- 
sire scientific  research  with  reference  to  the  application  of  the  Vohr 
method  of  ozone  production  to  their  particular  requirements. 
— STANDARD  ELECTRO-UTILITIES  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

PACKER,  DAY'S  LIGHTNING.  For  quickly  and  accurately 
filling  packages  of  from  a  half  ounce  to  6  pounds.  It  will  fill  cans, 
wide  mouth  bottles  or  packages  of  any  shape  and  has  a  capacity  of 
from  two  to  twelve  thousand  per  day.  The  material  is  forced  out 
and  does  not  depend  upon  gravity,  the  package  may  be  loosely  or 
compactly  filled  as  desired.  It  is  made  with  or  without  automatic 
feeder. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  115 

PACKING  MACHINES.  The  Daisy  Packer  is  made  for  filling 
sacks  and  kegs  from  eight  to  ninety-  eight  pounds  in  weight.  Used 
for  flour,  cement,  dry  paints,  whiting  and  similar  material.  It  is 
made  with  an  iron  frame  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  gears  in 
position.  Tubes  and  gears  of  different  sizes  are  furnished  according 
to  requirements.  The  machine  is  7  feet  4  inches  high  and  the  width 
of  the  frame  23  inches. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

PACKINGS.  Usudurian  (Turtle  Brand)  is  an  unvulcanized,  self- 
vulcanizing  rubber  sheet  packing  for  any  kind  of  steam,  hot  air,  or 
hot  water  joints.  This  packing  applied  in  its  unvulcanized  state 
readily  accommodates  itself  to  any  unevenness  in  the  surface  between 
which  it  is  placed.  When  steam  comes  in  contact  with  it,  Usudurian 
becomes  vulcanized.  It  is  not  affected  by  contraction  or  expansion 
and  can  be  used  on  what  is  called  a  vibrating  joint.  Particularly 
adapted  to  packing  steam-chest  covers  and  all  superheated  steam 
joints;  can  be  made  with  wire  insertion.  Black  Hawk  sheet  packing; 
a  high-grade  red  compound  with  a  plumbago-treated  surface. 
Joints  made  with  Black  Hawk  can  be  broken  and  remade  many 
times  without  spoiling  the  life  of  the  packing.  Not  affected  by 
ammonia  and  therefore  suitable  for  ice-plants.  Not  affected  by 
liquors,  steam  heat,  or  alkalies.  Giant  Red  Crescent  Sheet  Packing 
for  high-pressure  steam  packings.  Black  Cross  Packing  a  com- 
bination of  Usudurian  and  Giant.  Ammonia  rings  for  ice  machines. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

PACKINGS,   FLANGE  AND  JOINT.     We  manufacture  a  line  of 
packings,  either  pure,  or  with  cloth,    wire  or  sheet  metal  insertion 
that  will  make  perfect  joints  when  used  in  connection  with  air, 
steam,  water,  oil,  ammonia,  alkalies,  etc. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

PACKINGS,  PISTON  AND  VALVE  ROD.  We  supply  in  round  or 
square  lengths,  also  in  spiral  or  ring  form,  packings  made  from  the 
best  material  for  packing  piston  rods  and  valve  stems  of  steam,  gas 
and  air  pumps;  steam,  gas  and  air  engines,  etc.  Also  packings  for 
hot  water  and  hydraulic  purposes. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

PAINT,  INSULATING. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

PAINT  PIGMENT.  Graphite  as  a  paint  pigment  for  steel  and  iron 
is  unexcelled.  As  such  it  is  of  value  directly  in  proportion  to  its 
graphitic  carbon  content  and  fineness.  Acheson  graphite  is  the 
purest  offered,  and,  being,  amorphous,  is  capable  of  the  finest  grind- 
ing. Being  chemically  inert,  it  is  unaffected  by  atmospheric  con- 
ditions, gases,  fumes  and  moisture,  while  it  is  a  non-carrier  of  oxy- 
gen, thus  affording  real  protection  to  the  iron.  Works  easily  under 
the  brush,  but  does  not  brush  out  too  thin. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N,  Y, 


116        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

PALM  OIL  BLEACHER.  Bleaching  of  palm  oil  is  successfully 
accomplished  without  chemicals  with  the  Koerting  palm  oil  bleacher, 
by  means  of  oxygen  in  the  air.  This  apparatus  consists  of  a  closed 
iron  vessel,  on  the  top  of  which  is  installed  an  exhauster.  In  the 
vessel  is  a  heating  coil,  and  at  the  bottom  an  annular  air  distributing 
pipe  with  a  large  number  of  holes  connected  to  an  air  inlet  pipe. 
The  liquid  is  admitted  to  the  bleaching  vessel,  and  the  vessel  then 
closed  and  steam  admitted  to  the  coil  until  the  oil  has  reached 
212  deg.  F.  Exhauster  is  then  started  and  air  drawn  through  the 
oil,  thus  utilizing  the  oxygen  of  the  air  for  bleaching.  The  natural 
properties  of  the  oil  is  in  no  way  affected.  Bleaching  process 
takes  about  two  hours,  and  no  attention  is  required  after  starting 
until  the  process  is  completed.  Manufacturers'  catalog  EE-4 
fully  explains. 
— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PANS  VACUUM.  Of  cast  iron  with  copper  bottom  or  copper 
throughout,  also  special  pans  lined  with  lead,  silver,  etc.  These 
pans  can  be  used  for  a  great  variety  of  products  and  long  experience 
in  this  work  insures  a  pan  of  proper  design.  These  pans  with  or  with- 
out agitators  are  designed  for  the  particular  material  to  be  treated 
and  are  built  in  all  sizes  from  20  to  2,500  gallons.  These  pans  are 
heated  either  by  steam  coil  or  tubular  heater. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

PANS,  VACUUM.     Built  in  all  sizes  and  capacities  from  sheet  or 
cast  metal  best  suited  for  desired  service.     If  necessary  inside  of 
pans  can  be  lined  with  block  tin  or  sheet  lead.     For  reducing  solu- 
tions to  solids  pans  are  furnished  with  stirring  arrangement. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PANS  (VACUUM)  AND  EVAPORATORS.     Either  copper  or  iron 
vacuum    pans   or   stills   25   gallons   capacity  upwards.      Single   or 
multiple-effect  vertical  evaporators  for  concentrating  various  solu- 
tions. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PANS,   VACUUM.     Plain  or   porcelain-lined.     With  or  without 
mixers.     Catalog  216. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

PANS,  VACUUM. 

— KESTNER  EVAPORATOR  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

— SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  Co.,   CHICAGO,   ILL.   (Formerly  American 

Foundry  &  Machinery  Co.) 
— ZAREMBA  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 
(See  also  Evaporators.) 

PAPER  PULPING   MACHINE,    UNIVERSAL.     As  its  name  in- 
dicates this  machine  is  built  on  the  lines  of  our  "  Universal  "  Knead- 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  117 

ing  &  Mixing  Machine  (see  Mixers)  but  is  especially  adapted  for 
tearing  up  and  pulping  all  kinds  of  paper,  such  as,  dry  broken,  wet 
broken,  sulphite  fibre,  ground  wood,  oil  paper,  paper  shavings, 
folding  box,  box  board  cuttings,  scrap,  etc.,  all  classes  of  paper- 
stock  which  has  no  linen  or  canvas  lining.  The  chief  advantage  of 
this  machine  is  that  it  preserves  the  fibre  as  the  material  handled 
is  subjected  to  a  tearing  not  cutting  action.  The  trough  of  this 
machine  is  made  of  cast  iron  of  sufficient  weight  to  withstand  the 
hard  usage  it  is  subjected  to.  The  saddle  of  the  trough  is  toothed 
and  removable.  The  cast  steel  agitators  are  provided  with  toothed 
steel  plates  which  can  be  easily  adjusted.  This  machine  is  made 
in  two  sizes  of  160  to  210  gallons  capacity  respectively. 
— WERNER  &  PFLEIDERER,  SAGINAW,  MICH. 

PEBBLE  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

PERBORATE  MAGNESIUM.     Averaging  8%  available  oxygen. 
White  powder. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PERBORATE  SODIUM.     NaBO3  4H2O.     Average  10%  available 
oxygen.     A  white  powder  which  on  solution  in  water  forms  hydrogen 
peroxide  and  borax.     For  bleaching  panama  hats,  fine  laces,  silk 
and  ostrich  feathers. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PERBORATE    ZINC.     Formula   not    determined.     Averaging    7 
to  8%  available  oxygen.     White  powder,  soluble  in  acid  medium, 
insoluble  in  water. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PERCOLATORS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  various  sizes  and 
shapes  with  loose  sieves. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

PERCOLATORS.     Porcelain-lined. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

PERFORATED  METAL.     For  all  purposes. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

PERIODICALS.        Back    numbers    of    magazines,    trade    papers 
and  newspapers  supplied  at  moderate  rates.      Clippings  on  special 
subjects  furnished  promptly.      Magazines  of  all  kinds    bought  and 
exchanged. 
— A.  W.  CASTELLANOS,  JERSEY  CITY,  N.  J. 

PEROXIDE   CALCIUM.      70   to   80%   CAO2.      Averaging   17% 
available   oxygen.     Balance   CA(OH)2   and   CACO3.     Cream   color 


118        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

powder.     Soluble    in    acid    medium.     Suspended    in    water    more 
stable  than  magnesium   peroxide.     Very  slowly  dissociates  active 
oxygen.     For  bleaching  oils  and  therapeutic  purposes. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PEROXIDE  MAGNESIUM.  20-30%  MgO2.  A  compound  con- 
sisting of  magnesium  perhydroxide,  magnesium  hydroxide  and 
constitutional  water.  The  available  oxygen  averages  7  to  8%. 
Tasteless  white  powder.  Soluble  in  acid  medium.  Suspended 
in  water  slowly  dissociating  its  available  oxygen. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PEROXIDE  STRONTIUM.     80  to  90%   SrO2.     Averaging  12% 
available     oxygen.     Balance     strontium     hydroxide.     Impalpable 
white  powder,  soluble  in  acid  medium.     Partly  soluble  in  water. 
For  bleaching  oils  and  therapeutic  purposes. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PEROXIDE  ZINC.     50  to  55%  ZnO2.     Averaging  9%  available 
oxygen.     Balance  zinc  oxide  and  free  moisture.     A  fine  yellowish 
white  color.     Soluble  in  acid  medium.     Insoluble  in  water. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PHOSPHORIZERS.  Phosphorus  chargers  are  used  for  introducing 
phosphorus  into  phosphor-bronze.  Usually  made  of  graphite.  Are 
readily  machined  from  solid  Acheson  graphite  rods  99%  pure  graphite 
and  in  this  case  are  free  from  the  siliceous  bond  always  present  in  the 
moulded  article.  Thus  no  injurious  impurities  are  introduced  and 
the  carbon  in  this  pure  form  aids  in  freeing  the  molten  bath  from 
oxide  by  reducing  them. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

PICKLING  VATS.     For  brass  foundries,  platers  and  similar  works, 
of  especially  thick  and  highly  acid-proof  stoneware  material. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

PICKLING  VATS.  Of  stoneware  for  the  use  of  wire  drawers, 
brass  foundries,  etc.,  of  cylindrical  shape,  made  of  the  very  best 
acid-proof  clay  and  glazed  with  superior  acid-proof  glazing.  Are 
extra  thick  and  can  be  provided  with  faucet  ground  in  if  desired. 
Size  to  suit  purchaser. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

PIPE.  Copper  and  brass  pipe,  also  lead-lined  and  silver-lined 
copper,  brass  and  iron  pipe.  Made  by  a  patented  process  whereby 
the  lining  is  fastened  homogeneously  to  the  outer  covering  so  that  it 
cannot  possibly  be  detached.  No  plugs  or  rivets  of  any  kind  are 
used.  This  process  makes  the  pipe  far  superior  to  such  pipe  in 
which  the  lining  is  only  mechanically  adhered  to  the  covering.  This 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  119 

pipe  can  be  used  for  all  chemical  purposes  for  which  the  material 

of  the  lining  is  suitable. 

— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

PIPE,  ENAMELED  STEEL.  Acid  and  alkali-proof  pipe.  Made  of 
plate  steel  and  coated  with  an  enamel  that  is  absolutely  acid  and 
alkali  proof.  All  seams  are  welded  and  there  are  no  riveted,  bolted 
or  packed  joints.  Pipe  in  all  sizes  from  2"  to  54"  for  mines,  metal- 
lurgical and  chemical  works.  Suitable  for  acids,  alkalies,  fruit  juices, 
milk,  oils,  volatile  liquors  or  any  liquors  which  are  corrosive  in  their 
action.  Pipe  is  entirely  unaffected  by  electrolytic  corrosion.  Built 
for  any  pressure  the  steel  will  stand. 
— THE  ENAMELED  PIPE  &  ENGINEERING  Co.,  ELYRIA,  OHIO. 

PIPE  for  mines  and  cyanide  plants.  Manufacturers  of  a  special 
wood  pipe  with  copper  banding  for  use  in  mines  where  the  water 
contains  acid.  Also  manufacturers  of  pipe  for  irrigation,  power 
plants,  city  water  systems,  sewers.  Pipes  made  from  California 
redwood  and  Douglas  fir. 

— PACIFIC  TANK  &  PIPE  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,  PORTLAND,  ORE., 
Los  ANGELES,  CAL. 

PIPE.     LEAD-COVERED  pipes  and  coils  of  either  brass,  copper 
or  iron. 
— LEAD-LINED  IRON  PIPE  Co.,  WAKEFIELD,  MASS. 

PIPE.  LEAD-LINED  IRON  PIPE.  In  all  sizes,  either  flanged 
or  coupled,  for  any  corrosive  waters  or  acids.  The  lead  lining  on 
these  pipes  is  fused  onto  the  iron  and  the  two  metals  cannot  become 
separated,  either  by  hot  liquids  or  hard  usage.  Very  largely  used 
for  pumping  mine  waters  or  salt  water.  Also  for  conducting  all 
kinds  of  acids,  hot  or  cold;  for  a  hot  acid  a  hardened  lead  is  used. 
For  pulp  and  paper  mills  we  make  a  pipe  that  can  be  cut  out  to 
sketch,  for  either  wrought  iron,  cast  iron  or  spiral  riveted  pipe,  flanged 
or  screwed  joints. 
— LEAD-LINED  IRON  PIPE  Co.,  WAKEFIELD,  MASS. 

PIPE,  RUBBER  AND  FITTINGS.     For  conveying  acids,  alkalies, 
corrosive  liquors,  dyes,  brine,  etc. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PIPES  of  fused  silica  ware.     All  sizes.     (See  also  Quartz,  Fused  in 
part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THERMAL  SYNDICATE,  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

PIPES.     Steam  piping,  valves,  and  accessories. 
— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

PIPE  STONEWARE  AND  FITTINGS.  Flanged,  conical  flanged, 
or  socket,  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  all  sizes  and  lengths. 


120        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

The  pipes  can  also  be  had  with  a  cast-iron  mantle,  making  them  very 

durable  and  strong. 

— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PIPES  STONEWARE  AND  CONNECTIONS.  Graham  chemical 
stoneware  pipe  is  furnished  in  all  sizes  from  J"  to  48"  inside  diameter. 
Best  and  only  safe  material  for  handling  corrosive  liquids  such  as 
acids,  alkalies,  etc.,  as  well  as  gases  and  acid  fumes.  Pipe  provided 
for  all  kinds  of  joints  (clay  lute,  water  lute,  flanged,  etc.)  Fittings 
of  every  variety  such  as  elbows,  tees,  Y  branches,  traps,  etc.,  to 
correspond.  Warranted  chemical  proof. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

PIPE.     STONEWARE.     Perfectly  straight  and  round,   made  in 
any  diameter  and  up  to  lengths  of  118'  in  one  piece;  also  branch 
pipes,  tees,  bends,  etc. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

PIPE.     TIN-LINED   IRON   PIPE.     For  house   plumbing,   where 
the  water  is  conducted  from  springs;  for  carbonating  plants,  dairies, 
creameries,  and  wherever  a  superior  pipe  for  conducting  pure  water 
is  desired;  also  for  wineries,  for  paraffine  works,  etc. 
— LEAD-LINED  IRON  PIPE  Co.,  WAKEFIELD,  MASS. 

PIPES.     Water  pipe  lines  complete  with  valves  and  fittings. 
— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

PIPE.  WOOD  "  IMPROVED."  For  conveying  water  and  acids. 
Protected  on  the  exterior  by  imperishable  cement  and  preserved 
by  the  liquid  which  fills  the  pores  of  the  wood  in  the  shell,  this  pipe 
will  last  and  remain  in  perfect  condition  practically  indefinitely. 
Our  "  improved  "  wood  mine  and  acid  pipe  resists  the  action  of 
acids  and  alkali  solutions  and  is  especially  suitable  for  mines, 
collieries,  acid  and  alkali  works,  mineral  waters,  tanneries,  distilleries, 
etc.  We  also  make  steam-pipe  casings  for  covering  steam  pipes 
laid  underground. 
— MICHIGAN  PIPE  Co.,  BAY  CITY,  MICH. 

PIPE  WELDING.     See  Welding. 

PIPE.     Wrought  iron  and  steel.     All  standard  sizes  and  weights. 
Spiral  riveted  pipe,  sizes  3"  to  40"  inside  diameter  in  three  weights. 
Forged  steel  flanges  are  used  to  join  sections. 
— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

PIPING  SYSTEMS.     Complete,  for  steam,  water,  or  any  service 
designed,  built  and  erected — all  sizes  and  pressures. 
— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  121 

PITCHERS.  Graham  chemical  stoneware  pitchers  for  handling 
acids,  alkalies,  etc.,  in  every  strength.  Two  styles  made  and  all 
sizes  from  one  pint  to  five  gallons  capacity.  Ware  guaranteed  chemi- 
cal proof.  Pitchers  can  be  furnished  extra  heavy  or  extra  light  at 
no  increase  of  cost. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

PITCHERS.  Stoneware  acid  pitchers  are  made  in  sizes  to  suit  cus- 
tomers, from  £  gal.  to  10  gals,  capacity.  Have  a  good,  strong, 
properly  shaped  spout,  are  thoroughly  glazed,  and  will  hold  acids 
without  fear  of  contents  percolating  through  the  body  of  the  pitcher. 
Are  regularly  made  with  one  handle.  Two  handles  if  desired. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

PLACERS.     See  Amalgamating  Riffles. 

PLATINUM.     See  second  part  of  Dictionary,  devoted  to  Measur- 
ing Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supply. 

PLUMBAGO.  By  proper  selection  of  raw  materials,  graphites  of 
widely  different  characteristics  are  produced  in  the  electric  furnace. 
This  obviates  the  necessity  of  "  doping  "  the  graphite  to  impart 
certain  properties  for  special  purposes,  a  practice  sure  to  result  in 
loss  of  other  valuable  qualities.  Hence  the  increasing  popularity  of 
electrically  produced  graphites  for  such  purposes  as  dry  battery 
filler,  paint  pigment  for  steel  and  iron,  electrotyping  leads,  lubrica- 
tion, either  dry  or  mixed  with  oil  or  grease,  powder  glazing,  pipe- 
joint  compound,  furnace  linings,  lamp-filament  paste,  stove  polish, 
lead  pencils,  recarbonizing  steel,  foundry  facings,  and  all  electrical 
purposes. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

POLISH.     Victor  white.     For  imparting  a  fine  lustre  to  nickel- 
plated  work. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

POLISHING  LATHE.     See  Lathe. 

PORCELAIN  JAR  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Jar  Mill. 

PORCELAIN  WARE.  For  chemical  purposes,  of  the  Royal 
Berlin  Factory  and  other  well  known  manufacturers.  Made  in  any 
form  or  size.  Further  particulars  cheerfully  furnished  on  applica- 
tion. This  imported  ware  is  known  all  over  the  world  for  its  su- 
perior quality  and  great  resistance  against  temperature. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

POT  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding.  Mill. 


122        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

POTS,  JARS,  TRANSPORTING  VESSELS.     Of  acid-proof  stone- 
ware, from  13  gal.  to  528  gal.  capacity,  with  and  without  outlets,  in 
all  shapes,  conical,  cylindrical  or  oval  shape. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

POTS  and  vessels  of  fused  silica  ware.     (See  also  Quartz,  Fused, 
part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

POTASH.     American — Greenwich. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

POTASH.     BICHROMATE  OF  POTASH. 

— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

POWDER  JARS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  glazed  inside  and  out- 
side, with  ground-in  stoppers,  in  various  capacities,  from  i  gallon 
to  6£  gallons  capacity. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

POWER   TRANSMISSION    Machinery.     Belt    tighteners.      Boxes 
Couplings,  Gears,  Hangers,  Pulleys,  Rope  sheaves,  Shafting. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

POWER  TRANSMISSION  MACHINERY. 

— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PRESSES.  Machines  for  exerting  or  transmitting  pressure  by  means 
of  steam,  pneumatic,  hydraulic  or  other  power,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
densing or  compressing  various  materials  into  various  forms  or  shapes, 
and  also  for  extracting  liquids. 

PRESS,  AUTOMATIC  CONTINUOUS  SCREW.  This  press  is  of  a 
continuous  screw  type  and  consists  of  a  horizontal  tapered  screw, 
built  up  on  a  hollow  perforated  shaft,  arranged  so  as  to  allow  of 
admitting  steam  to  the  material  while  under  pressure,  if  desired. 
The  screw  fits  closely  inside  of  a  similarly  tapered  slatted  curb  and 
rotates.  The  gradual  decrease  in  size  of  the  screw  and  its  curb 
causes  the  pressure.  Drainage  is  both  internal  and  external.  Suit- 
able for  handling  offal  from  slaughter  houses,  fish  plants  and  similar 
material. 
— AMERICAN  PROCESS  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PRESS,  FOOT  LEVER,  DOPP.  Manufacturers  of  two  styles  of 
foot  presses,  as  used  in  pressing  or  stamping  soap,  toilet  and  various 
other  articles,  on  which  it  is  desired  to  put  an  impression.  Their 
particular  points  of  superiority  are  the  lightness,  strength  of  design, 
and  the  fact  that  the  head  and  base  are  cast  in  one  piece,  and  with 
the  way  in  which  the  ram  slides,  having  eight  wearing  surfaces,  are 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  123 

adjusted.     This  adjustment  of  the  ram  is  easily  effected  by  simple 

adjusting  screws. 

— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

PRESSES,  HYDRAULIC. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PRESS,  LEAD  CABLE,  KRUPP  HYDRAULIC.  A  horizontal 
press  (Huber  Patent)  by  which  ail  sizes  of  cables  are  covered  with  a 
suitable  lead  covering.  The  cables  are  fed  through  a  hollow  mandrel 
and  the  lead  is  pressed  upon  same  by  two  hydraulic  cylinders  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  press.  The  hollow  mandrel  and  matrice  are 
situated  in  the  middle  of  the  lead  cylinder.  This  type  of  press  gives 
a  more  uniform  thickness  of  lead  coating  than  one  can  depend  upon 
obtaining  with  presses  having  only  one  cylinder,  and  has  a  larger 
capacity  per  unit  of  cost  than  single  cylinder  presses. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

PRESS,  METAL,  KRUPP  HYDRAULIC.  For  making  round  bars 
or  bars  of  any  section,  of  brass,  aluminium,  or  other  metals  or  me- 
tallic alloys.  Owing  to  the  simple  locking  means  of  the  press,  the 
latter  can  be  rapidly  charged  with  red-hot  metal  blocks  and  rapidly 
set  into  operation.  The  metal  blocks  do  not  get  cool  and  the  pressing 
operation  takes  place  regularly.  The  press  is  a  horizontal  press 
having  a  double  acting  hydraulic  cylinder.  The  use  of  this  press  is 
especially  advantageous  when  sections  are  desired  that  cannot  be 
rolled,  and  under  any  conditions  a  more  compact  product  is  obtained 
by  pressing  than  by  rolling. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

PRESSURE  REGULATORS.  Lummus  Hydrostatic  Pressure 
Regulators  are  compact  machines,  self-contained  and  positive  in 
action.  They  will  control  pressures  ranging  from  100  to  i  Ib.  with  a 
variation  of  not  more  than  }  oz.  Especially  adapted  for  use  in 
connection  with  stills.  Applicable,  however,  in  any  case  where 
delicate  pressure  regulation  is  essential. 

— ;WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,   BOSTON,  MASS. 

PRODUCER,  GAS,  MORGAN.  Continuous  Gas.  Highest  econ- 
omy attained,  often  saving  50  per  cent  of  fuel  and  labor  in  the  pro- 
duction of  gas  for  roasting,  refining,  heating,  and  melting.  The 
special  feature  is  the  automatic  feed,  which  insures  almost  absolute 
uniformity  of  both  quantity  and  quality  of  gas  produced. 
— MORGAN  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  WORCESTER,  MASS. 

PRODUCER  GAS,  WESTINGHOUSE.  A  double-zone  suction 
producer  for  bituminous  coal.  Uses  to  advantage  good  coal,  and 
lignite,  etc.,  of  lower  value,  and  produces  a  pure  gas  suitable  for  use 
in  engines.  For  description  and  tests  see  Metallurgical  and  Chemical 
Engineering,  Vol.  8,  No.  3  (May  1910,)  p.  159.  Also  up-draft  suction 
producers  for  non-bituminous  fuels. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


124        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

PRODUCERS,  AMSLER,  for  power.  Made  in  both  suction  and 
pressure  types.  These  use  the  Amsler  producers  and  are  provided 
with  proper  scrubbing  devices.  The  governor  keeps  the  water  supply 
to  the  suction  producers  proportioned  so  that  the  gas  is  absolutely 
uniform.  These  producers  are  furnished  in  all  sizes  and  for  all 
grades  of  fuel,  and  to  meet  all  conditions. 
— WALTER  O.  AMSLER,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Producer,  Amsler  Automatic  Gas.  A  power-operated,  full  auto- 
matic device  for  making  gas  continuously  in  large  quantities  from 
any  coal.  The  producer  is  fed,  poked,  and  cleaned  automatically, 
by  means  of  a  very  simple  device.  The  coal-feeding  member  and 
the  poking  member  are  one  and  the  fuel  is  "  drilled  "  into  the  fuel 
bed  in  a  manner  similar  to  that  employed  in  agricultural  machinery 
for  planting  wheat.  This  member  has  an  epicycloidal  motion  through 
the  fuel  to  thoroughly  agitate  the  fire  and  to  properly  distribute  the 
coal.  The  coal  is  measured  in  an  adjustable  measuring  device,  and  the 
ash  is  removed  by  an  adjustable  ash  plow.  The  ash  is  dropped  into 
an  ash  hopper  from  which  it  may  be  drawn  at  convenient  intervals. 
— WALTER  O.  AMSLER,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Producer,  Amsler,  Hand-Operated.  For  fuel  gas  is  of  simple  and 
efficient  construction.  The  few  parts  make  it  inexpensive  to  install 
and  maintain.  In  operation  it  requires  the  minimum  labor  and  will 
gasify  any  coal  whatever  without  trouble  from  clinkers.  The  vertical 
sides,  numerous  poke  holes,  and  the  efficient  air  distributor  make  this 
possible. 
— WALTER  O.  AMSLER,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PULVERIZERS.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

PUMP.     Hard   rubber  piston  and  centrifugal   pumps  for  acids, 
alkalies,  corrosive  liquors,  dyes,  brine,  etc. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPS.  Chemical  stoneware  plunger  pumps,  single  action. 
Capacity  about  19  gallons  per  minute  at  40  revolutions.  Supplied 
complete  with  all  iron  work,  including  tight  pulley,  ready  for  opera- 
tion. All  working  parts  non-corrosive,  being  made  from  best  vitri- 
fied stoneware.  Blue  print  and  price  upon  application. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

PUMPS.  Of  all  kinds  for  hand,  steam  and  electric  power.  Ex- 
cellently adapted  for  use  in  chemical  factories,  as  all  parts  coming 
in  contact  with  the  liquids  are  made  of  the  best  acid  resisting  stone- 
ware. Centrifugal  pumps  for  raising  large  quantities  of  acids. 
Vacuum  pumps  (see  Catalog,  p.  4). 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPS,   ACID.     H.  &  V.   W.  patent  acid  pump  to  replace  all 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  125 


previous  crude  contrivances,  simple  to  operate  and  quick  to  act, 
reduces  the  danger  of  handling  acids,  to  a  minimum. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

PUMPS,  CENTRIFUGAL.  Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  capacity  up 
to  39,600  gallons  per  hour.  Tested  to  50%  higher  speed  than  listed. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

PUMPS  for  air  or  gas.     See  Blowers  Piqua  Positive. 

PUMPS  FOR  FLUIDS.     Vertical  or  horizontal  plunger,  made  of 
acid-proof  stoneware,  hand  power  or  belt  drive  to  suit  conditions, 
in  various  capacities,  single  or  double  cylinders. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPS  FOR  GASES.     Plunger,  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  for 
conveying  gases,  etc.,  in  various  sizes  and  capacities. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPS,  ROTARY.  Abb6-Frenier  Sand  Pump.  Spiral  type. 
This  special  rotary  pump  is  simple  in  construction,  cleanly  in  its 
operation  and  so  built  that  it  is  not  apt  to  become  rapidly  worn  by 
abrasion.  The  pump  is  used  for  lifting  sand  and  water  in  stone  and 
marble  sawing  works,  also  for  pulp,  slime  etc.,  in  concentrating  and 
cyanide  plants. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPS,  ROTARY  FORCE,  DAY'S.  For  pumping  oil,  paint, 
grease,  acids  and  hot  or  cold  water.  Made  for  hand  or  power. 
Made  in  bronze  for  pumping  acids  and  for  hot  liquids  it  is  provided 
with  a  metallic  check  valve.  It  is  made  in  various  sizes  having  a 
capacity  of  13  to  55  gallons  per  minute. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

PUMPS,  VACUUM  ROTARY.     See  also  Blowers  Piqua  Positive. 

PUMPS,  VACUUM  ROTARY.  The  Abb6  Rotary  vaccum  pump 
is  built  in  such  a  way  that  the  blades  or  gates  are  in  constant  contact 
with  the  casing  or  cylinder.  The  shaft  is  set  eccentric  and  carries 
the  drum,  which  in  turn  receives  the  blades  or  gates  and  permits 
them  to  slide  back  and  forth  as  it  revolves.  This  pump  is  built  in 
various  styles  and  sizes  to  meet  different  requirements. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPS,  VACUUM.  Single,  two  stage,  three  stage,  horizontal  or 
vertical,  steam,  belt  or  motor  driven.  Any  size  or  capacity.  Of  an 
improved  design.  The  valves  remain  on  their  seats  without  the 
use  of  springs.  The  highest  obtainable  vacuum  guaranteed  on  all 
our  pumps.  All  parts  are  adjustable  and  complete.  All  pumps 
built  on  the  straight  line  principle,  thereby  doing  away  with  neces- 


126        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

sity  of  placing  rocker  arms  and  various  devices  for  moving  the 
valves,  etc.,  as  these  are  all  done  away  with  on  our  pumps. 
— BUFFALO  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

PUMPING  ENGINES. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

PUMPING  MACHINERY.  Centrifugal  pumps.  Elevator  pumps. 
Fire  service  pumps.  Geared  pumps.  "  High-duty  "  pumping 
engines.  Hydraulic  transmission  pumps.  Mine  pumps.  Multi- 
stage, high-lift  centrifugals.  Screw  pumps.  Allis-Chalmers  pump- 
ing machinery,  reciprocating  and  centrifugal,  is  of  highest  economy. 
Every  unit  is  built  specially  for  the  service  required  and  for  the 
capacities  and  heads.  Maximum  efficiency  and  durability. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

PUMPING  SYSTEM,  FUEL  OIL.     For  pumping  oil  from  storage 
tank  to  burners.     Heats  the  oil  with  the  exhaust  steam.     Delivers 
it  to  burners  under  uniform  pressure.     Will  handle  light  or  heavy 
oils.     In  no  way  governed  by  gravity.     Absolutely  safe.     Approved 
by  underwriters.     Simplest  and  best  system  made.     5  sizes — 100, 
200,  300,  500  and  900  gallons  capacity  per  hour.     Catalog  3. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PUMPING  SYSTEM,  FUEL  OIL. 

— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

PUNCHES. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PURPLE  ORE.     Blue  billy,  containing  over  68%  metallic  iron 
free  from  phosphorous. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYRITIC  SMELTING.     See  Hot-blast  Stoves. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED.     See  part  II  of  this  dictionary. 

RAIL  JOINTS,  THERMIT  WELDING.     See  Welding. 

"  RAPID  DISSOLVER."     See  Dissolves 

RARE  MINERALS  AND  ORES.     See  Ores  and  Rare  Minerals. 

RAYMOND  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

REAGENTS.     Chemically  pure.     Full  particulars  and  prices  on 
request. 
— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  127 

REAGENTS.     "  Baker's     Analyzed     Chemicals."     Every     label 
shows  an  analysis,  and  our  guarantee  provides  that  the  contents  of 
each  bottle  will  conform  with  that  analysis. 
— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 

REAGENTS.     "  Let  Merck  make  the  "  Blank  "  Test  for  you.     To 
that  end  buy  Merck's  Blue  Label  Reagents." 
— MERCK  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK,  ST.  Louis,  RAHWAY,  N.  J. 

RECTIFIER  ELECTRODE.  In  conjunction  with  aluminium  as 
used  in  cells  for  rectifying  alternating  current,  solid  graphite  elec- 
trodes show  advantage  over  the  elements  heretofore  used,  in  that 
they  minimize  the  heating  effect.  In  mercury  rectifiers  also  pure 
graphite  electrodes  are  used  as  anodes.  Made  at  a  temperature  of 
7500°  P.,  they  are  free  of  all  volatile  matter. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

RECTIFYING  COLUMNS  of  various  sizes  for  acetic  acid,  formalde- 
hyde, etc.,  with  sieve  plates  ground  to  fit  supporting  rings. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

RED  OXIDE  OF  COPPER. 

— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

REDUCTION  MACHINERY. 

— THE  SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 

REFINING    EQUIPMENT.     Machinery   and    appliances   for   the 
desilverization     of     base     bullion.     Cupelling     furnaces.     Copper, 
converters.  Furnaces  for  melting  precipitates  in  the  cyanide  and  other 
processes.     Retort  furnaces  for  amalgam. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

REFINING  FURNACES.  See  Furnace,  Refining  and  Furnaces 
Electric. 

REFRACTORIES.  Divided  for  general  purposes  into  three  classes, 
acid,  basic,  neutral.  Silica  is  the  typical  acid  refractory;  lime,  mag- 
nesia, dolomite,  bauxite,  are  typical  basic  refractories.  Carbon 
(graphite)  and  chromite  are  neutral.  See  Brick;  see  also  Carbon, 
Carborundum,  Graphite  and  Chrome  Ore. 

REGENERATIVE  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  Regenerative. 

REINFORCING    RODS— WELDING    BY    THERMIT    PROCESS- 

The  operation  is  in  all  particulars  identical  with  that  of  pipe  welding, 
which  see. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


128        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

RESISTANCE  ALLOYS.     Made  in  wire  and   ribbon  form.     For 
use  in  rheostats  and  heating  devices.     See  Wire. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

RESISTANCE  WIRE,  KRUPP'S. 

— THOS.  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 
(See  also  Wire.) 

RESISTORS,  ELECTRICAL.     Materials  used  for  controlling  and 
regulating  electrical  current. 

RESISTOR,  GRANULAR  CARBON.  When  granular  carbon  is 
used  for  high  temperatures,  electric  furnace  graphite  is  desirable  be- 
cause of  its  high  purity  and  infusibility.  It  is  easily  granulated  and 
graded,  and  since  it  has  been  raised  to  the  highest  attainable  tempera- 
ture during  manufacture,  its  resistivity  is  not  permanently  altered  by 
successive  heatings.  Made  in  various  degrees  of  hardness,  all  pure 
graphite.  Peculiar  non-arcing  properties  reduce  variation  to  a 
minimum. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

RESISTORS,    KRUPP    RESISTANCE   WIRE   AND   MATERIAL. 

For  rheostats,  arc  lamps,  heating  apparatus,  moving  picture  machines, 
etc.  This  is  the  original  high-resistance  material  and  has  a  specific 
resistance  only  about  10%  lower  than  mercury.  It  is  a  special  high- 
grade  nickel-steel  showing  a  high  resistance  and  may  be  loaded 
permanently  up  to  a  temperature  of  600°  Centigrade  (1112°  Fahren- 
heit) without  undergoing  any  alteration  of  structure. 
— THOMAS  PROSSER  &  SON,  NEW  YORK. 

RETORT  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Retort. 

RETORTS  AND  OVENS.     For  wood  distillation.     Hand  charged 
and   "  Jumbo  "   types.     Careful  study  of  heat  regulation  and  its 
distribution  and  circulation  within  retort  has  led  to  new  and  efficient 
designs. 
— WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

RETORTS.  Samsom  Retorts,  with  hinged  drop  bottom,  fastened 
with  clamps,  for  chemical  and  other  uses  where  contents  are  to  be 
solidified  and  then  forced  out  of  the  bottom.  Golden  Crown  Re- 
torts, porcelain-lined,  for  dentists,  chemists,  physicians,  etc.  Vienna- 
Vacuum  Retort,  porcelain-lined. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 

RETORTS  OF  STONE- WARE.     With  ground  in  stoppers. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

REVERBERATORY  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Reverberatory. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  129 

RHEOSTATS.     Tank  rheostats,  H.  &  V.  W.  Underwriters  patent, 
for  controlling  the  current  flowing  in  to  the  tanks,  made  in  many 
sizes  to  suit  requirements,  especially  for  electroplaters. 
— THE  HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  Co.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

RHEOSTATS.  Very  nice  gradations  in  ohmic  resistance  can  be 
maintained  by  varying  the  pressure  put  upon  a  pile  of  discs  or 
washers  machined  from  solid  Acheson  graphite  rods,  inserted  in  the 
electric  circuit.  The  discs  may  be  held  in  insulating  tubes,  or  the 
washers  centered  on  an  insulating  rod,  and  variable  pressure  applied 
by  means  of  a  cam.  Uniformity,  non-arcing  and  infusible  properties, 
as  well  as  resistance  to  oxidation  and  economy  of  machining  are 
valuable  adjuncts. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

RIVETTERS. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

RIVET  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Rivet. 

ROASTING    AND    NON-ROASTING.     See    also    "Cyanide    Pro- 
cess." 
— THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ROASTING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Roasting. 

ROASTING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.     See  Blowers,  Piqua  Positive. 

ROASTING    PLANTS.     For    sulphide    and    arsenical    ores,    etc. 
Reverberatory     hand     roasting,     furnaces.     Mechanical     roasting 
furnaces. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

ROLLERS,  RUBBER  COVERED.  As  the  originator  of  rubber- 
covered  rollers,  this  firm  makes  a  specialty  of  furnishing  such 
rollers  complete  and  also  recovering  rollers  with  rubber.  The  use 
of  a  proper  consistency  of  high  grade  rubber,  which  our  long  ex- 
perience has  shown  to  be  best  adapted  for  specific  purposes,  pro- 
duces results  not  otherwise  obtainable.  Rubber  covered  rollers  of 
our  manufacture  are  used  with  perfect  satisfaction  for  sheet  iron 
galvanizing. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

ROLLING   MILLS.     Blooming  mills.     Universal  mills  for  slabs 
or     plates.     Structural     mills.     Rail     mills.     Plate     mills.     Sheet 
and  tin  plate  mills.     Merchant  mills. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ROLLING  MILL  ENGINES. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 


130        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ROLLING  MILL  PINIONS. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ROLLS.     Steel  casting  rolls  of  all  sizes. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ROLLS,   RUBBER  COVERINGS.     A  perfect  union  between  the 
rubber  cover  and  the  iron  roll,  with  freedom  from  blisters  and  soft 
spots,  true  surface,  exact  crowning  and  correct  density.     For  paper 
mills,  leather  factories,  bleacheries,  printing  and  dye  works,  etc. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

ROLLS,  Crushing.     See  also  Crushing  and  Grinding,  Rolls. 

ROPE  PULLEYS. 

— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ROTARY  CRUSHER.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 
ROTARY  CUTTER.     See  Cutter. 
ROTARY  DRYER.     See  Dryer  Rotary. 

ROTOPLATER.  A  revolving  automatic  plating  apparatus,  con- 
sisting of  a  wooden  tank,  in  which  is  inserted  a  revolving  non-me- 
tallic hexagon  cylinder  containing  the  articles  to  be  plated.  The 
rotation  of  the  cylinder  polishes  the  work  while  it  is  being  plated. 
Made  in  different  types  and  sizes. 
— ZUCKER  &  LEVETT  &  LOEB  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

RUBBER.     See  also  "  Belting,"  "  Gaskets,"  "  Hose,"  "  Mats," 
"  Packings,"  "Rollers,"  "  Springs,"  "  Tubing,"  "  Valves." 

RUBBER    GOODS,    MECHANICAL.     The    original    and    largest 
manufacturers  of  all  classes  of  high  grade  rubber  goods  for  me- 
chanical and  manufacturing  purposes. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

RUBBER  GOODS.  For  mechanical  use.  "  The  policy  of  this 
company  is  to  make  only  the  highest  grades  of  mechanical  rubber 
goods.  In  the  manufacture  of  these  goods  we  use  the  finest  grades 
of  rubber,  the  latest  improved  and  special  machinery  of  our  own 
design,  and  our  experience,  da  ting  back  to  the  infancy  of  the  rubber 
industry." 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

RUBBER  SOLUTION  MACHINE.     See  Solution  Machine,  Rub- 
ber. 

SAL  AMMONIAC.   Muriate  of  ammonia.     For   galvanizing  and 
annealing.     White  and  gray.     Coarse  and  fine. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NBW  YORK. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  131 


SAL  SODA. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SALT.     Wyandotte. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SALT  CAKE.     Refined  for  glass  makers. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SAMPLING    MACHINERY.     Automatic    samplers    for  mill  and 
smelter  use.     Sampling  crushers,  rolls  and  sample  grinders. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

SAWS,  Hot  and  Cold. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SAWDUST  BOXES.     See  Drying. 

SAW  MILL  MACHINERY.     Of  the  most  improved  design.     A 
pioneer  builder  of  Saw  Mill  Machinery. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

SCALE  REMOVER.     Tri-sodium  phosphate  for  softening  water. 
Removes  scale  and  prevents  incrustations  in  boilers. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL., 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

SCHEELITE.     Calcium     Tungstate.     Concentrates,     guaranteed 
65%  tungstic  acid  minimum;  shipments  (1000  tons)  have  averaged 
over  70%   WOs.     For  the  manufacture  of  tungsten  metal,  ferro- 
tungsten,  tungsten-lamp  filaments,  and  tungsten  salts. 
— ATKINS,  KROLL  &  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

SCREEN,  IMPACT.  This  excellent  mill  screen  has  effectually 
solved  the  problems  of  wet  and  dry  screening  between  one-half  inch 
and  one  hundred  mesh,  having  immense  capacity  and  producing 
almost  absolutely  clean  products.  Concerning  the  valuable  patented 
features  upon  which  its  high  efficiency  depends,  see  Pamphlet  9-B. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

SCREEN,  NEWAYQO.  For  all  dry  sizing  from  }"  to  200  mesh,  single 
separator  producing  one  to  four  products.  Largely  used  for  cement, 
limestone,  ore,  phosphate,  chemicals,  etc.  Specially  stretched 
screening  surface,  automatically  tapped  by  hundreds  of  little 
hammers,  giving  rapid  vibration.  Coarse  wire  used  to  obtain  fine 
output,  on  account  of  the  inclination  of  the  screening  surface,  thus 
20  mesh  cloth  produces  40  mesh  product. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

SCREENS.     REVOLVING  screens.     Shaking  screens. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 


132        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

SCREENS,     REVOLVING.     Cylindrical    and     conical    revolving 
screens  or  trommels.     Octagonal  revolving  screens.     The  impact 
screen.     Hydraulic  and  mechanical  classifiers  and  sizers. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

SCREENS,  REVOLVING,  DAY'S  SUPERIOR.  Made  to  screen 
clay,  sand,  fertilizer,  etc.  It  consists  of  a  steel  shaft  with  arms 
reaching  out  to  the  circumference.  To  these  arms  are  attached  the 
iron  bands  and  frame  which  hold  the  wire  cloth.  The  feed  end  has  a 
flange  to  prevent  a  back  flow  of  material.  Operated  on  a  slight 
incline. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

SCREENS,    RUTHENBURG.     Made  of  solid  wedge  steel  rings 

for    screening    fines    from    coarse    crushings    without  wear.     Rock 
breaker  breaking  to  1"  cube,  gives  20%  through  30  mesh  screen. 
Coarse  roll  set  to  \"  gives  45%  through  30  mesh.     Why  crush  further 
making  slime? 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

SCREENS,  TON-CAP.     A  slotted  wire  screen  of  special  construc- 
tion, having  larger  air  space  or  discharge  area  than  other  types  of 
screen.     A  larger  tonnage  of  material  can  be  passed  through  ton- 
cap  screen  than  with  any  other  type.     Catalog  28. 
— THE  W.  S.  TYLER  COMPANY,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

SCREENS,  VIBRATING.  For  screening  mineral,  clay,  sand, 
fertilizer  and  other  material  of  similar  nature.  Intended  for  heavy 
work.  The  sifting  is  done  by  a  vibrating  or  shaking  movement. 
The  sifting  box  is  mounted  on  rollers  and  the  vibrating  motion  is 
imparted  by  a  large  eccentric.  The  frame  in  the  bottom  containing 
the  sieve  cloth  is  removable.  Made  in  three  sizes  with  sieve  24  x  48, 
24  x  72  and  24  x  96  inches.  Also  made  with  a  feeding  attachment 
when  required. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

SCREENS,  Wire.     The  Tyler  "  double  crimped  "  square  mesh  wire 
cloth,  or  the  slotted  ton-cap  screens.     Made  in  any  mesh  and  from 
all  commercial  metals. 
—THE  W.  S.  TYLER  COMPANY,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

SEMISTEEL  CASTINGS.     See  Castings,  Semisteel. 

SEPARATOR.  Air  separation,  for  grinding  mills.  See  also 
Crushing  and  Grinding,  Raymond  Mill. 

SEPARATOR,  BLAST.  A  machine  used  for  separating  pulverized 
materials  by  means  of  an  air  blast,  instead  of  by  screening  or  bolting. 
The  pulverized  material  as  it  comes  from  the  mills  is  fed  to  the  machine, 
and  the  air  blast  regulated  so  as  to  blow  out  the  material  of  the  re- 
quired degree  of  fineness,  while  the  coarse  particles  are  returned  to  the 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  133 

mill  for  re-grinding.  The  grinding  efficiency  of  any  mill  is  greatly 
increased  by  the  use  of  a  separator,  as  it  takes  the  material  from  the 
mill  as  fast  as  it  is  ground  and  removes  the  finished  product,  thus 
saving  the  mill  from  doing  unnecessary  work  on  finished  material. 

SEPARATOR,  OSBORNE  PNEUMATIC  BLAST.  The  pulverized 
material  being  fed  to  the  machine  falls  upon  a  rotating  disc  which 
scatters  the  material  into  the  air  blast.  The  area  of  the  machine  and 
the  strength  of  the  air  blast  are  regulated  so  as  to  carry  off  only  the 
material  of  the  required  degree  of  fineness,  while  the  coarse  material 
drops  out  at  the  bottom  of  the  separator  to  be  returned  to  the  mill 
for  re-grinding.  The  fine  material  is  blown  into  the  dust  collector 
and  there  separated  from  the  air.  The  dust  passes  out  through  the 
bottom  of  the  collector,  while  the  air  returns  to  the  fan  to  be  used 
over  again.  This  forms  a  closed  circuit,  and  by  using  the  same 
air  over  and  over,  prevents  the  escape  of  any  dust.  The  volume 
of  air  used  remains  practically  constant,  no  matter  what  grade  of 
material  is  being  separated,  which  insures  large  capacities  even  on 
very  fine  materials.  These  separators  will  deliver  from  3i  to  10 
tons  per  hour  of  finished  product  that  will  screen  95%  100  mesh  fine. 
Material  can  be  separated  up  to  200  mesh  fine. 
— GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SEPARATOR,  MAGNETIC.     See  Magnetic  Separators. 

SEPARATOR,  VACUUM.  An  apparatus  for  separating  pulverized 
materials  by  means  of  an  air  current  working  on  an  exhaust  or  vacuum. 
The  pulverized  material  from  the  mill  or  grinder  is  fed  to  the  machine 
and  the  air  current  is  regulated  to  suck  out  the  material  of  the  required 
degree  of  fineness,  and  allow  the  coarse  particles  to  return  to  the  mill 
for  re-grinding.  Vacuum  separators  use  the  same  medium  as  blast 
separators  for  effecting  the  separation,  namely  air,  but  they  operate 
on  a  directly  opposite  principle. 

SEPARATOR,  OSBORNE  VACUUM.  In  this  machine  the  ma- 
terial falls  on  a  revolving  disc  which  scatters  it  and  allows  it  to  roll 
down  the  surface  of  a  deflecting  cone.  As  the  material  slides  over 
the  edge  of  this  cone  it  is  caught  up  by  the  suction  of  the  air,  and  the 
finer  particles  drawn  through  the  fan  and  discharged  into  the  dust 
collector,  while  the  heavier  particles  fall  to  the  bottom  of  the  machine 
to  be  returned  to  the  mill  for  re-grinding.  This  type  of  machine  is 
adapted  for  attaching  to  high  speed  mills,  thereby  forming  a  suc- 
tion in  the  mill  and  relieving  same  of  its  excess  of  air,  and  thus  pre- 
venting the  escape  of  the  dust  which  is  so  often  a  source  of  an- 
noyance in  the  grinding  room.  It  will  separate  material  to  any 
degree  of  fineness  desired  up  to  200  mesh  fine. 
— GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SEPARATOR.     Scaife    patent    automatic    trough    washer.     For 
separating  coal  from   slate,   metallic  sweepings  from   refuse,   clay 
material  and  rock  from  ores,  etc.     See  also  under  "  Washer." 
— SCAIFB  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


134       Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

SEWER  MACHINES. 

— THE  BROWN  HOISTING  MACHINERY  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

SHEARS.     Plate    shears.     Bloom    shears,    hydraulic    or    motor 
driven.     Billet   shears.     Scrap   shears.     Shears   of  all   designs   for 
heavy  work. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SHELLS,  SEAMLESS  STEEL,  COLD  DRAWN.     See  Tanks,  seam- 
less steel. 

SIEVES,  TESTING,  TYLER  STANDARD.  For  use  in  the  screen 
analysis  of  any  product.  The  cloth  is  square  in  mesh,  made  from 
the  same  gauge  wire  both  ways  and  the  sieves  are  of  special  con- 
struction. •  They  can  be  supplied  from  2  to  200  mesh  and  from 
6"  to  12"  diameter.  Nested  or  telescope  and  with  or  without  pan 
and  cover. 
— THE  W.  S.  TYLER  COMPANY,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

SIFTER  AND  MIXER,  HUNTER'S  LIGHTNING.     Made  in  many 
sizes  and  forms  for  various  use,  either  for  hand  or  for  power,  with 
or  without  steam  jacket.     Sieves  interchangeable. 
— J.  H.  DAY  Co.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO. 

SILICA  BRICK.     See  Brick,  Silica. 

SILICA  CEMENT. 

— HARBISON-WALKER  REFRACTORIES  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SILICA,  FUSED.     See  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary  under  Quartz, 
Fused. 

SILICO-CHROMIUM.     Our    alloy    contains    10%    silicon,    50% 
chromium,  4%  carbon,  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  high-speed 
steels,  etc. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SILICO-COPPER.     10%,  15%  and  25%  silicon.     Used  principally 
as  a  flux  or  deoxidizer  for  making  pure  copper  castings.     Its  action 
is  more  vigorous  and  pronounced  than  phosphorus.     Produces  solid 
castings  of  copper  and  tin  bronze,  free  from  blowholes. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

SILICO-MANGANESE-ALUMINUM.      A  very   valuable  deoxidiz- 
ing agent  for  iron  and  steel  work  in  the  armor  plate  work  and  steel  of 
that  nature. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SILICO  SPIEGEL,  SILICO  MANGANESE  AND  SPIEGELEISEN. 

— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  135 

SILICON.  A  metallic  crystalline  body  of  dark  silver  lustre.  Com- 
pared with  metals,  it  is  quite  brittle  and  has  a  hardness  between 
6  and  7.  Specific  gravity  2.34.  Melting  point  1,430°.  Heat  of 
oxidation  215,692.  Silicon  metal  is  made  in  three  grades  carrying 
90%,  95%  and  97%  silicon  respectively.  The  principal  impurities 
are  iron  and  aluminium.  It  carries  about  0.20  carbon  and  is  free 
from  phosphorous  and  sulphur.  Its  principal  use  is  in  the  refining 
of  steel  where  it  replaces  the  higher  grades  of  ferro-silicon,  being 
added  directly  to  the  ladle.  It  is  a  very  powerful  deoxidizing  agent. 
Silicon  is  also  used  as  a  reducing  agent  in  the  manufacture  of  ferro 
alloys  and  is  cast  into  rods  for  a  manufacture  of  electrical  resistances. 
Silicon  is  also  used  as  a  wireless  detector. 
— CARBORUNDUM  COMPANY,  NIAGARA  PALLS,  N.  Y. 

SILICON.     Metallic  Silicon. 

— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SILICON.     See  also  Ferrosilicon. 

SILICON-CALCIUM-ALUMINIUM.     Our    alloys    contain    47    to 
57%  silicon,  15  to  25%  calcium,  2J  to  6i%  aluminium,  and  is  of 
value  both  as  a  deoxidizing  agent  and  for  the  desulphurization  of 
iron  and  steel  mixtures. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SILICON-COPPER. 

— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

SILICON-COPPER  alloy  for  copper  and  brass  foundries. 
— E.  J.  LAVING  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SILVER-BRONZE.     An  alloy  containing  about  18%  of  manganese, 
having  four  times  the  electrical  resistance  of  German  Silver. 
— ELECTRIC  SMELTING  &  ALUMINUM  Co.,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 

SILVERITE  ANODES.     See  Anodes,  Silverite. 
SINGEING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Singeing. 

SINKS.  Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  for  laboratories,  hospitals, 
physical  and  bacteriological  institutions  in  various  sizes  and  styles. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

SLIME  FILTER.  Exclusive  owners  of  the  Moore  Process. 
Fine  grinding  (all-sliming)  is  not  the  universally  adopted  method  of 
ore  treatment,  and  the  old  leaching  method  has  been  revolutionized. 
— THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SLIME  TREATMENT  MACHINERY.  Akins  classifier,  for  sep- 
arating sands  from  slimes.  Rothwell  continuous  slime  thickener, 


136        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

for  removal  of  surplus  water  or  solution.     Portland  rotary  continuous 
filter.     Portland  agitation  tank  for  the  treatment  of  pulp  by  the 
cyanide  process.     Silberhorn  pneumatic  agitator  for  the  agitation 
and  aeration  of  slimes  in  cyanide  solution. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

SLIMING.     See "  Filter.     Slimes." 
—THE  MOORE  FILTER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SMELTING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Smelting. 

SMELTING  FURNACE  BLOWERS.  See  Blowers,  Piqua  Posi- 
tive. 

SMOKE  CONSUMER.  An  apparatus  in  which  the  gases  front 
furnaces,  etc.,  are  passed  through  the  machine  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
moving the  solid  matter  contained  in  them,  and  for  purifying  the  gases 
as  much  as  possible.  Largely  used  for  power  plants  and  chemical 
works  for  collecting  solid  matter  contained  in  the  gases.  See  also 
"  Dust  Collector  "  "  Gas  Washer." 

SMOKE  CONSUMER,  OSBORNE.  Will  remove  the  gases  from  any 
type  of  furnace,  etc.,  and  by  means  of  the  water  sprays  in  the  ma- 
chine will  collect  practically  all  of  the  solid  matter  contained  in  them, 
while  the  soluble  gases  will  be  reduced  to  solution,  thereby  allowing 
the  gases  escaping  into  the  atmosphere  to  be  practically  free  from  all 
impurities.  This  type  of  machine  may  also  be  used  for  the  collec- 
tion of  very  fine  dust  in  cases  where  the  regular  type  of  dust  collector 
will  not  collect  a  sufficiently  large  percentage  of  the  material. 
— GRISCOM-SPENCER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SOAP  MACHINERY.  Dopp.  A  complete  line  of  soap  machinery. 
Kettles  for  boiling  and  saponifying,  crutchers,  tanks,  soap  frames, 
soap  and  lye  pumps,  chippers,  cutting  tables,  slabbers,  soap  presses, 
soap  grinders,  and  whatever  else  is  required  for  the  manufacture  of 
toilet  soap,  laundry  soap,  textile  soap  and  sand  soap.  Prepared  to 
supply  designs  and  estimates  for  complete  plants. 
— SOWERS  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

SODAS.     Sulphate,    calcined   sulphate,    bichromate,    bi-sulphate, 
liquid  bisulphite,  sulphite,  sulphide  crystals,  concentrated  sulphide, 
acetate,  hyposulphite,  silicate,  caustic  and  sal  sodas,  trisodium  phos- 
phate, glassmakers*  salt  cake,  glauber's  salt,  and  nitre  cake. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

SODA  ASH. 

— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OP  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SODA  ASH. 

— THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  137 


SODA  CRYSTALS.     Sesquicarbonate  and  monohydrate. 
— THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

SODIUM.     Metallic.     Produced  by  electrolysis. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

SODIUM  NITRATE. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SODIUM  PEROXIDE.     See  Oxone. 

SOFT-METAL  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces  .Soft-metal. 

SOLDERING  FLUX.     Liquids  and  crystals. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL., 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

SOLUTION  MACHINE,  RUBBER.  Built  in  sizes  of  20  and 
50  gallons,  capacity.  The  machine  is  chiefly  used  for  dissolving 
India  rubber,  and  is  for  this  purpose  equipped  with  two  speeds, 
fast  and  slow  as  well  as  with  air-tight  cover  so  as  to  prevent  loss 
of  solvent.  The  bearings  of  the  agitators  are  provided  with  stuffing 
boxes,  which  can  be  easily  attended  to. 
— WERNER  &  PFLEIDERER,  SAGINAW,  MICH. 

SP1TZKASTEN.     For  the  separation  and  sizing  of  granular  pulp 
suspended  in  water. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

SPRAY  NOZZLES.  For  injecting  water  in  chambers  of  sulphuric 
acid  plants,  absorbing  gases,  cooling  gases,  collecting  dust,  atomizing, 
liquids,  ventilating,  re-cooling  water,  spraying  oil  on  wood,  sup- 
pressing suds  on  paper  machines,  humidifying  cement  and  fire-clay, 
washing  crude  oil  in  refineries,  atomizing  liquid  lead.  The  Koerting 
centrifugal  spray  nozzles  are  made  of  iron,  brass,  glass,  lead,  platinum 
hard  rubber,  etc.  Manufacturers  catalogs  AA-6,  BB-6  and  CC-6 
give  detailed  illustrated  description  of  these  spray  nozzles  and  their 
various  applications. 
— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SPRINGS,  RUBBER.     Springs  of  any  shape  and  size,  of  various 
consistencies  of  stock,  which  are  adapted  for  use  in  connection  with 
all  purposes  for  which  rubber  springs  are  employed. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

STAMP  MILLS.  Stamp  mills  or  mills  for  any  combination  process 
according  to  the  most  modern  ideas.  Design  and  erection  of  com- 
plete milling  and  smelting  plants.  A  very  large  and  complete  ore 
testing  plant  in  operation.  Catalog  No.  6-C  on  Stamp  Milling 
Machinery- 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 


138        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

STEAM  ENGINES,    CORLISS. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

STEAM  ENGINES— WESTINGHO  USE.  Vertical,  single-acting 
steam  engines,  non-condensing  and  compound.  These  machines  are 
built  ruggedly  and  will  stand  severe  service  with  minimum  attention. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

STEAM  ENGINEERING  SPECIALTIES. 

— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

STEAM  PIPES.     See  Pipes. 

STEAM  SEPARATORS.  ATWOOD.  For  removing  water,  oil, 
etc.,  from  steam.  The  flowing  steam  impinges  on  a  ribbed  baffle 
plate  and  changes  its  direction  while  the  water  is  checked  and  drops 
into  a  receiver  below.  Standard  Atwood  horizontal,  vertical  and 
angle  separators  are  built  with  cast-iron  bodies  and  wells.  The 
receiver  type  of  separator  is  used  in  the  live  steam  line  when  it  is 
desirable  to  have  an  additional  storage  capacity  for  steam  at  a  point 
near  the  engine.  Large  sizes  of  these  are  made  of  heavy  riveted  or 
welded  steel  plates.  Standard  working  pressure  250  Ibs. 
— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

STEAM  TRAP.  ATWOOD.  A  device  to  drain  the  low  points  of 
steam  lines  and  prevent  the  accumulation  of  water  which  when  cool 
will  make  water-hammer  and  otherwise  interfere  with  satisfactory 
operation.  The  Atwood  trap  is  of  "  full-flow  "  type,  with  consequent 
large  capacity,  It  operates  only  when  the  bucket  drops,  thereby 
eliminating  any  wire  drawing  to  cut  the  valve  seats.  All  valves 
removable  for  inspection  without  breaking  a  joint  and  all  working 
parts  without  disturbing  a  pipe.  No  floats,  diaphragms  or  stuffing 
boxes. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

STEAM  TURBINES.     See  Turbines,  Steam. 

STEEL  CASTINGS.  Special  for  chemical  works.  See  also 
castings,  Chemical. 

STEEL  CASTINGS  BY  THE  THERMIT  PROCESS.  In  foundries 
where  it  is  of  importance  to  occasionally  make  a  steel  casting  in  a 
hurry,  the  thermit  process  offers  a  ready  means  of  doing  so  by  burn- 
ing down  the  necessary  quantity  of  thermit  with  an  admixture  of 
steel  punchings.  This,  when  ignited  in  the  crucible,  can  be  readily 
poured  into  molds  of  properly  refractory  material. 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

STEEL  FURNACES.     See  Furnace,  Electric  Steel. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  139 

STEEL,  SPECIAL.  For  experimental  purposes,  steel  of  any 
grade  can  be  made  by  means  of  the  thermit  reaction,  which  de- 
velops sufficient  heat  to  thoroughly  melt  up  small  portions  of  even 
the  most  highly  refractory  metals.  The  thermit  steel  being  practi- 
cally free  from  carbon,  can  be  changed  to  high  carbon  steel  by  the 
addition  of  cast  iron  shot  and  offers  a  ready  means  of  experiments 
on  a  small  scale.  Thermit  can  be  obtained  in  50  and  100  Ib.  drums. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

STILLS.  Automatic,  continuous  and  periodic  stills  for  alcohol, 
rum,  whiskey,  solvent  recovery,  etc.,  these  being  designed  for  each 
particular  case;  also  special  stills  for  various  industries  such  as  the 
manufacture  of  wood  and  methyl  alcohol,  acetic  acid,  chloroform, 
ether,  witch  hazel,  benzine,  turpentine,  acetone,  carbon  bisulphide, 
etc.  Stills  constructed  of  copper,  silver,  lead,  silver-and  lead-lined 
copper,  iron,  etc. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

STILLS.  Manufactured  in  all  sizes  and  capacities  for  manufacture 
and  recovery  of  alcohol  and  solvents  of  all  descriptions.  Made 
from  copper,  brass,  cast  iron,  steel  plate,  etc.,  to  suit  service  re- 
quired and  designed  for  economical  and  convenient  operation. 
Lead  and  block-tin  lined  if  desired. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

STILLS.     With  flanged  rim  or  socket  rim,  all  made  of  acid-proof 
stoneware,  in  various  sizes  and  shapes. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

STILLS.  In  various  sizes.  Made  of  best  vitrified  stoneware, 
guaranteed  proof  against  action  of  nitric,  muriatic  and  sulphuric 
acids,  chlorine,  etc.  For  use  in  distillation  of  corrosive  compounds.' 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

STILLS.     Periodic  and  continuous  distilling  apparatus  of  modern 
design,  of  any  size  and  material  to  meet  ordinary  as  well  as  special 
requirements.     For    alcohol,     turpentine,     petroleum,    oils,     acetic 
acid,  fusel  oil,  solvent  recovery,  etc.     See  Distilling  Machines. 
— WALTER  E.  LUMMUS,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

STILLS.     Of  stoneware,  or  made  of  cast  iron  coated  with  acid 
proof  enamel. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

STILLS.     Copper  or  iron.     With  surface  or  worm  condensers  all 
sizes  from  5  gallons  upward. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

STILLS.     In  all  sizes.     Portable  stills  for  laboratory  and  experi- 
mental work.     Stills,   without  or  with  mixers,   for  large-scale  in- 
dustrial work.     Catalog  216. 
— STUART  &  PETERSON  Co.,  BURLINGTON,  N.  J. 


140        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

STILLS,  WATER.  Automatic  and  multiple-effect  water  stills 
in  all  sizes;  small  stills  for  house  use  with  block-tin  lined  still  and 
condensing  coil,  heated  by  steam  or  fire.  Larger  automatic  steam 
heated  stills  for  laboratories,  hospitals,  etc.,  whereby  a  constant 
supply  of  distilled  water  is  maintained  with  no  attendance  whatever. 
Also  stills  in  a  single  or  multiple  effect  for  steamships,  etc. 
— E.  B.  BADGER  &  SONS  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

STILLS,   WATER.     Distilled  water  apparatus  of  all   sizes  and 
capacities  for  laboratory  and  industrial  uses.     Apparatus  to  operate 
under  a  vacuum  with  a  minimum  amount  of  steam,  made  from 
steel  plate,  sheet  copper  tinned  or  block  tin. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

STILLS,  WATER.  Sargent's  Automatic.  A  well-balanced  ap- 
paratus for  the  continuous  production  of  distilled  water  for  labora- 
tory or  domestic  use  where  a  high  degree  of  purity  is  desired  at  a 
minimum  cost.  Made  in  two  sizes  to  produce  £  and  1  gallon  per 
hour.  Equipped  with  gas  or  gasoline  burners  or  with  steam  coil. 
Also  automatic  stills  heated  by  steam  only  having  capacities  of  5 
gallons  per  hour  up  to  any  capacity  required. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

STILLS,  WATER,  AUTOMATIC.  An  automatically  fed  steam- 
operated  water  still  in  capacities  from  five  to  one  hundred  gallons  an 
hour.  By  a  patented  construction  the  steam  generated  is  used  for 
heating  the  feed  water  to  the  boiling  point  before  it  is  supplied  to 
the  still,  so  that  a  minimum  of  heat  is  required  to  operate  it  and  by 
this  preliminary  heating  of  the  feed  water  ammonia  is  largely  elimi- 
nated from  the  distilled  product.  The  cost  of  producing  one  gallon 
of  distilled  water  varies  from  J  to  J  cent. 
— P.  ].  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

STILLS,  WATER.  Multiple  effects  for  economically  producing 
pure  water  for  industrial  or  drinking  purposes,  or  for  manufacture 
of  ice.  No  treatment  necessary.  Work  done  with  live  or  exhaust 
steam.  7  Ibs.  evaporation  per  pound  of  steam  used.  Scale  deposits 
can  be  entirely  removed  without  stopping  operation  of  the  evaporator 
No  gases  left  in  solution  in  the  water  produced,  so  that  it.  is  fit  for 
use  without  aeration. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

STILLS.     For  laboratories.     See  second  part  of  this  Dictionary, 
devoted  to  Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supply. 

STIRRERS.  In  melting  copper,  brass,  aluminium,  tin,  zinc,  etc., 
rods  and  bars  containing  graphite  have  always  been  used  as  stirrers. 
Acheson  graphite  rods  and  bars  can  readily  be  machined  to  fit  any 
holder,  contain  no  clay  or  other  bond  to  contaminate  the  metal, 
and,  being  a  pure  form  of  carbon  throughout  (99%)  reduce  oxides 
present  in  the  bath  with  evident  beneficial  results. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  141 

STIRRERS.  Of  acid-proof  stoneware  in  various  sizes  for  fluids 
of  all  consistencies. 

DlDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

STIRRERS,  STONEWARE  supplied  in  any  shape  or  size;  accord- 
ing to  the  consistency  of  the  material  to  be  handled,  the  stirrers  are 
either  made  paddle  or  screw  shaped;  and  also  be  furnished  of  enam- 
eled cast  iron. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

STIRRING  LIQUIDS.     See  Agitation. 

STOKERS,      MECHANICAL,     WESTINGHOUSE.     New     model 

Roney  stoker  for  mechanically  firing  all  commercial  fuels,  especially 
low  grade.     These  stokers  are  adaptable  to  any  type  of  boiler  and 
enable  one  fireman  to  handle  from  2000  to  3000  h.p.  in  boilers. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

STONEWARE,  CHEMICAL. 

DlDIER-MARCH  CO.,  NEW  YORK. 

— CHAS.  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 
— A.  J.  WEEKS,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

STONEWARE,  CHEMICAL.    Complete  line  of  chemical  stoneware. 
Special  acid-proof  glazing,  a  new  departure  from  the  old  method  of 
salt  glaze  and  much  superior  in  resisting  the  action  of  acids. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

STORAGE  VESSELS.     For  laboratories,  made  of  acid-proof  stone- 
ware, with  lids  and  inscription  as  may  be  desired  for  laboratories 
and  drug  stores. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

STORAGE  VESSELS.  Graham  chemical  stoneware  tanks,  cylin- 
drical or  square,  provide  best  means  for  holding  acids,  alkalies, 
chlorinated  liquids,  etc.,  in  any  strength.  All  sizes  made  up  to 
order,  with  inlets,  outlets,  etc.,  according  to  customers'  requirements. 
Guaranteed  to  be  chemical  proof. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

STORAGE  VESSELS.      Of  stoneware,   in  conical  or  cylindrical 
form,  holding  up  to  800  gallons. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

STORAGE  AND  BOILING  VESSELS.  With  iron  mantle,  holding 
up  to  about  5000  gallons  made  of  stoneware  segments,  tightly 
ground  together  and  enclosed  in  an  iron  jacket,  the  space  between 
the  stoneware  being  cast  out  with  cement;  practically  indestructible. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 


142        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

STORAGE  VESSELS.  Of  chemical  stoneware  made  either  straight 
or  of  conical  or  oval  shape.  To  be  perfect  for  the  use  of  storing  acids 
they  should  be  made  of  a  proper  combination  of  clay  and  glazed 
with  the  best  acid-proof  glazing.  A  heavy  projecting  rim  is  re- 
quired to  insure  strength  to  the  top  of  the  pot. 
— U.  S.  STONEWARE  Co.,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

STOVES.   Hot  blast  U-pipe  stoves  for  heating  blast  in   pyritic 
smelting  of  copper  ores. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

STRAIGHTENING  MACHINES.     For  straightening  beams,  rails, 
etc. 
— MACKINTOSH,  HEMPHILL  &  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SUBLIMING  DISHES.  For  iodine,  etc.,  made  of  acid-proof  stone- 
ware, in  various  shapes  and  sizes,  covers  ground  on  to  a  tight  fit. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

SUGAR  OF  LEAD.     Acetate  of  lead— all  grades. 
— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

SUGAR  MACHINERY. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

SULPHATE  OF  ZINC.  For  cold  or  electro  galvanizing.  Full 
information  on  request. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

SULPHIDE  OF  IRON. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SULPHUR.  Used  in  the  chemical  industries,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  sulphuric  acid;  it  also  enters  into  a  multitudinous  number 
of  acids  of  which  sulphuric  is  the  base  or  a  component  part.  Used 
in  the  manufacture  of  sulphurous  acid  for  use  in  the  pulp  mills;  the 
manufacture  of  gun  powder  and  other  explosives;  is  employed  as  a 
fumigant;  as  a  fungicide  and  germicide  to  plant  life;  for  fertilizer  ma- 
terial; as  a  component  part  of  the  material  used  for  ignition  pur- 
poses in  fuses  and  matches;  for  bleaching  various  materials — cotton 
goods,  grain,  etc.  Sulphur  is  also  one  of  the  chief  ingredients  in 
sheep-dip.  The  refined  grades  enter  largely  into  the  manufacture 
of  different  drugs;  crude  also  used  in  the  preparation  of  colors  and 
the  refining  of  oil.  Malt  companies  also  use  sulphur  in  their  process, 
and  it  is  also  employed  in  evaporating  apples.  As  a  preservative 
it  is  also  used  by  beef  packers  and  others.  Glue  companies  and 
photographic  film  concerns  also  use  sulphur  in  the  preparation  of 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  143 


their  commodities.  In  metallurgy,  sulphur  is  employed  in  certain 
processes  of  smelting  and  precipitating  metal;  in  connection  with  the 
production  of  steel  rails  of  certain  specific  hardness;  also  for  putting 
a  clean  face  on  steel,  and  for  the  embedding  of  heavy  machinery.  In 
the  electric  industry,  sulphur  is  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
storage  batteries  and  the  preparation  of  rubber  for  installation  pur- 


— UNION  SULPHUR  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

SULPHUR.     Roll  brimstone,  flour  and  flowers  of  sulphur. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

SULPHUR  DIOXIDE.     For  bleaching,  ice  plants,  sugar  refineries, 
silk  mills,  etc. 
— CENTRAL  HUDSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON,  N.  Y. 

SULPHUR  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Sulphur. 

SULPHURIC  ACID  APPARATUS.  Fused  silica  apparatus  for  the 
manufacture  and  concentration  of  sulphuric  acid  supplied  in  various 
forms.  The  material  is  entirely  acid-proof,  and  is  quite  free  from 
metals.  It  resists  heat  and  sudden  changes  of  temperature,  and  ac- 
cordingly the  vessels  for  concentration  can  be  used  in  direct  contact 
with  the  flame.  A  high  efficiency  is  obtained  without  rapid  destruc- 
tion of  the  plant.  Descriptive  catalog  free. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

SULPHURIC    CONCENTRATION,    KESSLER    EVAPORATORS. 

Not  stills;  an  air  drying  process  with  resulting  economy  in  con- 
centrating to  any  strength;  high  concentration  at  low  temperatures, 
no  loss  of  acid  or  contamination  of  product;  no  break-downs,  fumes, 
or  public  nuisance  in  the  strictest  foreign  cities;  practically  no  re- 
pairs. Highest  endorsement  by  English  Alkali  Inspectors.  Used  by 
the  largest  manufacturers  in  all  principal  countries.  Awarded  the 
gold  medal  by  the  National  Society  for  Development  of  Arts  and 
Manufacturers.  Places  the  simple,  reliable,  Chamber  System  in 
position  to  successfully  compete  with  Contact  Processes  on  all 
strengths  up  to  99%. 

— L'ETABLISSEMENTS   KESSLER,   CLERMONT-FERRAND,    FRANCE, 
(AMERICAN  REPRESENTATIVE,  W.  M.  GROSVENOR,  NEW  YORK). 

SULPHUROUS  ACID.  See  Sulphur;  Cooler,  lead ;  Furnaces,  sulphur. 

SWITCHBOARDS,     WESTINQHOUSE.     Complete     switchboard 
equipments  for  iron,  steel  and  general  industrial  plants. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SYPHONS.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  in  various  styles  and  shapes, 
for  large  and  small  vessels. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 


144        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

SYPHONS,  ACID,  of  fused  silica.     See  also  Quartz,  Fused  in  part 
II  of  this  Dictionary. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

SYPHONS,  ACID,  STEAM-JET.  Acid  syphons,  made  of  lead, 
stoneware,  porcelain,  iron  and  brass  for  elevating  and  transferring 
acid  and  other  solutions  by  means  of  steam.  Where  steam  is  ob- 
jectionable, we  refer  to  "  air- jet  lifts  "  and  "  automatic  montejus" 
operated  by  compressed  air.  These  acid  syphons  are  made  in  three 
separate  and  distinct  constructions,  according  to  material,  and 
therefore  space  here  will  not  permit  detailed  description,  except 
to  say,  that  the  proportions  of  steam  pressure  and  height  of  eleva- 
tion to  which  our  standard  machines  are  constructed  is,  steam 
pressure  in  pounds  =  20,  40,  60,  80,  100.  Total  elevation  in  feet  = 
20,  40,  60,  80,  100.  Capacities  range  from  200  to  30,000  gallons  per 
hour.  Manufacturers  catalogues  AA-2,  DD-2,  HH-2  and  OO-2  give 
full  particulars. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

TANKS.     See  also  Kettles. 

TANKS.  Open  or  closed  tanks,  receptacles  and  boilers,  etc., 
made  of  sheet  metal  of  all  kinds  best  suited  for  desired  service.  If 
desired  seams  can  be  welded,  thus  avoiding  rivet  heads  and  hard 
or  soft  solder  which  for  some  purposes  is  not  desirable.  Tanks  can 
be  furnished  with  block-tin  or  lead  lining. 
— BAEUERLE  &  MORRIS,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

.  TANKS  for  oil,  water,  cyaniding  solutions,  mining  solutions,  wine 
acid  solutions. 

— PACIFIC  TANK  &  PIPE  Co.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,  PORTLAND  ORE.,, 
Los  ANGELES,  CAL. 

TANKS.     For  solutions.     All  kinds,  wood,  cast,  iron  steel  and 
earthenware.     Especially  for  electroplaters. 
— HANSON  &  VAN  WINKLE  COMPANY,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

TANKS,  oil  storage.     Cylindrical  style  ready  for  transportation 
in  capacities  of  500  to  15,000  gallons.     Manhole  and  all  flanges  for 
pipe  connections. 
— ROCKWELL  FURNACE  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

TANKS,  oil  storage.     Cylindrical  style  ready  for  transportation 
in  capacities  of  500  to   15,000  gallons.     Manhole  and  all  flanges 
for  pipe  connections.     Blueprint  of  setting  and  Catalog  3. 
— W.  S.  ROCKWELL  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

TANKS,  oil  storage. 
— MONARCH  ENG.  &  MFG.  Co.,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  145 

TANKS,  CEMENT,  ACID-PROOF  CEMENT.     Concrete  or  cement 
tanks  of  any  size  or  shape  are  acid-proofed  by  saturating  them  with 
sulphur.     Write  for  licenses. 
— ANSON  G.  BETTS,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

TANKS  for  acids,  of  fused  silica. 
— THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

(See  also  Quartz,  Fused,  in  part  II  of  this  Dictionary.) 

TANKS,  COPPER.     For  all  chemical  and  metallurgical  purposes. 
— F.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

TANKS,  ENAMELED  STEEL.  Acid  and  alkali-proof  storage 
tanks.  Made  of  plate  steel  and  coated  with  an  enamel  that  is 
absolutely  acid  and  alkali  proof.  All  seams  are  welded  and  there 
are  no  riveted,  bolted,  or  packed  joints.  Storage  tanks  in  one 
piece,  from  10  to  1700  gallons  capacity. 
— THE  ENAMELED  PIPE  &  ENGINEERING  Co.,  ELYRIA,  OHIO. 

TANKS,  RUBBER.     Of  hard  rubber. 
— AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

TANKS,  STEEL.     Of  all  kinds  used  in  cyanide  work,  including 
lead-lined  tanks  for  acid  treatment.     Special  fittings  and  attach- 
ments for  cyanide  process. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

TANKS,  STEEL  SEAMLESS,  COLD  DRAWN.  Specially  adapted 
to  retain  air,  gas,  steam,  water,  oils,  fluids,  etc.,  under  pressure  for 
lighting  systems,  fire  extinguishers  and  air  brake  reservoirs  oxygen 
gas,  hydrogen  gas,  calcium  light,  gasoline,  acetylene  gas  and  chemical 
tanks,  automobile  tanks,  fuel  oil  burner  tanks,  heater  tanks,  ex- 
pansion and  anti-expansion  tanks,  filter  tanks,  gas  and  gasoline 
engine  tanks,  nebulizer,  vaporizer  and  atomizer  tanks,  and  for  any 
purpose,  where  a  light,  strong,  durable,  and  well  made  tank  is  wanted. 
Spuds  are  tapped  to  suit  requirements  and  can  be  placed  at  any 
point  on  the  tank.  Tanks  and  cylinders  are  made  for  any  hydraulic 
pressure  test  from  150  to  1200  pounds  per  square  inch,  the  thickness 
of  material  in  the  finished  product  varying  according  to  the  test 
required.  All  pieces  are  thoroughly  coated  inside  and  out  (tinned 
or  galvanized)  to  suit  requirements.  The  general  requirements  call 
for  300  pounds  hydraulic  test.  In  all  diameters  6"-7"-8"-9"-10"- 
12"-14"-16"-18"-20/'.  And  in  any  length  up  to  ten  feet. 
— JANNEY,  STEINMETZ  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

TANKS,  STONEWARE.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  of  all  sizes  and 
capacities,  with  and  without  outlets. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

TANKS,  STONEWARE  SQUARE.     Of  best  alkali,  acid  tempera- 
ture-resisting material,  used  for  refining  and  plating  purposes,  made 


146        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

up  in  any  sizes  as  far  as  their  construction  in  stoneware  is  practicable; 
very  favorably  known  throughout  the  country.     Are  also  made  of 
cast-iron  coated  with  acid-proof  enamel. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

TANKS,  WOOD.     Of  yellow  pine,  white  pine,  cypress  and  cedar, 
open  at  top  or  closed  with  head,  round,  oval  or  rectangular  shapes 
especially  for  chemical  works. 
— G.  WOOLFORD  WOOD  TANK  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

TEMPERING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Tempering  Steel  and 
Furnaces  Electric. 

TESTING  OF  REFRACTORIES.  We  maintain  a  complete  physi- 
cal and  chemical  laboratory  and  testing  department  and  are  prepared 
to  make  complete  tests  and  analyses  of  all  refractories  employed 
in  the  construction  of  metallurgical,  electrical  and  chemical  works 
furnaces.  Submit  us  samples  of  your  slags  with  full  information 
and  particulars  governing  your  furnace  conditions  and  we  will 
make  analysis  and  go  into  detail  from  the  engineering  as  well  as 
chemical  standpoint. 
— LACLEDE-CHRISTY  CLAY  PRODUCTS  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

TETRACHLORIDE  OF  TIN. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  DETINNING  Co.,  NEW  YORK  ClTY. 

THERMIT.  The  trade  name  given  to  the  mixture  of  iron  oxide 
and  finely  divided  aluminum  used  in  the  applications  of  alumino- 
thermics,  which  see.  When  ignited  by  means  of  ignition  powder 
in  one  spot,  the  reaction  between  the  two  ingredients  spreads 
throughout  the  mass  without  supply  of  heat  or  power  from  outside. 
The  aluminium  combines  with  the  oxygen  of  the  iron  oxide  to 
aluminium  oxide  A12O3 — a  slag,  which  floats  on  the  top  and  occupies 
three-fourths  of  the  volume  of  the  superheated  liquid  mass.  During 
the  formation  of  this  aluminium-oxide  the  iron  is  set  free,  and,  being 
the  heavier,  sinks  to  the  bottom  of  the  containing  vessel.  Its 
weight  equals  that  of  the  slag  and  is  half  the  weight  of  the  quantity 
of  thermit  ignited.  Its  volume,  however,  is  only  one-third  of  that 
of  the  slag.  The  reaction  must  take  place  in  suitable  vessels, 
namely,  magnesia-lined  crucibles.  (See  "  Welding  Outfit — Ther- 
mit.") 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

THERMIT  STEEL  RESULTING  FROM  THE  THERMIT  REACTION. 

Is  a  pure  mild  steel  of  about  the  following  average  analysis 

Carbon 0 . 05  to  0 . 10 

Manganese 0.08  "  0.10 

Silicon 0.09  "  0.20 

Sulphur 0.03  "  0.04 

Phosphorus 0.04  "  0.05 

Aluminum .0.07  "  0.18 


Part  1.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  147 

Its  weight  is  half  of  that  of  the  quantity  of  thermit  ignited  in  order 
to  produce  it.     (See  "  Thermit.") 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

TILE.     Grate  tile,  locomotive  tile.     Fire-clay  tile,  coke-oven  tile. 
Tile  for  oil-burning  furnaces. 
— THE  ASHLAND  FIRE  BRICK  Co.,  ASHLAND,  KY. 

TIMBER  PRESERVING  MACHINERY. 

— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

TIN.     Muriate  of  tin  crystals  and  muriate  of  tin  solution,  bichloride 
and  oxy  muriate  of  tin.     Tetrachloride  of  tin. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

TIN  BICHLORIDE. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  DETINNING  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

TIN  TETRACHLORIDE. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  DETINNING  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

TIN-LINED  iron  pipe.     See  Pipe. 

TINNING  FLUX. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

TINNING  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Tinning. 

TITANIUM  THERMIT.     A  material  for  purifying  iron  and  steel. 
See  Foundry  Practice  with  Thermit. 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

TON-CAP  SCREENS.     See  Screens,  Ton-cap. 

TORCH,   OXY-ACETYLENE.     See  Welding,   Oxy-acetylene  and 
Cutting,  Oxy-acetylene. 

TO U RILLS.     Receivers,  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware  with  2  or 
3  sockets  in  various  sizes  and  shapes  for  the  absorption  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  or  condensation  of  nitric  acid,  etc. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

TOU RILLS,  SYSTEM  CELLARIUS.  Made  of  acid-proof  stone- 
ware, for  cooling  and  absorption  apparatus.  These  tourills  are  very 
efficient  owing  to  the  large  cooling  surface.  The  absorbing  liquid 
travels  twice  the  length  of  the  tourill.  Especially  well  suited  for 
hydrochloric  acid  plants.  By  efficient  cooling  an  acid  of  24°  Be" 
can  be  obtained  and  the  capacity  increased. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 


148        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

TOURILLS,  VACUUM.  Made  of  acid-proof  stoneware  in  various 
capacities.  These  to.urills  are  tested  to  stand  a  vacuum  of  26  inches. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

TOWER  FILLINGS.  Scherfenberg  patent,  for  Glover,  Gay-Lussac 
and  Reaction  Towers,  also  for  cooling,  condensing,  absorption  and 
washing  towers,  easily  built,  large  reacting  surface  and  gas  passage, 
with  even  distribution.  Made  of  acid  proof  stoneware.  Also  made 
of  fire  brick  for  metallurgical  purposes. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

TOWER  FILLINGS.     Consisting  of  partition  pipes,  plates,  cups, 
balls,  etc.,  all  made  of  acid-proof  stoneware,  offering  large  surface  for 
cooling  and  absorption. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

TOWER  FILLINGS.     Every  description  of  tower  packings,  made 
from  best  chemical  proof  stoneware.     Rings,  tubes,  pans,  Guttmann 
balls,  etc. 
— CHARLES  GRAHAM  CHEMICAL  POTTERY  WORKS,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

TOWER  FILLINGS.     Acid-proof  brick.     Vitrified  chemical  rings 
for  packing  acid  towers. 
— LACLEDE-CHRISTY  CLAY  PRODUCTS  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

TOWER    FILLINGS.     Chemical    rings  and  other   special   tower 
packing. 
— A.  J.  WEEKS,  AKRON,  OHIO. 

TOWNSEND  CELL.     See  Cells,  Electrolytic. 

TRAMWAY  SYSTEMS,  Overhead  trolleys,  etc.     In  foundries  and 
elsewhere  for  conveying  material  by  means  of  trolleys  and  hoists 
Switches,    curves,    etc..    installed    complete.     Electric,    hand    or 
pneumatic. 
— NORTHERN  ENGINEERING  WORKS,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

TRANSFORMERS.     Alternating-current  electric. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

TRANSFORMERS,     ELECTRIC,     WESTINGHOUSE.     High  ten 
sion  air-blast;  oil-insulated,  water-cooled;  oil-insulated  self -cooled. 
In  any  capacity  for  indoor  or  outdoor  service. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

TRANSFORMERS,   ELECTRIC,  HEAVY-CURRENT,   WESTING- 
HOUSE.     Specially  designed  for  heavy  current,  oil-insulated  water- 
cooled  transformers  for  electrolytic  and  furnace  work. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  149 

TRANSPORT  VESSELS  OF  STONEWARE.      Also  adaptable  for 
storing  large  quantities  of  acids,  made  up  to  hold  about  800  gallons 
of  liquids. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

TRI-SODIUM    PHOSPHATE.     For    softening    water.     Removes 
scale  and  prevents  incrustations  in  boilers. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

TUBE  MILL.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 

TUBING,  FUSED  SILICA.     See  also  Quartz,  Fused  in  part  II 
of  this  Dictionary. 
— THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

TUBING,    RUBBER.     We   make   a   specialty  of   rubber  tubing 
either  pure  or  with  cloth  insertion,  for  conducting  acids,  chemicals, 
etc.,   under  different  pressures.     When  the  use  is  stated  we  can 
supply  tubing  that  will  fully  answer  all  requirements. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

TUBING,  RUBBER.     Brands  Granite  Shawmut  Harlem.     Cloth 
insertion  tubing.     For  acids,  etc. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

TUBING,  RUBBER  ANTIMONY.     Pure  antimony  rubber  tubing 
constructed   especially  for  chemically  laboratory   use,    with   extra 
heavy  walls.     Sizes,  ft";  A";  f";  f-     Catalog  B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

TUNGSTATE  OF  SODA. 

— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

TUNGSTEN.     See  also  Ferro-tungsten  and  Scheelite. 

TUNGSTEN.     Metallic,  96  to  99%  pure. 
— GEO.  G.  BLACKWELL,  SONS  &  Co.,  LTD.,  LIVERPOOL,  ENGLAND. 

TUNGSTEN.     Metallic,  low  carbon. 
— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 

TUNGSTEN.     Powder  98%  pure.     (Low  in  carbon.) 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

TUNGSTEN.     In  powder  metal.     99%,  free  from  carbon.    "Ruth- 
lock  "  brand. 
— MARCUS  RUTHENBURG,  LONDON. 

TUNGSTIC  ACID. 

— PRIMOS  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PRIMOS,  PA. 


150        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

TURBINES,     HYDRAULIC.     Reaction    and    impulse    turbines. 
Any  type,  any  capacity,  any  head.     Built  to  special  design  to  meet 
any  and  all  conditions. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

TURBINES,  STEAM.  The  Allis-Chalmers  Go's,  steam  turbine 
is  of  the  horizontal,  multiple-expansion,  parallel  full  annular  flow 
"  reaction  "  type,  generally  known  as  the  Parsons  type.  Contains 
many  important  improvements  made  by  the  Allis-Chalmers  Co. 
A  full  line  of  steam  turbines  and  turbogenerators,  ranging  in  ca- 
pacity from  300  to  20,000  kw.,  for  alternating-current  service. 
Economical,  reliable,  efficient.  Used  in  many  different  industries. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

TURBINES,  STEAM— WESTINQHO USE.  The  steam  turbine 
consists  of  a  casing  containing  a  number  of  rows  of  stationary  blades 
which  direct  the  expanding  steam  against  similar  sets  of  blades  on  a 
cylindrical  element  rotating  within  the  casing.  Westinghouse  tur- 
bines are  reaction  type,  or  reaction  with  impulse  blading,  or  impulse 
only  for  small  sizes.  Depending  on  the  service,  they  are  used  with 
or  without  vacuum.  Turbines  are  built  in  any  required  size  from 
300  kw.  to  10,000  kw.  and  upwards,  and  from  3600  to  750  r.p.m. 
Machines  below  300  kw.  are  generally  of  the  impulse  type.  Large 
overload  capacities  are  a  feature  of  Westinghouse  turbines. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

TURBINES,   STEAM.     HIGH-PRESSURE— WESTINQHOUSE. 

Designed  for  non-condensing  operation,  and  eminently  suited  for 
service  in  central  stations  operating  district-heating  systems,  owing 
to  their  great  overload  capacity  and  flat  water  rate  curve.  A  back 
pressure  of  from  1  to  6  Ibs.  is  all  that  need  be  carried  for  satisfactory 
service;  or  a  vacuum  return  system  having  no  return  pressure  on  the 
engines,  may  be  employed. 

An  alternative  to  straight  non-condensing,  is  furnished  by  the 
bleeder  system,  in  which  the  steam  for  heating  is  taken  from  the 
second  barrel  of  a  condensing  turbine  (equivalent  to  running  non- 
condensing)  and  all  the  steam  not  required  for  heating,  condensed 
after  passing  through  the  low  pressure  section  of  the  turbine.  This 
system  insures  maximum  economy  under  all  conditions,  as  there  is 
no  waste  of  steam,  it  either  being  sold  for  heat  or  used  in  the  low 
pressure  system  for  generating  power. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

TURBINES,    STEAM.     LOW-PRESSURE— WESTINGHOUSE. 

The  term  low-pressure  turbine  refers  to  turbines  which  use  exhaust 
steam  at  about  atmospheric  pressure,  by  expanding  it  to  lower  pres- 
sure maintained  by  means  of  a  condenser.  Steam  at  atmospheric 
pressure  is  available  for  use  in  turbines  in  nearly  all  steel  mills, 
and  in  many  light  and  railway  plants  originally  designed  to  operate 
noncondensing.  As  the  low-pressure  turbine  utilizes  exhaust  steam, 
the  power  generated  is  practically  without  cost.  It  does  not  increase 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  151 

steam  consumption  of  the  main  engine  and  therefore  does  not  require 
the  expenditure  of  more  fuel  although  capable  of  developing  from 
80%  to  100%  of  the  power  obtained  from  the  high  pressure   recipro- 
cating engine. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  MACHINE  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


TUYERE  COCKS.  ATWOOD.  Cast  brass.  For  use  on  blast 
furnaces. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

UNIVERSAL      KNEADING      AND     MIXING     MACHINE.     See 

Mixers  and  Kneaders. 

UNIVERSAL  PAPER  PULPING  MACHINE.     See  Paper  Pulping. 
VACUUM.     See  Exhausters,  and  Compressors. 

VAC  U  UM  APPA  RAT  US.     For  boiling  and  distilling,  made  of  acid- 
proof  stoneware,  either  in  one  piece  or  two  pieces,  in  various  ca- 
pacities and  shapes. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

VACUUM  DRYERS.     See  Dryers. 

VAC  U  UM  EVAPO  RATO  RS.  See  Evaporators  and  Pans. 
VACUUM  EXHAUSTER.  See  Blowers  Piqua  Positive. 
VACUUM  PANS.  See  Pans  and  Evaporators. 

VACUUM  VESSELS  OF  STONEWARE.      Capable  of  withstanding 
as  much  as  730-740  mm.  of  mercury. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

VALVES.  ATWOOD.  Gate  valves,  inside  or  outside  screw,  hand, 
motor  or  cylinder  operated.  Regularly  built  in  all  sizes  up  to  72". 

Low  pressure: — Parallel  seats,  iron  body  bronze  mounted  sizes 
8"  to  72"  for  working  pressures  up  to  50  Ibs.  Used  largely  for  pump 
suction  or  discharge,  low  pressure  air,  condenser  and  exhaust  lines, 
gas  lines,  etc. 

Standard  pressure: — Steam  and  water  valves  for  working  pres- 
sures up  to  125  Ibs.  per  sq.  in.  steam. 

Medium  pressure: — For  175  Ibs.  steam. 

High  pressure  steam  valves  for  working  pressure  up  to  250  Ibs. 
are  semi-steel,  solid  bronze  seats,  packing  collars  and  arch  nuts  and 
cold  rolled  steel  stems.  For  pressures  highert  han  250  Ibs.  see  below 
Valves,  Hydraulic. 

Glove  and  angle  valves.     Automatic  exhaust  relief    valves  for 


152        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

condenser  plants  to  protect  the  system  from  undue  pressure  in  case 
of  loss  of  vacuum.  Low-pressure  butterfly  valves.  Transfer  valves, 
etc. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

VALVES,  HYDRAULIC,  ATWOOD  AND  FITTINGS.  Two  standard 
pressures,  500  Ibs.  and  1000  Ibs.  Gate  and  wedge  valves,  critchlow 
valves  and  nests.  Hydraulic  manifolds  for  iron  and  steel  works, 
Tanner  operating  valve,  hydraulic  spring  cushions,  etc. 

The  Tanner  operating  valve,  3-way  or  4-way,  has  been  designed 
to  control  the  admission  and  exhaust  of  water  under  pressure  as  it  is 
used  in  the  cylinders  of  hydraulic  machinery.  Very  effective  for  use 
with  hydraulic  manifolds  operating  steel-works  apparatus,  such  as 
blast-furnace  bells,  etc.  Cup  packings,  the  best  type  for  ordinary 
water,  are  used.  For  laige  sizes  the  valve  is  controlled  by  small 
pilot  valve  which  operates  an  actuating  cylinder  on  the  main  valve 
and  which  may  be  placed  at  any  distance  form  the  main  valve. 
Regular  pressure  1000  Ibs.  These  valves  are  built  especially  for 
higher  pressures. 

— PITTSBURGH  VALVE,  FOUNDRY  &  CONSTRUCTION  Co.,  PITTSBURGH, 
PA. 

VALVE,  GAS  REVERSING,  AMSLER,  for  furnaces  and  similar 
purposes.  A  device  for  saving  the  gas  usually  wasted  at  the  time  of 
reversal.  The  valve  reverses  the  gas  and  air  simultaneously,  and 
comprises  both  gas  and  air  valve.  The  gas  is  automatically  cut  off 
during  the  time  of  reversing,  and  at  the  same  time  the  residual  gas 
in  the  flues  and  in  the  chambers  is  taken  into  the  furnace  and  burned 
instead  of  being  wasted  by  going  up  the  chimney  as  heretofore. 
— WALTER  O.  AMSLER,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

VALVE.  LEAD-LINED,  iron  valve,  in  form  of  a  Y.  The  washer 
can  be  hard  lead,  asbestos  or  rubber.  The  valve  can  be  made  either 
flanged  or  screwed.  All  the  interior  parts  are  thoroughly  protected 
with  lead.  The  washer  can  be  removed  at  any  time,  and  a  new  one 
substituted  at  a  very  slight  expense.  They  are  all  made  outside 
screw  and  yoke,  and  the  lead  lining  extends  up  into  the  stuffing  box. 
There  is  no  possible  chance  for  acids  or  corrosive  liquors  to  get  at 
the  iron. 
— LEAD-LINED  IRON  PIPE  Co.,  WAKEFIELD,  MASS. 

VALVE,  LEAD-LINED  CHECK  VALVE.  The  Schutte  Lead  Lined 
Check  Valve,  as  its  name  implies,  is  a  check  to  be  used  in  lead  pipe 
lines  for  handling  acids.  Every  inside  part  is  completely  lined  with 
hard  lead.  The  disc  is  an  earthenware  ball  which  closes  against 
a  reinforced  seat  turned  in  the  hard  lead.  This  ball  is  guided  by 
ribs  in  body.  The  valve  is  flanged  body;  the  inlet  being  offset  and 
above  the  outlet.  The  lead  projects  over  face  of  flanges  and  turned 
for  smooth  joint.  Catalog  LL-8. 

SCHUTTB  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Part  I.     Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  153 

VALVE,  LEAD  LINED  STOP  VALVE.  Made  for  handling  acids, 
etc.;  has  a  brass  casing  lined  with  hard  lead  on  every  inside  part 
which  comes  in  contact  with  the  liquid.  It  is  made  in  the  angle 
form  for  convenience  of  moulding.  The  lead  seat  is  cone  faced  and 
reinforced  at  this  point  in  body,  while  the  lead  disc  is  strengthened 
by  a  flattened  knob  on  bottom  of  hard  bronze  stem.  The  lead 
surrounds  this  stem  entirely  to  outside  of  lead  lined  stuffing  box. 
The  spindle  is  prevented  from  turning  by  a  crosshead  guided  in 
yoke,  while  the  nut  and  hand  wheel  only  revolves.  The  valve  is 
flanged,  the  lead  projecting  over  faces  and  turned  for  smooth  joint. 
This  valve  makes  a  positive  shut-off  and  has  wearing  and  lasting 
qualities.  Catalog  LL-8. 

— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

VALVES,  RUBBER.     We  supply  all  shapes  and  sizes  of  rubber 
valves  for  all  temperatures  and  pressures,  and  for  use  in  connection 
with  air,  acids,  alkalies,  water,  chemicals,  oil,  etc. 
— BOSTON  BELTING  COMPANY,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

VALVES,  RUBBER.  For  mining  and  blower  engines,  acid, 
ammonia,  boiler  feed  and  other  pumps.  Valves  to  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  each  case.  Among  our  specialties  are  valves  for  the 
beit  sugar  industry,  mine  pumps  (for  all  conditions  of  water),  marine 
pumps,  Bessemer  blowing  engines,  boiler  feed  pumps  (high  tem- 
peratures), pumps  of  water  works,  etc. 
— REVERE  RUBBER  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

VALVES,    STONEWARE.     Check    valves    for    pipe    lines    under 
pressure;  foot  valves  for  pumps;  an  acid  proof  stoneware  ball  ac- 
curately ground  on  to  a  stoneware  seat. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware.) 

VALVES,  STONEWARE,  SAFETY.     Of  acid-proof  stoneware,  for 
Montejus  or  Autoclaves. 
— DIDIER-MARCH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  stoneware  makers  see  Stoneware,) 

VANADIUM. 

— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

VANADIUM  ALLOYS. 

— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

VANADIUM  CAST  IRON.     For  gas  and  steam  engine  cylinders, 
ammonia  castings,  chemical  and  caustic  castings.     Strong,  tough, 
close  grain,  readily  machined. 
— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

VANADI UM-COPPER.     For  brass  foundries. 
— C.  W.  LEAVITT  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


154       Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

VANADIUM  STEELS.  Anti-fatigue.  Strongest  and  toughest 
statically  and  dynamically.  Type  "A":  for  axles,  crank  shafts, 
transmission  parts,  connecting  rods,  piston  rods,  crank  pins,  gears, 
shafting  bolts,  etc.  Type  "  D  ":  For  springs,  pinions,  gears,  keys, 
wire  cable,  shafting,  gun  forgings,  rifle  barrels,  etc.  Type  "  E  ". 
Case  hardening  steel  for  machine  and  engine  parts,  clash  gears, 
rivets,  bolts,  etc.  Type  "  G  ":  For  tires  and  solid  steel  car  wheels; 
Type  "  H  ":  For  cutlery,  tool  steel,  dies,  balls  and  ball  races,  rock 
drills,  files,  saws,  etc.  Type  "  J  ":  Steel  castings,  crucible  and  open 
hearth  for  all  purposes.  Type  "  K  ":  For  dies,  rivet  sets,  etc. 
— AMERICAN  VANADIUM  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

VAPOR  CONDENSER.  See  also  "  Dust  Collector,"  "  Gas 
Washer,"  "  Smoke  Consumer." 

VAPOR  CONDENSERS.  The  Koerting  "  obnoxious  vapor  con- 
denser "  absorbs  fumes  and  bad-smelling  vapors  in  water.  The 
vapor  condenser  proper,  operated  by  water  pressure,  sucks  in  the 
vapors  and  gases  from  dryer,  etc.,  and  partly  absorbs  them,  and  then 
discharges  into  tank  where  they  receive  a  further  treatment  of 
water  by  means  of  Koerting  centrifugal  spray  nozzles,  arranged  in 
this  tank.  The  draft  created  by  the  vapor  condenser  proper  forces 
the  unabsorbed  vapors  and  gases  up  a  stack,  where  they  are  finally 
absorbed  by  several  sprays  of  water  from  Koerting  spray  nozzles, 
and  the  water  drains  back  to  tank  and  discharges  at  bottom  to 
sewer.  In  cases  where  the  vapor  contains  gases  which  are  objec- 
tionable and  cannot  be  absorbed  by  water,  we  install  an  arrange- 
ment in  connection  with  our  Koerting  vapor  condenser  whereby 
certain  chemicals  are  sprayed  through  spray  nozzle  installed  in 
up-take  or  stack.  Catalog  RR-4. 
— SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

VENTILATORS.  Lead,  steam-jet.  See  Blowers,  lead,  steam-jet. 
— SCHUTTB  &  KOERTING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

VENTILATOR   FANS.     For  all  purposes. 
— ALLIS-CHALMERS  Co.,  MILWAUKEE,  Wis. 

VITREOSIL,  ACID-PROOF  CHEMICAL  APPARATUS.  Made  of 
pure  fused  silica.  Entirely  resists  acids  and  heat.  Supplied  in 
various  forms  of  pipes,  retorts,  etc. 

(See  also  Quarz,  Fused  in  Part  II  of  this  Dictionary). 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

WASHER.  Scaife  patent  automatic  trough  washer,  for  ores, 
coal,  sand,  etc.  This  apparatus  is  designed  to  wash  the  impurities 
and  foreign  matter  from  ores  and  coal,  also  metallic  sweepings,  etc. 
The  trough  is  a  semi-cylinder  of  cast  iron  slightly  elevated  at  one  end, 
and  in  this  revolves  a  cast-iron  spiral  ribbon  conveyor  which  forms  a 
series  of  dams  or  riffles  which  catch  the  heavier  material  and  dis- 
charge it  continuously  at  the  upper  end  of  the  trough.  The  lighter 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  155 

materials  are  carried  by  the  water  to  the  discharge  outlet  at  the 
lower  end.  The  trough  is  two  feet  in  diameter  by  twenty- four  long 
and  is  rocked  transversely  while  the  conveyor  is  revolved.  Washer 
possesses  efficiency,  simplicity,  durability,  large  scope  and  capacity, 
low  first  cost  and  small  cost  of  maintenance  and  operation.  Book- 
let. 
— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

WASHERS.  Washers,  bushings,  discs,  and  other  small  carbon 
articles  formerly  made  in  moulds,  can  frequently  be  far  more  economi- 
cally produced  by  machining  from  solid  Acheson  graphite  rods. 
High  electrical  conductivity,  purity  (99%),  smoothness,  lubricating 
properties,  resistance  to  oxidation  and  disintegration,  and  non- 
arcing  properties  are  important  considerations  in  this  connection. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

WASTE  PRODUCTS.  Many  manufacturers  are  throwing  away 
as  refuse,  materials  that  can  be  made  to  yield  more  or  less  revenue. 
From  the  nature  of  the  business  of  this  firm  as  manufacturers  of 
evaporators  and  chemical  machinery,  it  is  in  position  to  act,  and  has 
frequently  acted,  as  a  clearing  house  for  information  and  advice  on 
the  subject  of  waste  products.  To  the  extent  of  its  knowledge  it 
will  be  pleased  to  assist  in  the  development  of  propositions  of  this 
kind. 
— ZAREMBA  COMPANY,  BUFFALO,  N  .Y. 

WATER  PIPE  AND  TANKS.     See  Pipe  and  see  Tanks. 

WELDING— OXY-ACETYLENE.  Oxy-acetylene  welding  ap- 
paratus, designed  by  experts  having  extensive  foreign  experience,  to 
meet  every  welding  requirement.  A  feature  of  this  apparatus  is  its 
portability.  As  acetylene  cylinders  are  used,  no  difficulty  from  an 
insurance  standpoint  is  experienced,  and  there  is  no  necessity  of 
building  expensive  generator  houses.  The  blow  pipes  are  economical 
and  will  not  flash  back  of  overheat.  The  reducing  valves  are  of 
types  that  have  been  used  for  a  long  time  in  other  lines,  but  have 
been  modified  to  meet  the  special  requirements  of  oxy-acetylene 
welding.  The  company  is  also  prepared  to  supply  oxygenAand 
acetylene  generators  but  make  a  special  feature  of  their  portable 
plants. 
— AMERICAN  OXYGEN  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

WELDING  OXY-ACETYLENE.  Cast  iron,  steel,  aluminium,  brass, 
copper  and  other  metals,  also  welding  cast  iron  to  steel,  brass 
and  copper  to  either  and  to  each  other.  Davis-Bournonville  pro- 
cess. A  temperature  of  6300°  F.  is  attained,  under  absolute  control 
of  the  operator.  With  the  Davis-Bournonville  torch  the  acetylene 
and  oxygen  gases  are  most  thoroughly  mixed,  which  results  in  uni- 
form welds,  the  metals  operated  upon  being  neither  oxidized  nor 
carbonized.  In  the  tip  the  oxygen  enters  directly  in  line,  the 
acetylene  enters  laterally  through  four  holes,  both  uniting  and  dis- 


156        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

charging  through  one  hole.  The  openings  are  accurately  sized  to 
secure  proper  mixture  at  a  definite  relation  between  the  pressures 
of  the  two  gases.  Both  gases  are  furnished  to  the  flame  under 
pressure,  which  means  uniformity  in  flow.  The  Davis  pressure 
generator  maintains  a  maximum  pressure  of  15  Ibs.  per  sq.  inch 
of  acetylene  gas.  The  process  permits  strengthening  of  worn  parts 
of  metal  (see  Putting-on  Tool.)  With  this  process  it  is  possible  to 
build  up  teeth  in  broken  gear  wheels,  fill  blow  holes  in  castings, 
weld  broken  frames,  repair  steam  and  water  pipes  in  place,  weld 
aluminium  automobile  gear  cases,  automobile  crank  shafts,  etc. 
— DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING,    OXY-ACETYLENE.     Oxygenite   process    (see    Oxy- 
genite).     "  The  Weld  that  held."     Easy,  effective,  economical. 
— INDUSTRIAL  OXYGEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING,  OXY-ACETYLENE.  PUTTING-ON  TOOL.  With 
the  oxy-acetylene  welding  torch  (see  Welding,  Oxy-acetylene; 
metal  can  be  added  to  worn  parts  of  castings.  Weak  places  can  be 
strengthened.  Shafting  etc.,  cut  too  short,  can  be  lengthened. 
Small  parts  missing  or  broken  off,  can  be  added.  Patterns  sometimes 
shaped. 
— DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING,  OXY-HYDROGEN.  No.  28  oxy-hydrogen  burner  for 
lead  burning  is  made  of  brass  throughout.  Provided  with  safety 
gauzes  to  prevent  striking  back  of  flame.  Has  six  jet  tips  with 
varying  sized  orifices  and  a  wind  shield  to  prevent  blowing  out  of 
flame  when  in  use  out  of  doors. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

WELDING— THERMIT.  (1)  The  fracture  is  opened  out  by  drilling 
a  line  of  holes  through  the  section  of  the  metal  to  be  repaired.  A 
matrix  of  wax  is  then  formed  over  the  break,  of  the  exact  shape  that 
the  thermit  steel  collar  which  is  fused  into  the  casting  is  to  take  later. 
Over  this  wax  matrix  is  made  a  mold  of  refractory  material,  in  a 
sheet  iron  box,  a  preheating  gate,  pouring  gate,  and  large  riser 
being  provided.  When  the  mold  is  made,  a  gasoline  torch,  under 
compressed  air  pressure  of  some  30  Ibs.,  is  directed  through  the  pre- 
heating hole.  It  melts  out  the  wax,  dries  out  the  mold  and  brings 
the  metal  at  the  break  to  a  bright  red  heat.  While  the  preheating 
is  going  on,  a  crucible  containing  the  necessary  charge  of  thermit 
with  the  admixture  of  punchings  and  manganese,  is  suspended  over 
the  gate.  When  the  necessary  temperature  is  reached,  the  gasoline 
torch  is  withdrawn,  the  preheating  hole  plugged  with  a  sand  core 
held  in  readiness  and  the  charge  in  the  crucible  ignited  without  loss 
of  time.  The  ignition  of  the  thermit  starts  the  reaction  between  the 
aluminium  particles  and  the  iron  oxide  and  the  superheated  liquid 
steel  produced  thereby  is  run  into  the  mold  by  tapping  the  crucible 
from  the  bottom.  The  superheated  liquid  steel  running  into  the 
mold  melts  the  ends  of  the  casting  and  fuses  with  them,  and  in  cool- 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  157 


ing  forms  one  homogeneous  mass.  The  metal  not  only  fuses  to- 
gether the  two  ends  of  the  fracture  but  forms  a  steel  collar  which 
is  absolutely  amalgamated  with  the  casting  and  strongly  reinforces 
it.  (2)  Another  method  applicable  to  the  welding  of  pipes  and 
rods  is  the  following:  The  pieces  to  be  welded  are  accurately 
butted  together  and  held  in  specially  constructed  clamps.  They 
are  not  preheated.  A  cast  iron  mold  is  placed  around  the  joint  to 
be  welded.  The  thermit  is  ignited  in  a  flat-bottom  crucible,  in 
which,  after  completed  reaction,  the  slag  floats  on  top  and  the 
superheated  liquid  steel  at  the  bottom.  This  superheated  mass  is 
poured  rapidly  over  the  lip  of  the  crucible,  so  that  the  slag  will 
flow  first  into  the  mold  and  form  a  thin,  but  highly  refractory  layer 
on  the  walls  of  the  cast  iron  mold  and  on  the  surface  of  the  pieces  to 
be  joined.  The  thermit  steel  which  follows  simply  lies  between  two 
layers  of  slag.  This  mass,  held  in  the  mold,  brings  the  ends  of  the 
pipes  or  rods  to  welding  temperature.  The  clamps  are  then  further 
tightened  and  the  weld  is  complete. 

— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING— THERMIT  OUTFIT.  (A)  This  consists  of  a  crucible 
supplied  in  ten  different  sizes,  with  a  capacity  of  from  4  to  400  Ibs. 
and  a  shipping  weight  of  from  40  to  720  Ibs.,  made  of  sheet  iron 
and  lined  with  magnesia  tar.  The  crucible  is  supported  in  a  wrought- 
iron  ring,  to  which  are  attached  three  wrought -iron  legs.  Larger 
sized  crucibles  are  usually  slung  in  chains.  To  close  the  orifice  at 
the  bottom,  so-called  "  plugging  material  "  is  provided,  including 
a  pin,  which,  when  driven  up  from  below,  releases  the  charge  in  the 
crucible.  To  preheat  the  casting  and  dry  out  the  mold,  a  gasoline 
preheater,  operated  with  compressed  air  is  necessary.  With  about 
20  to  30  Ibs.  pressure,  this  gasoline  preheater  is  capable  of  bringing 
the  heaviest  sections,  like  8  x  10,  to  a  bright  red  heat  in  three  or 
four  hours.  For  tapping-spade,  a  piece  of  gas  pipe,  flattened  out 
at  the  end,  can  be  used.  These  appliances  form  the  entire  equip- 
ment. The  superheated  liquid  steel,  which,  by  fusion,  makes  the 
weld,  is  produced  through  the  ignition  of  the  Thermit  Powder,  which 
is  shipped  in  50  or  100  Ib.  drums.  In  order  to  start  the  reaction, 
Ignition  Powder  is  required,  the  usual  proportion  being  about  1  Ib. 
of  Ignition  Powder  to  about  50  reactions.  Admixtures  which 
are  advisable  in  operating  the  process  are  metallic  Manganese  and 
steel  punchings. 

(B)  The  pipe  welding  outfit  consists  of  a  cast-iron  mold,  flat-bottom 
crucibles  of  four  different  sizes,  tongs  to  hold  the  crucibles,  clamps 
to  draw  the  pipe  ends  together  (which  may  be  loaned  by  the  Gold- 
schmidt  Thermit  Co.,  if  desired)  and  the  necessary  welding  portions, 
accurately  measured  off  for  any  size  and  weight  of  pipe  up  to  4". 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING,  PIPE,  BY  THERMIT  PROCESS.  A  means  of  making 
a  pipe  joint  as  strong  as  the  pipe  itself,  without  increase  of  diameter 
inside  or  outside  of  the  pipe,  with  the  enormous  advantage  of  the 
work  being  done  after  the  pipe  is  in  place;  that  is  to  say,  in  the  ditch 


158        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

or  on  the  roof  of  a  factory,  or  wherever  it  may  be  necessary  to  do 
such  work.  Especially  valuable  for  ammonia  service  lines.  For 
description  of  the  process  see  "Welding- Thermit."  For  necessary 
outfit  see  "  Welding — Thermit  Outfit." 

GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING,  RAIL  JOINTS,  THERMIT.  Rail  joints  made  by  the 
thermic  process  have  the  special  advantage  that  through  the  light- 
ness and  portability  of  the  outfit,  a  small  number  of  joints  can  as 
economically  be  welded  at  one  time  as  a  large.  The  outfit  (see 
"  Welding- — Thermit  Outfit  "),  sufficient  to  pour  one  or  two  joints, 
can  be  transported  on  a  hand  truck.  The  joint  is  made  by  sur- 
rounding the  rail  ends  with  a  refractory  mold  and  igniting  the 
thermit  in  a  crucible  placed  over  the  gate  of  the  mold.  At  the  end 
of  the  reaction  of  the  thermit,  the  crucible  is  tapped  from  the 
bottom  and  superheated  liquid  steel  runs  into  the  mold,  surrounds 
the  base  and  web  of  the  rail,  with  which  it  fuses  on  account  of  its 
very  high  temperature,  and  in  cooling  makes  one  solid  steel  shoe, 
about  3*  wide  and  about  J"  thick  at  the  thickest  part.  This  weld 
combines  increased  electric  conductivity  with  all  the  advantages  of 
a  continuous  rail.  An  alternative  method  can  be  employed,  by 
which  not  only  the  web  and  base  of  the  rail,  but  also  the  head  are 
welded.  For  particulars  see  special  pamphlets  of  instructions. 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WELDING  SOLID  IRON  *  STEEL  SECTIONS  BY  THE  THERMIT 
PROCESS.  The  Thermit  Process  is  the  only  one  which  under  all 
circumstances  can  take  its  equipment  to  the  job.  It  can  weld 
sternposts  of  vessels  in  drydock,  rails  in  paved  streets,  locomotives 
on  the  engine,  without  dismantling;  crank  shafts  of  any  diameter; 
broken  bosses  of  rolls;  arms  of  the  largest  dredge  buckets,  in  the 
field;  gear  wheels.  We  also  undertake  work  by  contract,  under 
guarantee.  For  description  of  operation  see  "  Welding — Thermit." 
— GOLDSCHMIDT  THERMIT  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

WINDLASSES. 

— SCAIFE  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  Co.,  LTD.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

WIRE.     All  base  metals  and  alloys  in  flat  and  round  wire,  bare 
or  insulated. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE,  "  ADVANCE  "  ribbon  and  sheet.  A  non-corrosive  copper- 
nickel  alloy,  containing  no  zinc.  It  is  uniform  in  its  composition 
and  constant  in  its  resistance  under  all  conditions  of  service.  Specific 
resistance  48.5  michrohms  per  centimeter  cube;  temperature  co- 
efficient nil.  It  is  especially  recommended  for  measuring  instruments 
standards,  shunts,  and  apparatus  in  which  the  wire  is  subjected  to 
repeated  heating  and  cooling. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 


Part  I.    Commercial  Machinery  and  Material.  159 

WIRE,  "  CLIMAX  "  and  ribbon.  Specific  resistance  87  microhms 
per  centimeter  cube;  temperature  coefficient +  0.00072  per  degree  C. 
Its  low  temperature  coefficient  fits  it  for  any  use  to  which  German 
Silver  can  be  applied,  and  its  high  specific  resistance  makes  it  an 
economical  substitute.  Its  mechanical  properties  make  it  available 
for  rheostat  work  where  German  Silver  is  useless  on  account  of  its 
becoming  brittle  by  repeated  heating  and  cooling. 
—DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE,     FERRO-NICKEL,     and     ferro-nickel     ribbon.     Specific 
resistance  28  microhms  per  centimeter  cube;  temperature  coefficient 
0.002  per  degree  C. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE,  GERMAN  SILVER  and  ribbon;    containing  varying  per- 
centages of  nickel. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON, N  .  J. 

WIRE,     MANQANIN,     ribbon     and     sheet.     Specific     resistance 

42  microhms  per  centimeter  cube;  temperature  coefficient  0.000018 
per  degree  C. 

— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE,    "  MONEL  "    METAL    and    ribbon.     Specific    resistance 

43  microhms  per  centimeter  cube;  temperature  coefficient  0.002  per 
degree  C. 

— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE,  "  NICHROME  "  and  ribbon.  Specific  resistance  100 
microhms  per  centimeter  cube.  May  be  worked  continuously  at  a 
temperature  of  1000°  C.  This  alloy  is  practically  non-corrosive, 
has  an  extremely  high  melting  point  about  1500°  C,  and  is  far 
superior  to  nickel  in  its  ability  to  withstand  high  temperatures. 
Temperature  coefficient +  0.00044  per  degree  C.  Recommended  for 
laboratory  furnaces,  electrically  heated  appliances  and  resistance 
elements  generally  where  extreme  conditions  are  to  be  met. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE,     NICKEL.     Ribbon     and     sheet.     Commercially     pure. 
Specific  resistance  11  microhms  per  centimeter  cube;    temperature 
coefficient  0.004  per  degree  C. 
— DRIVER-HARRIS  WIRE  COMPANY,  HARRISON,  N.  J. 

WIRE     CLOTH.      The    Tyler    "  double    crimped  "    wire    cloth. 
Made  from  4"  space  to  200  mesh  in  all  sizes  of  wire  and  from  iron, 
steel,  brass,  copper  or  phosphor  bronze.     Catalogue  30. 
— THE  W.  S.  TYLER  COMPANY,  CLEVELAND,  OH*O. 

WOOD-PIPE.     See  Pipe. 

WOOD  DISTILLATION.     See  Distillation,  Wood. 


160        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

WOOD  TANKS.     See  also  Tanks. 
— G.  WOOLFORD  WOOD  TANK  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ZINC.     Zinc  chloride  solution  and  fused  chloride  of  zinc. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ZINC.     High-grade    spelter.     Soldering    flux,    commercial    salts, 
and  chloride  of  zinc  in  fused,  granulated  and  liquid  form. 
— SANDOVAL  ZINC  Co.,  EAST  ST.  Louis,  ILL. 

ZINC  AND  ZINC  DUST. 

— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ZINC  CHLORIDE. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ZINC  CONCENTRATES.     40%  to  50%  Zinc. 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

ZINC  PLATING  ON  IRON.     See  Electrogalvanizing. 


PART  IL 

Measuring    Instruments  and  Laboratory 
Supplies* 


ACIDS.     Chemically  pure.     Hydrochloric,  nitric,  sulphuric  acids. 
Full  particulars  and  prices  on  request. 
— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

ACIDS.     "  Baker's    Analyzed    Chemicals."     Every    label    shows 
an  analysis  and  the  guarantee  provides  that  the  contents  of  each 
bottle  will  conform  with  that  analysis. 
— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 

ACIDS.     Chemically  pure.     Hydrochloric,  nitric,  sulphuric  acids. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OF  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

ACIDS.  Chemically  pure,  sulphuric,  hydrochloric,  nitric,  and 
aqua  ammonia. 

— THE  GRASSELLI  CHEMICAL  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
AND  NEW  YORK. 

ACIDS,  Chemically  pure.  The  strictly  chemically  pure  sulphuric 
nitric,  and  hydrochloric  acids  (Black  Labels)  are  guaranteed  perfect. 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

AMMETERS,  WESTON  STANDARD.  See  Instruments,  Weston 
Standard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.  J. 

AMMONIA,   Aqua,   anhydrous  and   chemically   pure.     The  an- 
hydrous ammonia  is  sold  under  a  strict  guarantee  for  absolute  purity 
and  dryness.     The  "black  label  "  ammonia  (strictly  chemically  pure) 
is  in  the  same  class  as  the  "  black  label  "  acids. 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

ANALYTICAL  APPARATUS.     (See  also  Balances.  Weights.) 
— WM.  AINSWORTH  &  SONS,  DENVER,  COLO. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


162        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ANALYTICAL  APP  A  RAT  US.     Comprising  a  f  ull  line  of  laboratory 
supplies  for  the  analysis  of  fuels,  gaseous  and  solid  foods,  oils,  steel 
and  iron,  milk,  etc.,  etc.     Also  chemicals. 
— EIMER  AND  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

ANALYTICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS. 

— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 

— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK. 

— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

—THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

— HOSKINS  MFG.  Co.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

—MERCK  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

— QUEEN  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— VOLAND  &  SONS,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y. 

ANEMOMETERS.     For  measuring  the  velocity  of  air  or  gases,  all 
kinds. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ANEMOMETERS.     Covering  a  variety  of  readings  from  1000  ft. 
up  to  10,000,000  ft.     Also  supplied  with  zero  setting  attachment  so 
that  the  hand  can  be  easily  and  readily  set  back  to  zero,  with  each 
reading  as  actual. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

APPARATUS,  Special,  for  scientific  research  covering  all  branches 
of  physics. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

ASPHALT  TESTING  APPARATUS.  A  complete  line  of  penetro- 
meters,  flow  plates,  sieves,  etc.  Somner  apparatus  for  determining 
specific  gravity  of  asphalt,  etc.  All  the  appliances  mentioned  in 
"  The  Modern  Asphalt  Pavement  "  by  Richardson,  and  other 
standard  works. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ASSAY  APPARATUS.     See  also  Balances,  Weights. 
— WM.  AINSWORTH  &  SONS,  DENVER,  COLO. 

ASSAY  &  Metallurgical  Laboratory  Supplies.     A  com  piste  stock, 
of  balances,  crushers,  grinders,  furnaces,  muffles,  crucibles,  sieves, 
etc.     Heavy   chemicals,    litharge,    acids,    soda,    mercury,    etc.,   for 
assaying. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies     163 

ASSAY  BALANCES. 

— THE  SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 
(See  also  Balances.) 

ASSAY  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Assay. 

ASSAYERS  SUPPLIES. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— THE  SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 
(See  also  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

BACTERIOLOGICAL   APPARATUS.     A  full  line  of  incubators, 
sterilizers    for    heating    by    gas    or  electricity,  blood  counting   and 
culture  apparatus. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

BACTERIOLOGICAL    APPARATUS.     See    our    full    illustrated 
catalogs. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BACTERIOLOGICAL  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

BALANCES,    Precision    Assay,    Analytical    and    Chemical.     The 
recognized    standard.     Used    by    the    leading    assayers,    chemists, 
chemical  and  steel  works,  smelters  and  mills  throughout  the  world. 
Annual  output  1000  fine  balances,  Catalog  A-4. 
— WM.  AINSWORTH  &  SONS,  DENVER,  COLO. 

BALANCES  AND  WEIGHTS.     Of  all  makes  and  description. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

BALANCES  AND  WEIGHTS.     Analytical  and  assay  balances  for 
;apid  and  accurate  work.     Best  American  Makes. 
— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

BALANCES  AND  WEIGHTS.  The  analytical  and  assay  balances 
of  our  own  make  have  been  entirely  satisfactory  to  hundreds  of 
buyers  for  some  ten  years  past;  while  fully  satisfactory,  they  are 
comparatively  inexpensive.  We  also  furnish  balances  of  other  makes 
like  Becker's,  Troemner's,  Satorius',  G.  Kern  and  Sohn  and  others. 
Precision  and  ordinary  balances  for  general  laboratory  work.  25 
full  pages  in  our  Chemical  Apparatus  Catalog  descriptive  of  our 
balances  and  weights,  85  different  balances  being  listed  there.  The 
Williams  improved  Westphal  balance  for  the  rapid  and  accurate 
determination  of  the  specific  gravity  of  liquids  and  solids  both 
soluble  and  insoluble  in  water,  specially  suitable  for  cement  labora- 
tories and  for  the  mineralogist  and  prospector. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 


164        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

BALANCES.  Laboratory  balances  for  specific  gravity  work. 
Students'  balances  for  high  schools,  also  for  commercial  purposes. 
Agents  for  Sauter's  balances  and  weights,  which  have  been  sold  for 
the  last  twenty-years  and  have  come  up  to  the  highest  expectations. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

BALANCES  and  weights.  We  are  the  American  agents  for  the 
balances  made  by  H.  L.  Becker  Fils  &  Co.,  Brussels.  They  are  of 
superior  workmanship,  elegant  finish,  and  greatest  sensitiveness  and 
accuracy.  Our  gold-plated  analytical  balance  with  aluminium  short 
beam  No.  300  has  a  capacity  of  200  grams  and  is  sensitive  to  1/20 
milligram.  Gold-plated  weights. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

BALANCES  AND  WEIGHTS.     Analytical   and  assay  for  all  pur- 
poses.    All  standard  American  makes,  as  well  as  the    better  grade 
of  German  balances  and  weights  for  ordinary    weighing  as  well  as 
most  accurate  laboratory  work. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BALANCES.     The  Keller  balance.     Catalog  E. 
— THE  SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 

BALANCES  and  weights.  We  are  the  sole  U.  S.  agents  for 
Becker's  Sons  (Rotterdam)  high-grade  balances  and  weights.  We 
are  also  prepared  to  furnish  balances  and  weights  of  any  make, 
such  as  Troemner's,  Ainsworth's,  Thompson's,  Christian  Becker's, 
Satorius',  Kern's,  etc.  All  kinds  for  all  purposes.  Illustrated 
catalogs. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

BALANCES    and    weights.     Analytical    and    assay.     All   kinds. 
This  firm's  own  balances  with  special  improvements.     Also  balances 
of  any  other  make,  domestic  or  foreign. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BALANCES,  analytical  and  weights.     Sole  U.  S.  Agents  for  the 
Staudinger  analytical  and  assay  balances,  also  Troemner,  Becker, 
and  other  American  makes  at  factory  prices. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BALANCES  AND  WEIGHTS.  Standard  precision  balances  and 
weights.  Established  1888.  Our  new  factory  is  equipped  in  the 
most  modern  way  for  the  manufacture  of  the  finest,  most  sensitive 
and  quick-weighing  balances.  We  are  able  to  fill  almost  any  tele- 
graphic order  in  the  quickest  possible  time.  Assay  balances,  ana- 
lytical balances,  bullion  balances,  balances  for  scientific  use,  diamond 
balances,  jewelers'  balances,  prescription  balances,  pulp  balances. 
Weights  and  riders.  Repairing  of  balances  and  weights  promptly 
attended  to.  Illustrated  catalog  E. 
— VOLAND  &  SONS,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     165 

BAROMETERS.     Every  type  of  barometer,  both  mercurial  and 
aneroid. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

BLOWERS.  Foot  blowers.  Power  blowers.  Combines  air 
blower  and  vacuum  pump.  Our  power  blowers  range  in  capacity 
from  4  cu.  ft.  to  400  cu.  ft.  per  minute,  with  a  pressure  of  from  1  to  10 
pounds  per  square  inch.  Excellent  for  agitating  solutions,  also  for 
the  blending  of  liquors  by  the  percolation  process. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

BLOWERS.     Positive  pressure  blowers  of  various  types.     Also 
hand  and  foot  blowers,  etc. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

BLOWERS.     Belt  or  electric  power  rotary  positive  blowers  for 
supplying  3  to  300  cu.  ft.  per  minute,  up  to  8  pounds  pressure  for 
furnaces,  agitating  cooling  or  purifying  liquids,  etc. 
— THE  PIQUA  BLOWER  COMPANY,  PIQUA,  OHIO. 

BLOWERS.     Various  hand,  foot,  and  water-blast  blowers. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

(Other  dealers  see  under  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

BLOWPIPE  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Blowpipe. 

BLOW  PIPES.  Ranging  in  size  from  the  smallest  automaton  to 
the  largest  brazing  and  welding  blowpipes  made,  for  use  with  coal 
gas,  natural  gas,  or  gasoline  gas.  Oxy-hydrogen  blow  pipes  for 
lead  burning,  with  straight  and  curved  shaft,  and  six  jets  with 
varying  sized  orifices  and  wind  shield. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

BLOWPIPES.  All  kinds  and  types.  Plattner's  blow-pipe  cabinet 
of  Lingke's  (Freiberg)  make.  Blow-piping  set,  prospector's  outfit. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

BLOW  PIPES,  GASOLINE.  The  Hoskins  blow  pipes  are  made  in 
different  sizes  entirely  of  brass  and  are  safe  and  convenient  for 
chemical  or  assay  work,  heating  soldering  iron,  brazing,  etc.  They 
operate  entirely  on  gasoline,  the  pressure  being  developed  in  and  sup- 
plied from  their  reservoir  tanks. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

BLOW  PIPES.     All  kinds  for  laboratory  work. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

BRIDGE.  HOOPES  conductivity,  consists  of  a  modified  form  of 
Kelvin  bridge,  the  modification  consisting  in  an  arrangement  of 
scales,  by  which  the  percentage  conductivity  of  the  specimen  being 
tested  is  directly  read  from  the  scale.  It  is  particularly  adapted 


166        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

for  use  where  it  is  desired  to  know  the  conductivity  of  large  numbers 
of  samples  of  metals  as  they  are  being  produced,  or  of  wires  as  they 
are  being  drawn.  It  may  be  arranged  for  wires  of  a  large  number 
of  sizes  and  for  wires  of  different  metals.  The  instrument  is  capable 
of  being  used  to  an  accuracy  of  1/20  of  a  per  cent. 
—LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BRIDGE.  KELVIN  double  bridge.  Intended  for  the  measure- 
ment of  resistances  of  less  than  1  ohm,  and  with  it  measurements 
may  be  made  down  to  .00001  ohm  with  the  same  accuracy  that 
higher  resistances  are  measured  on  the  Wheatstone  Bridge.  In  this 
instrument  a  few  fixed  ratio  coils  are  employed  with  an  accurate 
variable  low-resistance  standard.  The  resistance  ratio  coils  are 
built  of  manganin  which  has  a  very  low  temperature  coefficient,  and 
a  negligible  thermo-electromotive  force  against  copper.  It  will 
measure  resistances  from  1  to  .00001  of  an  ohm  with  an  accuracy  of 
better  than  1/50  of  a  per  cent. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BRIDGE.  KOHLRAUSCH.  Slide  wire.  A  special  type  of  slide- 
wire  bridge.  In  it  the  slide  wire  is  coiled  on  a  marble  cylinder  15  cm. 
in  diameter  with  total  length  of  wire  of  470  cm.  There  are  no  sliding 
contacts  in  circuit  with  bridge  wire,  and  the  point  of  contact  is  so 
connected  that  it  affects  nothing  other  than  the  sensitiveness  of  the 
combination.  Ths  sliding  contact  is  made  so  that  it  will  positively 
not  wear  the  wire. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BRIDGE.  LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP.  Slide  wire.  Largely  used  in 
the  measurement  of  the  conductivity  of  electrolytes.  They  are  built 
one  meter  long  in  two  types,  reversible  and  non-reversible.  The 
reversible  type  is  used  for  work  of  the  highest  precision,  and  is  so 
arranged  that  the  terminals  of  the  bridge  may  be  reversed.  In 
both  types,  the  strap  connections  are  of  heavy  copper,  all  joints 
soldered  aad  provision  made  for  the  insertion  of  extension  coils. 
The  reversing  type  is  provided  with  coarse  and  fine  adjustments, 
and  vernier  enables  an  adjustment  to  be  made  to  0.1  millimeter. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BRIDGE,  QUEEN-KOHLRAUSCH.  For  measuring  electrolyte 
conductivities  with  alternating  current  and  a  telephone  receiver. 
An  improved  design  in  which  are  eliminated  all  the  defects  of  previous 
forms  such  as  contacts  directly  in  the  bridge  wire  circuit.  The 
bridge  contact  is  a  new  design  constructed  so  as  not  to  wear  the  wire. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BRIDGE.  QUEEN-WHEATSTONE  of  the  plug  and  dial  types. 
For  general  use  in  measuring  resistances  of  solid  conductors.  The 
resistances  are  wound  with  manganin  and  are  practically  free  from 
inductance  and  capacity  so  as  to  be  used  without  error  with  rapidly 
alternating  currents. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     167 

BRIDGE.  WHEATSTONE,  and  Resistance  Boxes,  Leeds  & 
Northrup.  The  resistance  material  used  in  these  instruments  is 
manganin  wire,  it  being  wound  on  wooden  or  metal  spools.  These 
spools  are  mounted  in  each  case  on  the  polished  hard  rubber  tops  of 
the  protecting  box.  Manganin  has  an  exceedingly  low  temperature 
coefficient.and  a  negligible  thermo-electromotive  force  against  copper. 
The  winding  is  strictly  bifilar,  and  practically  free  from  inductance 
and  capacity.  The  coils  of  a  given  type  are  completely  inter- 
changeable, and  are  provided  with  copper  terminals  so  that  should 
an  accident  occur  and  a  given  coil  be  burned  out  a  new  coil  could 
be  mounted  in  the  case  by  the  user  without  affecting  the  accuracy 
of  adjustment.  The  coils  are  carried  in  stock  until  thoroughly 
seasoned.  The  bridges  are  listed  as  the  following:  Dial  Decade 
Box,  Plug  Decade  Box,  Post-Office  Box,  and  Anthony  Box.  The 
Dial  Decade  is  the  most  convenient  for  ordinary  commercial  pur- 
poses. The  accuracy  of  adjustment  ranges  from  0.01  per  cent  in 
high  grade  standard  sets,  to  0.2  per  cent  in  the  commercial  sets. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

BURNERS.     Heating  burners  of  all  kinds  and  styles.     Evapora- 
ting burners  of  copper  and  cast  iron,  adapted  for  any  kind  or  quality 
of  gas  by  adapting  our  wheel  valve  or  cap  nut  regulator.     Bunsen 
burners,  with  fixed  length  of  flame,  and  also  adjustable  bunsens. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

BURNERS.     For  alcohol,  gasolene,  kerosene,  coal  gas,  gasolene 
gas  and  natural  gas.     A  very  large  variety.     Also  blast  lamps. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

BURNERS.     For  gasoline.     Highest  operating  efficiency  obtained 
by  this  design,  which  has  been  in  successful  use  for  30  years. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

BURNERS.     For  laboratories.     All  kinds  for  use  with  alcohol, 
benzine,  gasoline,  natural  gas,  or  artificial  gas. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.  See  also  Welding, 
Oxy-acetylene,  and  Oxy-hydrogen,  in  Part  I  of  this  Dictionary.) 

CALORIMETERS.     For  solid,  liquid  and  gaseous  fuels. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y.     , 

CALORIMETERS.  Emerson  fuel  calorimeter  (a  bomb  calorimeter 
of  the  Berthelot  type  embracing  the  latest  improvements  in  calori- 
meters) equal  in  accuracy  to  other  standard  bomb  calorimeters 
although  much  less  expensive.  Graefe  gas  calorimeter  (a  handy 
and  inexpensive  substitute  for  the  Junker  calorimeter  for  use  where 
extreme  accuracy  is  not  essential).  Hempel's  calorimeter  (as  de- 
scribed in  his  work  on  Methods  of  Gas  Analysis).  Junker's  gas 
calorimeter  recommended  by  the  Am.  Gas  Institute  (for  measuring 
the  calories  produced  per  unit  volume  of  gas;  very  little  time  is 


168        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

required  for  taking  a  measurement  and  the  instrument  may  be 
attended  to  by  an  inexperienced  person).  Mahler  and  Atwater 
bombs.  Parr  standard  calorimeter  (for  determining  the  heat  units 
in  bituminous  and  anthracite  coals,  lignites,  coke,  petroleum,  etc.) 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

CALORIMETERS.   Mahler  bomb  type,  for  measuring  the  calorific 
value  of  coals  and  heavy  oils.     Other  various  types  of  calorimeters 
described  in  special  circular. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CALORIMETER.     Sargent's    for    the    rapid    estimation    of    the 
calorific  value  of  combustible  gases.     Accuracy  and  uniformity  of 
results  gained  by  weighing  the  water.     Also  Junker's  gas,  Mahler 
bomb,  and  Parr's  calorimeter. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CALORIMETERS.     Mahler  Bomb,  Parr  standard,  or  Junker. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MALTERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CALORIMETER.  Rosenhain  fuel.  For  determining  the  calorific 
value  of  solid  or  liquid  fuel.  The  sample  is  of  compressed,  powdered 
solid  fuel  or  is  an  absorption  pellet  soaked  with  liquid  fuel.  It  is 
burnt  under  water  in  a  current  of  oxygen  inside  a  glass  vessel  also 
completely  immersed  in  water  so  that  the  water  takes  up  practically 
the  whole  of  the  heat  given  out.  The  rise  of  temperature  in  the 
water  is  read  by  an  accurate  thermometer. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

CALORIMETERS.  Parr  standard,  Atwater  bomb,  Junker  gas, 
Emerson  fuel,  Mahler  bomb  for  immediate  delivery  at  factory  prices. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CALORIMETERS.     Of  various  types. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CARBONIC  ACID  APPARATUS.     Many  different  designs. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

CATHETOMETERS.     A  large  line  of  various  sizes  and  of  dif- 
ferent degrees  of  accuracy.     Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CAUSTIC  SODA. 

— ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  Co.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 

— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  AND  NIAGARA  FALLS. 

— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

(Also  all  dealers  of  chemicals,  see  Chemicals  and  Laboratory  Sup- 
plies.) 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     169 

CEMENT.  De  Khotinsky  laboratory  cement.  Originally  pre- 
pared for  making  air-tight  joints  in  incandescent  lamps  and  vacuum 
tubes,  but  generally  useful  for  cementing  glass  and  metals,  and  also 
as  an  insulating  material  and  a  protective  covering.  Its  specific 
resistance  and  specific  inductive  capacity  are  higher  than  those  of 
mica.  It  is  not  attacked  by  nitric,  sulphuric,  and  hydrochloric  acids, 
bisulphide  of  carbon,  benzine,  gasoline,  and  turpentine,  and  very 
little  affected  by  ether,  chloroform,  caustic  alkalies,  etc.  Three 
grades:  Hard  cement  for  cementing  glass,  metals,  porcelain,  etc. 
Medium,  for  cementing  and  insulating  purposes.  Soft,  for  insulating 
and  covering  electric  wires,  for  condensers  and  static  machines,  and 
for  protection  against  corrosion.  An  especially  hard  material  is 
prepared  for  molding  insulators  for  high-potential  purposes. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CEMENT  TESTING  APPARATUS.     A  full  line  of  briquette  molds; 
standard  sieves  and  general  glassware. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

CEMENT  TESTING  APPARATUS.  Complete  equipment  of  ap- 
paratus necessary  for  the  chemical  analysis  or  physical  tests  of 
cement.  In  our  automatic  cement  testing  machine,  the  weight  is 
applied  by  a  stream  of  shot  which  runs  from  a  reservoir  into  a  pail 
suspended  at  the  end  of  a  steel  yard-arm  and  which  is  cut  off  auto- 
matically when  the  briquet  breaks.  In  its  improved  form,  it  is 
equipped  with  sub-base  containing  a  new  tension  attachment,  to 
apply  steady  tension  to  briquets  until  broken.  Capacity  1000  or 
2000  Ibs. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CEMENT  TESTING  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CENTRIFUGAL  MACHINE.     Bausch  &  Lomb  precision  centri- 
fuge,   electrically   driven,    with  sufficient    power    and    capacity    to 
accommodate  varied  sizes  of  bottles  in  all  kinds  of  analyses. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

CENTRIFUGAL    MACHINES.     E.    &    A.    laboratory    universal 
centrifugal  machine,  for  hand  and  power.     Purdy's  electric  centri- 
fuge.    Babcock's  centrifuge.     Centrifuges  with  water  motor  etc. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

CENTRIFUGAL  MACHINES.     This  firm  makes  a  specialty  of  all 
kinds  of  glasses,  graduated  and  plain,  for  such  machines. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CENTRIFUGAL  MACHINES.  A  rotating  receptacle  or  receptacles 
for  applying  centrifugal  force,  usually  to  liquid  or  solid  matenal, 
for  the  purpose  of  separating  the  integral  parts  of  the  mixture,  e.g.,  to 


170        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

throw  off  mother-liquor  from  salts  or  to  hasten  precipitates  of  solid 
particles  in  a  liquid.  Made  in  two  general  types,  the  bucket  type 
and  the  cylindrical  or  basket  type;  in  the  former  type  one  or  more 
pairs  of  cups  or  tubes  for  containing  liquid  are  horizontally  rotated 
about  a  vertical  axis,  in  the  latter  type  a  cylinder,  either  solid  or 
perforated,  is  rotated  about  its  own  vertical  axis.  The  precipitating 
force  varies  directly  as  the  distance  of  the  particles  from  the  axis 
of  rotation,  and  directly  as  the  square  of  the  speed  of  rotation.  The 
electric  centrifuges  of  the  International  Instrument  Co.  are  made 
in  5  regular  sizes,  the  motors  ranging  from  about  i  h.p.  to  about 
l-£  h.p.  and  are  made  in  special  sizes  for  motors  up  to  7  h.p.  All 
but  the  smallest  sizes  are  entirely  enclosed  with  steel  armor.  Tube 
receptacles  vary  in  capacity  from  2  cc.  to  500  cc.  Cylindrical  or 
basket  receptacles  from  200  cc.  to  4000  cc.  Maximum  speeds  are 
different  for  different  models  and  vary  from  1200  r.p.m.  to  4000  r.p.m. 
For  chemists,  centrifuges  are  especially  useful  for  two  purposes,  for 
efficient  removal  of  mother-liquor  in  purification  of  salts  (see  Article 
by  Richards,  Vol.  27,  190.5,  p.  104,  Jour.  Am.  Ckem.  Soc.)  and  for 
quick  and  complete  settling  of  precipitates,  as  barium  sulfate,  for 
example,  in  gas  analysis. 
— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

CENTRIFUGAL    MACHINE.     For    the    rapid    approximate    de- 
termination of  phosphorus  in  steel  by  the  Goetz  method. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

CENTRIFUGAL  MACHINES.     All  kinds  for  all  purposes. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
(See  also  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

CHEMICALS.     Chemically    pure    ammonium    hydrate,    chemical 
salts,  and  reagents.     Full  particulars  and  prices  on  request. 
— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

CHEMICALS.  "  Baker's  Analyzed  Chemicals."  Every-  label 
shows  an  analysis,  and  our  guarantee  provides  that  the  contents  of 
each  bottle  will  conform  with  that  analysis.  Price  lists  on  request. 
— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 

CHEMICALS.     Heavy  and  fine  chemicals,  drugs,  oils,  wax,  min- 
erals,  etc.     Nickel,  antimony,  and  other  metals.     Stearine  pitch, 
nickel  salts.     A  full  line  of  varnish  dryers. 
— FUERST  BROS.  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

CHEMICALS.  Chemically  pure  ammonium  hydrate,  chemical 
salts  and  reagents. 

— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— GENERAL  CHEMICAL  Co.  OP  PENNA.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     171 

CHEMICALS.     "Let  Merck  make  the  "Blank  Test  "  for  you. 
To  that  end,  buy  Merck's  Blue  Label  Reagents." 
— MERCK  &  Co.,  NEW  YORK,  ST.  Louis,  RAHWAV,  N.  J. 

CHEMICALS. 

— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

CHEMICALS  AND  CHEMICAL  APPARATUS.  A  complete  line 
of  technical  chemicals  for  analytical  and  assay  work.  Apparatus 
to  meet  general  laboratory  requirements,  as  well  as  apparatus  for  gas 
analysis,  cement  testing,  blow-pipe  analysis,  sugar  analysis,  iron  and 
steel  analysis,  etc.,  etc. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CHEMICALS,  Commercial  and  chemically  pure  acids  and  am- 
monia, anhydrous  ammonia,  liquid  carbonic  acid  gas,  electrolyte. 
— THE  WESTERN  CHEMICAL  MFG.  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CHLORIDE  OF  PLATINUM.     Potassium  platinum  chloride  and 
any  other  platinum  salt. 
— AMERICAN  PLATINUM  WORKS,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

CHLORINE  and  chlorine  products,  like  bleaching  powder. 
— ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  Co.,  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 
— CASTNER  ELECTROLYTIC  ALKALI  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 
— HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— PENNSYLVANIA  SALT  MFG.  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

(Also  general  dealers  in  chemicals,  see  Chemicals.) 

CIRCUIT  TESTERS,  WESTON.  See  Instruments.  Weston  StanT 
dard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.J. 

COAL  TESTING  APPARATUS.     A  complete  line  of  calorimeters 
for  B.  t.  u.  test,  sulphur,  ash  and  carbon  determination  apparatus, 
sieves,  balances,  and  grinders  for  preparing  coal  samples. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

COLORIMETER.   Leed's,  Stammer's  Dubosc-Soleil's,  Lavibond's 
tintometer  for  the  analysis,  accurate  measuring,  and  recording  of  all 
colors,  for  chemists,  dyers,  brewers,  tanners,  sugar  refineries,  flouring 
mills,  oil  refineries,  soap  and  paper  manufacturers,  etc. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

COLORIMETER  and  Tintometer.     Ives  patent  for  commercial 
purposes,  for  accurate  analysis  and  recording  of  all  colors.     Special 
catalog. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


172        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

COLORIMETER.     Kennicott-Sargent.     An  improved  form  of  the 
Kennicott  apparatus.     Permits  great  rapidity  of  operation,  while 
maintaining  highest  efficiency. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

COMBUSTION  APPARATUS.  For  the  determination  of  carbon 
in  steel,  ferro-alloys  and  graphite,  by  the  use  of  the  new  com- 
bustion train  of  C.  M.  Johnson,  together  with  our  No.  17  tube  furnace, 
operated  by  gas.  Write  for  illustrated  and  descriptive  brochure. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

COMBUSTION  APPARATUS.  E.  &  A.  carbon  combustion  cruci- 
ble, so  arranged  that  the  entering  air  or  oxygen  is  superheated  and 
does  not  blow  directly  upon  the  substance  to  be  treated.  The  gases 
CO  and  CO2  escaping  slowly  through  a  chamber  in  the  top  of  the 
apparatus  which  is  provided  with  granulated  copper  oxide  to  effect 
perfect  oxidation,  doing  away  with  the  cumbersome  water-cooling 
and  special  CuO-tube.  In  this  crucible  combustions  are  made  in 
about  half  the  usual  time  without  any  loss  of  material  and  without 
use  of  rubber  joints.  It  may  be  provided  with  stirring  arrange- 
ment, and  can  be  had  of  straight  or  conical  form  to  admit  a  Gooch 
crucible,  saving  transferring.  Apparatus  designed  by  C.  M.  Johnson 
for  determination  of  carbon  in  iron,  steel,  ferro-alloys  and  plumbago. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

COMBUSTION     APPARATUS.     Shimer-Sargent.     For     the     de- 
termination of  carbon  in  steel  by  the  direct  or  precipitation  com- 
bustion methods  with  the  assistance  of  air  or  oxygen. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

COMBUSTION  APPARATUS.  C.  M.  Johnson's.  For  the  de- 
termination of  carbon  in  iron,  steel,  ferro-alloys,  etc.  A  complete 
combustion  in  steel  can  be  made  in  25  minutes,  including  all  opera- 
tions. Very  compact  and  with  the  exception  of  the  connections  to 
the  combustion  tube  there  are  no  rubber  stoppers  in  the  entire  train, 
glass  goosenecks  being  used  to  avoid  stoppers.  The  electric  furnace 
is  very  economical  and  radiates  very  little  heat.  Operates  equally 
well  on  either  alternating  or  direct  current  at  either  110  or  220  volts, 
also  made  to  order  for  other  voltages  up  to  220.  By  making  a  "  Y  " 
connection  two  furnaces  can  be  operated  together,  thus  saving  con- 
siderable time.  (See  Scientific  Materials  Co's.  advertisement  in 
Electrochemical  and  Metallurgical  Industry,  May,  1909). 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

COMBUSTION  BOATS.     Made  of  a  new  substance  that  is  practi- 
cally indestructible,  with  a  binder  of  high  heat  resisting  qualities 
insuring  a  boat  of  exceedingly  long  service. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     173 

COMBUSTION  CRUCIBLE.  Aupperle  for  carbon  determination 
gives  rapid  and  accurate  results.  Capacity  60  cc.  weight  105  grams. 
— J.  BISHOP  &  Co.,  PLATINUM  WORKS,  MALVERN,  PA. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

COMBUSTION  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Combustion. 

CONDENSERS  Queen,  for  precision  measurements  of  capacity 
in  single  and  subdivided  values  of  mica  and  adjusted  to  an  accuracy 
of  i  of  1%.  Also  condensers  for  measurements  of  less  accuracy  and 
which  are  termed  "  commercial  "  of  mica  and  adjusted  to  an  ac- 
curacy of  1%.  A  convenient  form  is  1  microfarad  divided  into  sec- 
tions of  0.05,  0.05,  0.2,  0.2,  and  0.5  M.  P.  and  so  arranged  that  the 
subdivisions  can  be  combined  in  series  or  parallel. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

CONDUCTIVITY.     Measurements.     See  Bridge. 
CRUCIBLE  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Crucible. 

CRUCIBLES.     All  kinds  and  sizes  for  assay  and  experimental 
work.     Made  of  Hessian  Sand,  Black  Lead,  French  clay,  iron,  nickel, 
platinum,  porcelain  or  silver. 
— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

CRUCIBLES.     Plumbago  crucibles.     "  Buffalo  clay  "   crucibles, 
made  of  the  most  refractory  clay  known,  readily  resisting  tempera- 
tures to  nearly  1800°  C.     Clay  covers.     Catalog  B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

CRUCIBLES  of  carbon  and  graphite. 

— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y.    . 

CRUCIBLES  of  carbon  and  graphite. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

CRUCIBLES.     Made    of    porcelain,    nickel,    copper,    iron,    clay, 
plumbago,  silver  or  platinum. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

CRUCIBLES  of  platinum.  See  Platinum.  Other  dealers  in 
crucibles  see  Laboratory  Supplies. 

CRUSHERS  and  grinding  mills,  etc.,  for  sampling  and  laboratory 
work. 
— COLORADO  IRON  WORKS  Co.,  DENVER,  COLO. 

CRUSHERS  for  laboratory  purposes.     Our  hand  sample  grinder 
fitted  with  special  jaws  is  the  most  satisfactory  machine  for  preparing 
coal  samples  for  calorimeter  tests. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


174        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

CRUSHERS.     For   laboratory.     Extra   heavy   and   high   grade, 
output  from  £  "to  i",  capacity  100  to  600  Ibs.  per  hour. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

CRUSHING    AND    GRINDING    BALL    MILLS.     Hard    porcelain 
or  gray  earthernware.     For  hand  or  machine  power.     Very  durable 
and  answering  the  same  purpose  as  the  genuine  porcelain   mills, 
but  not  as  expensive. 
— J.  W.  SITTIG,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  AND  GRINDING.     JAR  MILL.     Laboratory.     "  The 
Little  Trojan  "  a  porcelain  jar  mill  for  handling  from  a  few  ounces 
up  to  5  pounds  at  a  charge.     Also  built  with  2,  4,  6  and  12  jars  of 
the  same  size  to  handle  a  number  of  different  products  at  once. 
— ABBE  ENGINEERING  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

CRUSHING  ROLLS.     Extra  heavy,  high  grade  rolls,  have  a  range 
of  output  of  from  fc"  to  60  mesh;  easily  accessible  and  easily  cleaned, 
size  8"  x  5". 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

(Crushing  and  Grinding  machinery  for  large-scale  commerc'al 
work  see  in  the  first  part  of  this  Dictionary  under  Crushing  and 
Grinding.) 

DISTILLING  Apparatus.  See  Still;  also  Distilling  and  Stills  in 
Part  I  of  this  Dictionary. 

DIVIDING  MACHINES    linear  and  circular,  for  commercial  and 
laboratory  purposes.     Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

DRAFT  GAUGE.     Our  draft  gauge  is  designed  for  indicating  very 
light  draft  pressure,  and  is  graduated  to  read  in  millimeters    or   in 
inches  of  water  pressure.     Extensively  used  on  kilns,  flues,  furnaces, 
etc.,  where  it  is  desirable  to  know  the  draft  changes. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

DRAFT  GAUGES.     Recording.     Pressure  and  vacuum  gauges  for 
all  commercial  ranges  or  pressure  and  vacuum.     Full    description 
in  Bulletin  104. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

(See  also  Micro-Manometer.) 

DRAWING  INSTRUMENTS  AND  PAPERS.     All  instruments  for 
the  drawing  room,    drawing  tables,   T  squares,    triangles,   curves. 
Drawing  papers  for  all  purposes,  blue  print  papers,  profile  and  cross 
section  papers. 
— -QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

ELECTRIC  FURNACES.  See  Furnaces,  Electric  in  this  part 
and  also  in  part  I  of  this  Dictionary. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     175 

ELECTRO-ANALYSIS.     Electrolytic   decomposition   and   deposi- 
tion apparatus.     Electrolytic  supports. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

ELECTRO- ANALYSIS.  Rotating  electrode  apparatus,  B.  F. 
Weston's.  For  rapid  determination  of  metals.  Arranged  to  use 
any  style  of  electrodes,  such  as  platinum  dishes,  crucibles,  spirals, 
gauze,  or  the  newer  mercury  cathode  cell.  By  using  a  platinum 
crucible  or  dish,  and  a  piece  of  platinum  foil  or  gauze,  to  be  found  in 
most  laboratories,  the  extra  expense  of  special  electrodes  is  avoided. 
Complete  apparatus  for  electro-analysis,  in  practical  use  for  the  de- 
termination of  antimony,  cadmium,  copper,  iron,  lead,  mercury, 
nickel,  silver,  tin,  and  zinc. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

ELECTRO-QUARTZ.     See  Quartz,  Fused,  Opaque. 

EXTENSOMETER.  Cambridge  Patent.  The  elastic  extension 
of  the  test  piece  is  measured  to  within  1/25000  inch  without  the  use 
of  mirrors  or  microscopes.  Particularly  suitable  for  use  in  a  works 
laboratory.  Quickly  adjusted  and  read.  Apparatus  for  marking 
off  the  test  piece  is  also  supplied. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

EXTENSOMETER  Ewing.  An  instrument  for  the  measurement 
of  small  variations  in  length  in  a  sample  subjected  to  tensile  or 
compressive  stresses.  The  elastic  extension  of  the  test  piece  is 
measured  and  read  by  means  of  a  micrometer  scale  in  the  eye  piece 
of  a  microscope.  By  estimation  of  tenths  of  a  division  on  the 
micrometer  scale  readings  may  be  made  down  to  1/50000  inch.  In 
addition  to  the  usual  form  for  the  measurement  of  elastic  elongation 
under  tension,  a  pattern  is  made  for  measuring  elastic  compression 
of  short  blocks.  Suitable  marking  off  apparatus  is  supplied  for  use 
with  the  above  instrument. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

EXTRACTION  APPARATUS  for  extracting  with  any  solvent. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

FILTER  PAPER.     Baker's  "  ashless  niters,"  made  of  the  finest 
Swedish  hand-made  filter  paper  extracted  with  HC1  and  HF.     Also 
"  washed  filters,"  washed  in  hydrochloric  acid  only. 
— J.  T.  BAKER  CHEUICAL  Co.,  PHILLIPSBURG,  N.  J. 

FILTER  PAPER  and  Filters. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

FILTER   PAPER.     German   and   Swedish   ashless   Filters.     Our 
own  B  brand  is  the  most  efficient  cheap  filter  for  general  use. 
— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


176        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FILTER  PAPER.  We  are  the  sole  agents  for  the  filtering  paper 
manufactured  by  Max  Dreverhoff,  Dresden-N.  It  is  made  through- 
out from  finest,  carefully  selected  stock,  is  strong,  pure,  and  uniform, 
insuring  the  retention  of  the  finest  precipitates  and  uniform  results 
in  filtration.  It  is  made  in  so  many  grades,  that  suitable  paper  for 
any  purpose  can  be  found  among  them. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Loui.:,  Mo. 

FILTER  PAPER.     We  are  the  sole  agents  for  J.  H.  Munktell's 
Swedish  filter  papers  of  highest  quality. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

FILTER  PAPERS.     All  kinds. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FILTER  PAPERS.     Ashless.     Of  superior  quality. 
— THE  BAKER  &  ADAMSON  CHEMICAL  Co.,  EASTON,  PA. 

FILTER  PAPERS.     S.  &  S.  Munchtells,  Dreverhoff,  etc.     We  are 
sole  U.  S.  agents  for  the  filter  papers  of  Schleicher  &  Schnell,  Dueren, 
Germany,  but  also  make  a  cheap,  yet  efficient  E.  &  A.  brand  of 
filter  paper  for  general  use. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

FILTER  PRESSES.     See  Part  I  of  Dictionary. 

FILTERS,  WATER. 

— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

FIRE-CLAY  GOODS.  We  are  the  agents  for  the  fire-clay  goods, 
made  by  The  Morgan  Crucible  Co.  Ltd.  (Battersea  Works),  London, 
such  as  crucibles,  scorifiers,  muffles,  roasting  dishes  and  annealing 
cups.  They  are  made  of  most  refractory  fire-clay  and  answer  all 
purposes  for  which  the  expensive  French  crucibles  are  used.  They 
are  strong  and  rarely  break  in  transportation.  The  Battersea 
crucibles  can  be  employed  for  all  operations  for  which  Hessian 
crucibles  are  used  and  are  incomparably  superior  to  them  in  absorb- 
ing only  one-twelfth  the  weight  of  metal,  in  resisting  the  action  of 
corrosive  fluxes,  in  shape,  in  being  sold  in  single  sizes  instead  of 
nests,  and  in  being  lighter. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

FLASKS.     All   shapes   and   sizes   for   laboratory   work,    of   best 
Bohemian  or  Jena  glass. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

(Other  dealers  see  Glassware,  also  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

FURNACES.     Of  all  kinds  for  chemical  laboratory  and   assay 
work.     Crucibles,  muffles,  etc. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     177 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.     Hibbs  and  other  types  of  our  own  manu- 
facture. 
— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.  Our  combined  crucible  and  muffle  furnace, 
which  can  be  used  for  crucible  fusions  or  muffle  work  at  the  will  of 
the  operator,  is  unexcelled  for  assaying  and  can  be  used  with  any 
kind  or  quality  of  gas.  Temperatures  of  2800°  F.  are  readily  ob- 
tainable. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.     A  great  many  different  types,  E.  &  A's., 
Fletcher's,  Braun,  Case,  etc.,  for  coal,  gas  (blast  or  draft),  gasoline 
(blast),  kerosene  (blast). 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.  Electrically  operated;  temperatures  above 
3000°  F.  obtained  readily,  if  wanted.  For  crucible  melting,  cupelling 
and  general  assay  work  the  electrical  control  of  these  furnaces 
makes  them  unexcelled  in  connection  with  mining  laboratory  work. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.     Brown's  and  other  types. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.     All  kinds  of  furnaces  for  assaying  and  gen- 
eral laboratory  work. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FURNACES,  ASSAY.  Other  dealers  see  under  Laboratory  Sup- 
plies. 

FURNACES,    BLOWPIPE.     Miniature  furnaces  of  fire  clay  for  • 
small  tests,  supported  over  a  high-power  blast  bunsen  burner  by 
means  of  an  adjustable  support.     Catalog  B. 
—BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

FURNACES,    BLOWPIPE.     Operated    by    gasoline.     In    muffle, 
crucible  and  combination  designs.     "  Hoskins  "  blowpipes  were  the 
pioneer  applications  of  gasoline  under  pressure.     Their  successful 
use  covers  a  period  of  30  years. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

FURNACES,  COMBUSTION   Assayers,  etc. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

FURNACES,  COMBUSTION.  Operated  by  air  blast  or  direct 
draft,  for  use  with  coal  gas,  natural  gas  or  gasoline  gas.  Will 
accommodate  combustion  tubes  up  to  1  inch  diameter.  Burner  has  a 
series  of  shut-offs  by  means  of  which  the  flame  can  be  adjusted  to  any 
section  of  the  tube  desired. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


178        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

FURNACES,  COMBUSTION.     Bunsen's,  Fuchs',  Glaser's,  Liebig's 
and  others.     Sectional  electric  combustion  furnace  for  progressive 
heating  from  rear  to  front  end. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

FURNACE,  COMBUSTION.  Electrically  operated;  especially 
designed  for  laboratory  determinations  of  carbon  in  steel,  ferro-alloys 
and  graphite — by  the  "  Direct  Combustion  Method  ".  Their  use 
will  effect  a  complete  combustion  in  25  minutes.  Clean,  simple, 
operates  directly  on  standard  electric  lighting  circuits. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 

FURNACES,  COMBUSTION.    Bunsen's,  Glaser's  and  other  types. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

FURNACES,  CRUCIBLES.     Operated  by  air  blast  or  direct  draft, 
for  use  with  coal  gas,  natural  gas,  gasoline  gas  or  kerosene  oil.     Cata- 
log B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

FURNACE,  ELECTRIC.  Quartz-lined,  which  permits  to  heat  it 
up  quickly  without  danger  of  cracking  its  interior.  For  hardening 
small  tools,  determining  the  recalescent  points  of  steel,  and  general 
laboratory  work.  Used  in  connection  with  the  Bristol  recording 
pyrometer. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC.  For  chemical  work  in  the  laboratory, 
A  complete  line  of  all  types.  E.  &  A.  sectional  crucible,  muffle  and 
combustion  furnace.  Borchers  universal  resistance  and  arc  furnace. 
Various  sizes  of  electric  furnaces  of  the  Moissan  type.  Roe  sler's 
electric  melting  furnace  for  continuous  work.  Hertzfeld  s  electric 
muffle  furnace.  Hoskins  electric  muffle  furnaces.  Electric  drying 
ovens  of  various  sizes  and  constructions. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

FURNACE,  ELECTRIC.     Heraeus.     Indispensable  for  exact  heat 
determinations  in  laboratories.     Write  for  pamphlet. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC.  Hoskins  electric  furnaces  are  made  in 
three  types,  FA,  FB,  FC — all  of  these  being  manufactured  in  crucible, 
muffle  and  tube  chambers  of  various  sizes.  They  are  adaptable  to  a 
wide  range  of  commercial  and  experimental  uses.  Type  FA  fur- 
naces are  wire-wound  for  standard  voltages,  either  alternating- 
current  or  direct-current  circuits,  and  produce  temperatures  as 
high  as  1000°  C.  or  1832°  F.  Type  FB  furnaces  are  made  of  heavy 
wire  for  low-voltage,  alternating-current  circuits  only,  and  produce 
temperatures  as  high  as  1100°  C.  or  2012°  F.  Type  FC  furnaces 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     179 

are  of  the  carbon  resistor  type  for  alternating-current  circuits  only, 
capable  of  developing  temperature  up  to  2000°  C.  or  3600°  F.  These 
furnaces,  due  to  their  electrical  operation,  produce  heat  entirely 
free  from  products  of  combustion,  and  develop  absolutely  uniformly- 
distributed  temperature  which  can  be  exactly  controlled. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC.  Small  electric  furnaces  for  high-tem- 
perature reactions  are  most  satisfactorily  made  using  pure  graphite 
for  electrodes,  containers  and  resistor.  Ease  of  machining  and 
joining  affords  economy  in  producing  any  desired  shape,  or  style  of 
connection.  Tubes,  crucibles,  rods,  blocks  and  plates  99%  graphite 
can  be  had,  assuring  no  contamination  of  the  charge.  Granular 
graphite  resistor  affords  reasonably  uniform  resistance  and  heating, 
with  freedom  from  volatile  matter. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHRSON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

FURNACE,  ELECTRIC.  For  moderate  temperatures  as  50°  to 
300°  C.  The  international  Instrument  Company's  oven's  regular 
size  is  12*  x  12"  x  12*  with  one  middle  shelf;  copper  linefl,  for  tem- 
peratures up  to  130  degrees  C.  Wood  cabinets  with  heavy  interior 
insulation,  ventilating  air  space,  metal  lining,  tubules  for  thermome- 
ters, mercury  thermo-regulator,  and  ventilation,  outside  regulating 
resistance  and  relay  control,  operating  on  110-volt  a.c.  or  d.c. 
— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

FURNACES,    ELECTRIC.     Hoskins    combination    crucible    and 
muffle  type.     Also  a  full  line  of  electric  ovens  of  stamped  steel  on 
cast  iron  frames,  ranging  in  sizes  from  12  in.  square  to  13  x  15  x  18  in. 
operated  with  either  alternating  or  direct  current. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

FURNACES,  ELECTRIC.     For  use  in  the  laboratory. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

FURNACES,    ELECTRIC.     For   laboratories.     Dealers    in    most 
approved  types  of  electric  laboratory  furnaces,  both  of  domestic  and 
foreign  manufacture,  at  manufacturer  s  prices. 
—ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

(For  large  electrical  furnaces  see  Part  I  of  this  Dictionary.) 

FURNACES,  GASOLINE.  Hoskins  gasoline  furnaces  are  made  in 
crucible,  muffle,  and  combination  crucible  and  muffle  types  of 
various  sizes,  applicable  to  a  variety  of  chemical  and  assay  work. 
Among  other  types,  a  compact  portable  outfit  is  made.  Several 
sizes  of  gasoline  blow-pipes  are  manufactured  to  operate  in  connec- 
tion with  these.  The  standard  of  30  years. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

GALVANOMETERS.     Dead-beat   and   ballistic    'D Arson val   gal- 
vanometers.    Any    desired    resistance.     Sensitiveness    0.1    micro- 


180        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

coulomb  gives  a  deflection  of  35  mm.  at  a  meter  distance.     Period 

about  12  seconds. 

— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

GALVANOMETERS,  D'ARSONVAL.  This  type  of  galvanometer 
consists  of  a  coil  of  wire  freely  suspended  between  the  poles  of  a 
permanent  magnet.  This  type  is  most  generally  used  in  present 
day  practice  because  of  its  freedom  from  interference  by  exterior 
magnetic  fields.  The  sensibility  of  the  galvanometer  is  defined  in 
one  of  three  ways: — (1)  in  megohms,  the  sensibility  being  the 
number  of  megohms  through  which  one  volt  will  produce  a  de- 
flection of  1  mm.  with  the  scale  at  1  meter  difference.  (2)  In  micro- 
volts, the  sensibility  being  the  number  of  micro-volts  which  applied 
directly  to  the  terminals  of  the  galvanometer  will  produce  a  de- 
flection of  1  mm.  on  a  scale  1  meter  from  the  mirror.  (3)  In  current, 
the  sensibility  being  the  fraction  of  an  ampere  that  will  give  1  mm. 
deflection  at  1  meter. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

GALVANOMETER.  PORTABLE  D'ARSONVAL.  Made  in  two 
types  (1)  The  pointer  type  resembles  a  small  portable  voltmeter. 
Its  sensibility  is  such  that  the  current  from  one  volt  through  a  re- 
sistance of  500,000  ohms  will  cause  the  pointer  to  move  one  mm.  over 
the  seals.  Its  over-all  dimensions  are  5i"  x  2|"  x  4£".  It  is  amply 
sensitive  for  checking  ammeters  and  voltmeters  to  an  accuracy  of 
1/5%  by  the  potentiometer  method,  and  for  almost  all  Wheatstone 
Bridge  measurements  to  commercial  accuracies.  It  requires  no 
levelling  whatever.  It  has  a  suspended  system  so  protected  that 
breakage  due  to  dropping,  etc.,  is  almost  impossible.  (2)  The  port- 
able telescope  galvanometer  requires  no  levelling,  is  completely 
portable,  and  will  stand  as  much  rough  usage  as  an  ordinary  volt- 
meter. It  has  a  scale  of  400  divisions  which  when  viewed  through  a 
reading  telescope  appears  as  though  it  were  400  mm.  long.  Com- 
plete with  the  reading  telescope,  it  occupies  but  slightly  more  space 
than  does  an  ordinary  voltmeter.  The  current  from  one  volt  through 
seven  megohms  will  cause  a  deflection  of  one  scale  division.  It 
requires  no  light  other  than  ordinary  daylight. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

GALVANOMETERS,  REFLECTING.  Leeds  and  Northrup.  In- 
tended for  use  with  telescope  and  scale,  or  with  lamp  and  scale. 
The  moving  systems  are  at  all  times  visible,  and  all  parts  are  inter- 
changeable. The  deflections  are  approximately  proportional  to  the 
current,  or  for  ballistic  measurements  to  the  quantities  of  electricity 
discharged.  The  systems  do  not  oscillate  but  deflect  quickly  and 
come  promptly  to  rest  either  deflected  or  at  zero.  New  suspensions 
can  be  easily  replaced  by  the  user.  No  delicate  adjustments  are  re- 
quired to  get  the  coil  to  swing  free.  They  are  supplied  with  the  fol- 
lowing typical  sensibilities: — 

Type  HS.     Resistance  1600  ohms,  sensibility  1000  megohms. 

.Resistance  30  ohms,  sensibility  .15  micro- volts 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies     181 

Type    H.     Resistance    460   ohms,    sensibility    300   megohms   or 
3i  x  10-9  amp. 

Resistance  2000  ohms,  sensibility  1000  megohms   or  10"9  ampere. 

Resistance  30  ohms,  sensibility  .2  micro-volt,  or  7  x  10~9  ampere. 

Type  P.     Resistance  100  ohms,  sensibility  80  megohms. 

Ballistic  Type.     Resistance  2000  ohms,  sensibility  .0045  micro- 
coulomb.     Steady    current    sensibility    600    megohms.      Time    of 
ballistic  throw  from  zero  to  end  of  deflection  5  seconds. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

GALVANOMETERS,  Quesn.  Designed  to  meet  ths  varying 
requirements  of  galvanometer  practice.  The  D'Arsonval  type 
is  now  universally  used.  These  instruments  can  be  furnished  with 
high,  medium,  and  low  resistance  coils.  The  systems  are  made  for 
pivots  and  jewels  or  for  suspensions  with  mirror  and  telescope 
and  scale. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

GALVANOMETERS,  WESTON.     See  Instruments,  Weston  Stan- 
dard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.J. 

GAS  ANALYSIS.  Barnhart's  apparatus  for  the  analysis  of  blast 
furnace,  producer,  flue,  illuminating  and  fuel  gases.  The  time  re- 
quired for  a  complete  analysis  of  coal  or  producer  gas  with  this 
apparatus  is  about  20  minutes.  Also  Hempel's  apparatus  for  gas 
analysis,  as  described  in  his  work  "  Methods  of  Gas  Analysis." 
Orsatt  Apparatus,  the  most  popular  for  flue  and  furnace  gas  analysis.. 
Drehschmidt's  apparatus  for  determining  sulphur  in  coal  gas. 
Ruedorff's  CO2  apparatus.  Reich's  apparatus  for  determining  SO2 
in  lead  chambers.  Petterson  &  Palmquist's  CO2  apparatus  and  im- 
proved portable  form  designed  by  Dr.  Rogers  for  exact  determination 
of  CO2  in  air.  Apparatus  according  to  Bunsen's  gasometric  meth- 
ods. Apparatus  of  Elliott,  Orsatt,  Tuttle,  Winkler,  etc. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

GAS  ANALYSIS  APPARATUS.     This  firm  carries  in  stock  Orsat 
&  Hempel's  apparatus  of  the  most  improved  forms,  and  also  makes 
up  to  order  such  apparatus  according  to  special  designs. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

GAS  ANALYSIS  APPARATUS.     A  complete  stock  of  all  the  im- 
proved apparatus  for  the  analysis  of  all  kinds  of  gases. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Apparatus.) 

GAS  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

GAS  BURETTE.     We  are  the  makers  of  Morehead's  gas  burette. 
While  sacrificing  none  of  the  accuracy  of  the  Hempel,  Orsat,  or 


182        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Mclntosh-Elliott  burettes,  it  greatly  decreases  the  time  necessary 
for  an  analysis.     We  also  handle  other  gas  analytic  apparatus. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

GAS  FILTER  and  dust  determinator,  with  electric  heater.     De- 
signed by  Mr.  William  Brady  of  Illinois  Steel  Co.,  for  the  analysis  of 
blast  furnace  gases  to  be  used  in  gas  engines. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

GAS  GENERATORS.     For  laboratories.     All  kinds. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

GAS  LEAK  INDICATOR.  When  the  indicator  is  brought  into 
an  atmosphere  charged  with  gas,  the  gas  diffuses  through  the  porous 
tile  into  the  closed  chamber  with  greater  rapidity  than  the  enclosed 
air  passes  out,  thus  causing  a  pressure  upon  the  elastic  surface. 
The  maximum  effect  of  the  gas  is  attained  in  two  or  three  minutes, 
when  the  index  hand  ceases  to  move.  The  graduations  on  the  dial 
denote  the  percentage  of  gas  and  the  index  shows  the  amount 
present. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENTS  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

GASOLINE  FURNACES.     See  Furnaces,  Gasoline. 

GASOLINE  GAS  MACHINES.     The  Esa  generator  for  supplying 
up  to  10  burners  or  2  blast  lamps,  and  machines  for  larger  require- 
ments. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

GLASS  TUBING  AND  CONNECTIONS.     Various  shapes  of  glass 
tubing  such  as  L's,   T's,   adopters,   etc.,   for   pipe  connections  in 
chemical  works. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

GLASSWARE.  Graduated,  Bausch  &  Lomb.  In  addition  to  our 
regular  graduated  glassware,  we  supply  a  full  line  of  graduated 
pieces,  each  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of  accuracy  showing 
errors,  if  any,  existing.  Our  glassware  is  made  at  our  own  factory 
in  Germany,  which  is  equipped  with  the  most  modern  apparatus  for 
the  production  of  high-grade  graduated  glassware  with  clear,  uni- 
formly accurate  graduations.  Our  precision  glassware  is  made  to 
conform  to  the  requirements  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Standards. 
This  glassware  is  supplied  with  or  without  certificate  of  the  Bureau 
of  Standards  as  may  be  desired.  Glassware  bearing  the  stamp  of 
the  German  Imperial  Commission  imported  to  order. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     183 

GLASSWARE.     Best   quality   of   beakers   and    flasks   from    the 
factory  of  Joseph  Kavalier,  meeting  the  requirements  of  up-to-date 
laboratories.     Our  German  graduated  glassware  is  unexcelled  for 
accuracy  and  uniformity. 
— J.  AND  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

GLASSWARE.  Our  Jena  normal  glassware  and  Josef  Kavalier  s 
Bohemian  glassware  meet  the  requirements  of  the  Bureau  of  Stand- 
ards. We  also  stock  a  cheaper  grade  of  Bohemian  glassware. 
Also  resistance  glass  of  Greiner  &  Friedrichs.  We  have  an  up-to- 
date  and  fully  equipped  glass  blowing  establishment  on  the  premises 
and  are  prepared  to  furnish  any  special  apparatus,  no  matter  how 
complicated,  on  short  notice. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

GLASSWARE,  BOHEMIAN  NORMAL  Henry  Heil  Chemical  Co's. 
The  glassware  marketed  under  this  name  bears  a  distinctive  label 
and  is  made  of  a  special  composition  of  Bohemian  glass,  which  has  a 
higher  resistance  to  changes  in  temperature  and  the  corrosive 
action  of  chemical  compounds  than  any  other  known  glass.  It  is 
perfect  in  shape,  uniform  in  thickness,  and  annealed  with  the 
greatest  care.  Also  Jena  normal  glassware  and  genuine  porcelain 
ware. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

GLASSWARE.     Such  as  beakers,  flasks,  etc.,  from  the  best  fac- 
tories in  Bohemia  and  Germany. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.     See  also  Quartz,  Fused.) 

GROUND   DETECTORS,    WESTON.     See  Instruments,   Weston. 
Standard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.  J. 

HEATER,  WATER.     By  a  specially  constructed  tap,  the  gas  and 
water  are  turned  on  simultaneously  and  hot  water   produced  in- 
stantly.    The  speed  at  which  the  water  runs  rules  its  temperature. 
Capacities  one  pint  to  one  quart  per  minute.     Catalog  B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

HEATING  APPARATUS,  ELECTRIC.     For  distilling  inflammable* 
without   danger.     Electric   coil   heaters   for   immersion   in   water, 
paraffin,  tuluol,  etc.,  for  one  or  three  heats. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

(Other  dealers  in  heating  apparatus  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

HEATING   APPARATUS,    ELECTRIC.     Laboratory  devices  for 
the  development  of  heat  by  means  of  electrical  resistance.     No 


184        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

combustion  whatever  in  the  operation  of  these  appliances.     Tem- 
perature may  be  accurately  and  simply  controlled. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

HOT  PLATES.     For  two,  three,  and  five  burners;  equipped  with 
wheel  valves  which  adapt  them  to  burn  any  kind  or  quality  of  gas. 
Catalog  B. 
— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

HOT  PLATES    electric.     Circular  and  square,  of  various  sizes. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

HOT  PLATES.  Electrically  operated;  built  in  four  standard 
designs;  two  circular,  one  square — "  centrally  heated,"  one  18  in. 
x  12  in. — with  three  heat  control.  Produce  temperatures  as  high 
as  483°  C.  (900°  F.)  Operate  directly  on  standard  electric  power 
circuits  of  either  direct  or  alternating  current.  The  cleanest  Hot- 
Plates  made. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

HOT  PLATES.     Electric.     Rectangular  with  one  or  three  heating 
units.     Circular  hot  plates  for  heating  flasks,   provided  with  ring 
top  of  copper  and  controlling  switch,  giving  three  heat  ranges.     Also 
a  one-heat  type.     For  alternating  or  direct  current. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

HYDROGEN.     Producing  of.     See  Part  I  of  Dictionary. 

HYDROMETERS  for  all  purposes. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

HYDROMETERS  for  acids,   oils,   bark,   alcohol,   sugar,   etc.,   of 
various  ranges.     E.   &   A.   patented  hydrometer  for  both   liquids 
and  solids  in  small  and  large  bulk. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

HYDROMETERS.     All  scales  and  ranges  for  different  liquids. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
(Othsr  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

HYDROMETERS.     Manufacture   of   hydrometers   in   shop.     All 
instruments  guaranteed. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

HYDROMETERS     for    all  purposes,  made  in  various  grades  for 
ordinary  commercial  work   up   to   the  highest   type   of  standard 
instruments. 
—TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     185 

HYGROMETERS.     All    forms    of    hygrometers,    especially    the 
hygrodeik,  which  is  a  hygrometer  complete  in  itself — not  requiring 
the  use  of  tables  for  determining  the  humidity. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

INSTRUMENTS.     A    complete    line    of    recording    instruments; 
ammeters,     voltmeters,     wattmeters,     thermometers,     pyrometers, 
pressure  gauges,  etc. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

INSTRUMENTS.     All  kinds  of  instruments  for  use  in  laboratories. 
Electrical  laboratory  instruments  of  Hartmann  &  Baum. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

INSTRUMENTS  of  precision.  Measuring  instruments.  Optical 
instruments.  Measuring  microscopes.  Micrometers.  Level  test- 
ers. Reckoning  machines,  Cathetometers.  Comparators  for  meas- 
uring spectra  photographs,  scabs,  etc.  Dividing  machines. 
Physical  demonstration  apparatus.  Spectrometers.  Chronographs. 
Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

INSTRUMENTS.     Complete  stock  of  all  instruments  for  scientific 
and  commercial  laboratories. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co  ,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

INSTRUMENTS. 

— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

INSTRUMENTS.  Engineering  and  drawing  instruments  including 
a  complete  line  of  transits  and  levels,  recognized  standards;  physical, 
and  chemical  apparatus  for  demonstration  and  laboratory  work, 
assay  apparatus,  meteorological  instruments,  as  used  by  the  U.  S. 
Weather  Bureau,  barometers,  hydrometers,  thermometers,  pyrom- 
eters, and  instruments  for  measuring  temperature.  Electrical  test- 
ing instruments  for  commercial  and  laboratory  work,  including 
portable  testing  sets,  galvanometers,  resistance  measuring  instru- 
ments, potentiometers,  and  Kohlbrausch  bridges,  X-ray  apparatus, 
and  accessories. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

INSTRUMENTS.     Electrical   measuring   and   controlling   instru- 
ments for  laboratory  and  commercial  uses. 
— SIEMENS  AND  HALSKE  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

INSTRUMENTS.     Westinghouse     Electrical     Voltmeters,      am- 
meters, wattmeters,  milliammeter,  power-factor  meters,  frequency 
meters,  portable  series  and  voltage  transformers. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA.  . 


186         Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

INSTRUMENTS.     Westinghouse  Portable  and   Precison  Instru- 
ments.    Precision    ammeters,    voltmeters,    wattmeters,    resistance 
boxes,  portable  standard  ammeters,  voltmeters,  wattmeters,  power 
factor  meters,  frequency  meters,  series  and  voltage  transformers. 
— WESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  &  MFG.  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

INSTRUMENTS,  WESTON  STANDARD  ELECTRICAL.  Direct- 
reading  voltmeters,  millivoltmeters,  voltammeters,  ammeters,  milli- 
ammeters,  ground  detectors,  galvanometers,  ohmmeters,  and  circuit 
testers,  for  portable,  station,  and  laboratory  use.  The  moving  ele- 
ment in  the  instruments  is  a  light  coil  of  wire  on  which  is  mounted  an 
index  or  pointer,  and  through  which  a  certain  proportion  of  the 
current  passes,  causing  deflection  of  the  coil  in  the  magnetic  field 
by  which  it  is  encompassed.  For  the  direct-current  instruments, 
a  permanent  steel  magnet  produces  the  magnetic  field,  being  so  de- 
signed as  to  make  the  field  uniform.  In  the  alternating-current 
instruments  the  field  is  produced  by  a  second  coil,  which  acts  in  con- 
junction with  the  moving  element,  the  operation  being  based  on  the 
dynamometer  principle.  The  Weston  Company  also  manufacture 
instruments  for  alternating  current  service  and  instruments  desig- 
nated "  Eclipse  "  models  for  direct  current  service,  both  being  of  the 
soft  iron  type.  Notable  characteristics  of  Weston  instruments  are 
their  accuracy  and  economy  of  current  consumption,  combined  with 
excellent  mechanical  and  electrical  workmanship  and  design. 
— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.  J. 

INSTRUMENTS.     Various  instruments  for  laboratory  and  com- 
mercial uses. 

— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 
— LEEDS  AND  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— C.  B.  THWING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

INTERFEROMETERS  and  accessories.     Catalog  1. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

JAR  MILL   Laboratory.     See  Crushing  and  Grinding. 
KELVIN  BRIDGE.     See  Bridge. 
KOHLRAUSH  BRIDGE.     See  Bridge. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     187 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.     Chemicals  and  chemical  apparatus. 
Standard   c.p.    chemicals,    imported    direct.     Complete   laboratory 
equipments  and  supplies. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

LABORATORY    SUPPLIES.     Everything   for    the   chemist    and 
assayer.     Chemical   apparatus    and    c.p.    chemicals    and    standard 
reagents,  furnaces,  muffles,  crucibles,  etc. 
— J.  &  H.  BERGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.  High-grade  chemical  and  assay 
apparatus,  chemicals,  etc.,  etc.  Manufacturers  and  direct  im- 
porters. An  emormous  and  most  complete  stock  of  anything  that 
is  needed  in  the  laboratory.  Any  article  listed  in  our  440  pages 
catalog  on  Chemical  Apparatus  is  kept  in  stock.  Established  1851. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.  Apparatus,  Instruments,  and  Ap- 
pliances. We  manufacture  a  complete  line  of  universal  laboratory 
upports  and  appliances;  the  parts  of  the  system  of  our  supports  are 
nterchangeable,  and  are  capable  of  being  used  in  many  different 
ways,  the  various  combinations  often  serving  the  purpose  of  ex- 
pensive pieces  of  apparatus;  see  our  illustrated  catalog  S-T.  We 
specialize  on  high-grade  physical  apparatus  covering  almost  every 
requirement  and  have  special  facilities  and  a  large  well-equipped 
shop  for  the  construction  of  apparatus  for  research  work.  Catalog  A 
on  astronomical  instruments.  Catalog  D  on  physical  demonstra- 
tion apparatus.  Catalog  E  on  electrical  apparatus.  Catalog  H 
on  high-school  laboratory  apparatus.  Catalog  I  on  interferometers 
and  accessories.  Catalog  M-L  on  instruments  of  precision,  labora- 
tory apparatus. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.     A  full  line  of  everything  needed  for 
the  laboratory.     A  specialty  the  improvement  on  oMer  forms  of 
apparatus. 
—THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.     Laboratory  and   assay  apparatus, 
chemicals     and     reagents.     Mill     chemicals.     Merck's     chemicals, 
Schuchardt's  chemicals,  J.  T.  Baker  Chemical  Go's,  analyzed  chemi- 
cals.    Write  for  our  catalogues  covering  over  600  pages. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.     Chemicals  and  chemical  apparatus. 
All  kinds  of  apparatus,  made  for  use  in  chemical  laboratories,  glass, 
wood,  hardware,  etc. 
—QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.  Chemicals  and  laboratory  and 
assayers'  supplies.  Importers  and  dealers  in  chemical  glass  and 


188        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

porcelain  ware  and  chemicals,  manufacturers  of  chemists'  hardware 
(clamps,  supports,  burners,  etc.),  and  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  chemicals 
and  apparatus  for  analytical  chemists.     Established  1852. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.  This  we  make  our  sole  business  and 
carry  in  stock  all  the  apparatus  and  chemicals  necessary  for  the 
entire  equipment  of  any  chemical  or  bacteriological  laboratory. 
The  largest  and  most  complete  catalog  ever  published  (over  540 
pages  and  describing  over  3,000  different  apparatus)  will  be  furnished 
on  request.  A  complete  stock  of  high-purity  chemicals. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES.  Chemicals.  A  full  assortment  of 
chemicals  for  analytic  work  from  most  reliable  makers  in  Europe 
and  America.  All  of  Baker's  analyzed  chemicals,  factory  packing 
in  special  packages  for  our  trade.  A  complete  stock  of  apparatus 
equipment  for  both  chemical  and  biological  laboratories.  440- 
page  illustrated  catalog  on  request. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

LABORATORY  SUPPLIES. 

— BUFFALO  DENTAL  MFG.  Co.,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 
— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 
— LEEDS  AND  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

— P.  J.  STOKES  MACHINE  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

LAMP  AND  SCALE  for  galvanometer  reading  with  transparent 
celluloid  scale  engine  divided.     Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

LAMP  AND  SCALE.  For  use  with  reflecting  galvanometers. 
The  image  of  a  brilliantly  illuminated  lens  is  reflected  by  the  mirror 
of  the  galvanometer  on  to  an  accuratsly  divided  scale.  In  the 
Taylor-Cambridge  lamp  and  scale,  the  scale  is  transparent  and  can 
therefore  be  read  from  either  side;  the  lamp  contains  a  Nernst  fila- 
ment and  gives  an  image  bright  enough  for  reading  in  ordinary 
daylight.  Both  lamp  and  scale  are  adjustable  and  are  mounted 
upon  a  stand  which  may  be  portable  or  fixed. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

LAMPS,  QUARTZ.     Heraeus  patented  fused-quartz-glass  lamps, 
with  mercury,   cadmium  or  zinc,   for  commercial,   scientific,   and 
medicinal  purposes.     Write  for  pamphlet. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK. 

LEAD  BURNERS.     See  Blowpipes;  also  Part  I  of  Dictionary. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     189 

MAGNESIA,  ELECTRO.  Supplied  in  powder  or  granular  form 
or  as  articles  molded  from  it,  such  as  tubes,  crucibles,  pyrometers, 
basins,  pipes,  muffles,  plates  and  triangles.  Highly  infusible. 
Stands  a  temperature  of  1900°  C.  Especially  valuable  for  heating 
and  melting  alkaline  substances. 
— NATIONAL  CARBON  Co.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 

MEASURING  MACHINES  (microscopes).     For  all  possible  pur- 
poses of  the  highest  degree  of  precision.     Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

METEOROLOGICAL  INSTRUMENTS.  To  meet  all  the  require- 
ments of  the  mining  engineer.  Aneroid  barometers  of  extreme 
sensitiveness  for  quickly  ascertaining  slight  variations  in  grades, 
capable  of  registering  from  2000  below  sea  level  to  4000  ft.  above. 
Anemometers  for  ascertaining  the  velocity  of  air  currents  in  mines. 
The  volume  of  air  passing  a  given  point  per  minute  is  easily  found 
by  multiplying  the  velocity  by  the  area  of  the  passage.  Tempera- 
ture indicating  and  registsring  devices. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

METERS,  QUEEN.  These  instruments  are  of  the  D'Arsonval 
permanent-magnet  type  moving-coil  system,  the  action  being  per- 
fectly dead-beat  and  the  scale  divisions  accurately  placed.  Suitable 
only  for  use  on  direct-current  circuits,  and  made  in  all  ranges  from 
a  total  of  100  millivolts  up  to  the  highest  possible  current  and 
voltage  readings  that  ever  might  be  desired  on  this  type  of  indicator. 
Several  features  render  the  meter  especially  valuable  in  regard  to 
appearance,  durability  and  permanency.  Accuracy  in  the  portable 
type  1/5  of  1%;  switch  type  £  of  1%.  We  also  make  portable  and 
switchboard-type  instruments  for  alternating-current  circuits, 
dynamometers,  galvanometers  and  other  current  measuring  instru- 
ments. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MICRO-MANOMETER.  An  instrument  for  measuring  extremely 
small  differences  of  fluid  pressure;  used  in.,  the  estimation  of  flow 
of  gases  in  pipes.  The  Taylor-Cambridge  micromanometer  is  made 
according  to  an  original  design  by  R.  Trelfall.  Measures  small 
differences  of  fluid  pressure  up  to  a  maximum  of  100  millimeters 
water  pressure.  Particularly  useful  with  Pitot  tubs  and  side 
gauge  for  estimating  the  velocity  of  flow  of  gases  in  pipes.  The 
measurement  is  made  by  a  micrometer  screw  with  an  accurately 
divided  head.  The  position  of  contact  between  the  point  of  the 
micrometer  screw  and  the  liquid  in  the  gauge  is  seen  by  the  springing 
tip  of  the  liquid  round  the  point  due  to  surface  tension.  The  read- 
ings can  be  made  down  to  100th  millimeter. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

MICROSCOPES.     For  many  years  we  have  bent  our  efforts  to 
designing  and  making  new  types  of  microscopes  of  increasing  effi- 


190        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

ciency,  in  a  wide  variety  and  at  reasonable  prices.  Two  factors  of 
great  significance  have  recently  contributed  to  the  still  greater 
perfection  of  our  instruments.  Firstly,  we  have  developed  the  scien- 
tific computation  and  construction  of  microscope  objectives  to  a 
high  state  of  efficiency;  our  present  optical  systems  for  the  micro- 
scope were  designed  and  executed  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Her- 
mann Kellner  and  embody  novel  features  hitherto  unattained. 
Secondly,  we  refer  to  our  recent  alliance  with  the  Carl  Zeiss  Optical 
Works  of  Jena.  All  our  microscopes  are  made  from  raw  materials 
within  our  own  manufactory  and  we  control  every  operation  from 
the  making  of  castings  to  the  shipping  of  our  products.  Our 
microtomes  and  projection  apparatus  have  recently  been  remodeled 
and  improved.  For  descriptions  of  our  microscopes  see  our  catalog 
on  Microscopes  and  Accessories.  We  also  make  the  Bausch  &  Lomb 
Chamot  chemical  microscope,  designed  for  chemical  investigations 
of  all  kinds  after  specifications  of  Professor  Chamot. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

MICROSCOPES  of  the  best  makers,  including  those  of  Carl  Zeiss 
and  the  Spencer  Lens  Co. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

MICROSCOPES.     Complete  line  of  some  of  the  best  European 
makes.     Carried  in  stock. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

MICROSCOPES.     The  eight  grades  of  Queen  compound  micro- 
scopes cover  the  entire  field  of  microscopy.     Complete  outfits  for 
petrographical,  crystallographical,   and  metallurgical  work. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MICROSCOPES.     The  Sauveur  metallurgical  microscope.     Com- 
plete microscopic  outfits,  including  all  needed  accessories,  specially 
constructed  for  the  examination  of  metals  and  alloys. 
— SAUVEUR  AND  BOYLSTON,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

MICROSCOPES.     A  full  line  of  various  makes. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

MICROSCOPES.     Complete  line  of  Bausch  &  Lomb  microscopes 
carried  in  stock  for  immediate  delivery  at  factory  prices.     Also 
microscopes  and  optical  measuring  instruments  of  Carl  Zeiss. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

MILK  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

MILLI-AMMETERS.     WESTON  STANDARD.     See  Instruments, 
Westons  Standard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.J. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     191 

MILLIVOLTMETERS,  WESTON  STANDARD.  See  Instruments, 
Weston  Standard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.  J. 

MUFFLE  FURNACES.  See  Furnaces,  also  Laboratory  Supplies; 
also  Part  I  of  this  Dictionary  under  Furnaces  Muffle. 

NEPHELOMETER,  RICHARDS. 

— INTERNATIONAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

OHMMETERS,   WESTON.     See  Instruments,  Weston  Standard. 
— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.  J. 

OIL  TESTING  Apparatus. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

OIL  TESTING.  Apparatus.  All  the  necessary  apparatus  for  the 
determination  of  gravity,  viscosity,  flash  point  and  chemical  com- 
position of  oils. 

— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

OIL  TESTING  APPARATUS.     A  new  form  of  flash  point  tester 
and  viscosimeter. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

OPTICAL    PARTS.     Lens,    prisms,    plane    parallel    plates,    and 
mirrors  of  any  description.     Preparations  of  quartz  and   iceland 
spar,  absorption  cells,  etc.     Special  catalog  issued. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

OVENS,  ELECTRIC.  The  term  applies  to  hot  air  chambers  for 
drying  or  for  baking  (or  for  constant-temperature  chemical  reactions) 
at  moderate  temperatures  say  50°  C.  to  300°  C.  See  Furnaces, 
Electric. 

OXYGEN.     Production  of.     See  Part  I  of  Dictionary. 

OZONE  APPARATUS.     See  Ozonizer  in  Part  I  of  this  Dictionary. 

PHOTOMICROGRAPHS  APPARATUS.  For  makers  see  Micro- 
scopes. 

PLATINUM    WARE    of    all    kinds.     Platinum   crucibles,    dishes 
electrodes;   triangles,  cones,   gauze,   tongs,   sheet  and  wire  for  all 
purposes. 
— AMERICAN  PLATINUM  WORKS,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


192        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

PLATINUM  for  all  purposes.     Hammered  to  shape,  tested  and 
strictly  guaranteed.     An  American  product,  manufactured  by  skilled 
workmen.     Special  apparatus  of  any  size  or  shape  made  from  draw- 
ings.    Scrap  purchased. 
—BAKER  &  Co.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

PLATINUM  ware.     Made  of  pure  platinum,  hammered  into  the 
various  forms.     Sold  according  to  weight. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PLATINUM.  Crucibles,  dishes,  electrodes  either  stationary  or 
rotating,  either  in  stock  forms,  as  illustrated  in  our  catalogue,  or 
made  in  accordance  with  drawings  or  models  that  may  be  submitted. 
C.  P.  Platinum  and  platinum-rhodium  for  thermo-couples;  also 
platinum  -indium  alloy  in  any  desired  form  for  the  analyst,  electro- 
chemist,  or  metallurgist. 
— J.  BISHOP  &  Co.  PLATINUM  WORKS,  MALVERN,  PA. 

PLATINUM  ware.  Crucibles,  dishes,  triangles,  wire,  foil,  etc 
Chemically  pure  platinum,  containing  no  iridium  or  other  metals. 
Hammered  ware  of  Dementis  &  Go's,  make  (imported.)  Largest 
stock  of  ready-made  ware;  vessels  of  special  size  or  shape  made  to 
order  at  short  notice.  Wire,  foil,  or  vessels  of  platinum-indium 
alloy  to  order. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

PLATINUM  apparatus,  hammered. 
— CHAS.  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK. 

PLATINUM.     Hammered   platinum  ware  and   apparatus  of  all 
kinds  for  laboratory  use. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

PLATINUM.  Pure  or  alloyed,  in  sheet  or  wire,  any  size,  shape  or 
degree  of  hardness,  for  all  purposes.  Platinum-ware  dishes,  cruci- 
bles, etc.,  for  any  and  all  purposes  required  by  chemists,  druggists, 
chemical  supply  houses,  colleges,  physicists,  students,  experimenters 
and  manufacturers.  All  of  our  platinum-ware  is  guaranteed  im- 
ported hammered  and  free  from  all  flaws  and  blisters.  Anything 
containing  gold,  silver  or  platinum,  either  refined  or  purchased. 
— ROESSLER  &  HASSLACHER  CHEMICAL  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PLATINUM  apparatus  and  appliances  of  all  kinds  for  laboratories. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

PLATINUM  ware,  crucibles,  dishes,  sheets,  wire,  foil,  and  labora- 
tory apparatus  of  finest  pure  hammered  platinum. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  COMPANY,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PLATINUM   apparatus,   hammered,   for  use  in   laboratories,   at 
current  prices. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     193 

POLARISCOPES    standard  makes  for  commercial  and  research 
laboratories. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

POLARISCOPES.     Franz  Schmidt,  Haensch's  make. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

POLARISCOPES.     Sole  agents  for  Josef  &  Jan  Fric,  whose  polari- 
scopes  have  been  adopted  by  the  U.  S.  Government. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

POLARISCOPES. 

— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURG,  PA. 

PORTABLE  CRUSHING  PLANTS.     For  regular  Macadam   and 
Ballast  work. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

POTENTIOMETER.  Direct  reading,  and  used  for  the  precision 
measurement  of  D.C.  electromotive  forces  from  .00001  to  1.6  volts. 
This  range  is  covered  by  a  double  scale,  the  second  scale  being  1/10 
the  value  of  the  first  scale.  With  accessories,  it  may  be  used  up  to 
1500  volts,  and  currents  up  to  2000  amperes.  It  has  a  low  internal 
resistance.  The  last  portion  of  the  measurement  is  made  on  an  ex- 
tended wire  which  enables  fluctuating  voltages  to  be  followed  with 
accuracy.  The  accuracy  may  be  checked  up  at  any  time  with 
facilities  available  in  an  ordinary  laboratory.  The  resistances  used 
in  this  instrument  are  of  manganin  which  has  a  very  low  tempera- 
ture coefficient  and  a  negligible  thermo  electromotive  force  against 
copper.  The  coils  are  adjusted  to  equality  to  1/100  per  cent. 
The  current  in  the  potentiometer  circuit  is  adjusted  without  disturb- 
ing the  setting  of  the  potentiometer. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

POTENTIOMETER,  QUEEN.  A  new  design  permitting  voltages 
to  be  determined  in  steps  of  .00001  volt.  Direct  reading  with  cad- 
mium cell.  Simple  in  its  manipulation.  This  instrument  can  also 
be  used  for  checking  laboratory  standard  voltmeters  and  ammeters. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

POTENTIOMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC.  An  instrument  in 
which  the  electromotive  force  developed  by  a  thermocouple  is 
measured  by  "  null  "  methods.  Instead  of  measuring  tne  current 
which  flows  in  a  circuit  as  the  result  of  the  electromotive  force  of  a 
thermocouple,  as  is  done  in  the  "  deflection  "  method,  the  measure- 
ment is  made  by  balancing  a  known  electromotive  force  against 
that  of  the  thermocouple.  The  Taylor-Cambridge  thermocouple 
potentiometer  has  a  range  up  to  30  millivolts,  and  the  scale  is 
divided  down  to  10  microvolts,  and  is  readable  by  estimation  to  1 
microvolt.  Specially  convenient  for  quick  laboratory  work  having 
arrangements  whereby  the  balance  against  the  standard  cell  can 


194        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

be  instantly  verified  after  each  reading.     Suitable  galvanometers, 

accumulators  and  standard  cells  are  supplied. 

— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PRESSURE  GAUGE.  Mercury.  The  open-column  mercury 
gauge,  is  a  very  accurate  form  of  gauge  manufactured,  and  its 
accuracy  may  be  relied  upon  after  years  of  use  (which  is  impossible 
with  spring  gauges.)  This  instrument  is  manufactured  for  pres- 
sures of  five  to  thirty  pounds,  and  is  largely  used  at  blast  furnace 
plants  for  indicating  the  pressure  of  the  blast. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PRESSURE    GAUGES.     Vacuum    gauges.  Recording.     For    all 

commercial  ranges  of  pressure  and  vacuum.  For  all  pressure  of 

steam,  hot  blast,  blast-furnace  top  gas,  etc.  New  bulletin  104. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

PRINCEPS  ALLOYS.     Of  various  melting  points  for  approximate 
temperature  determination  in  kilns,  especially  in  ceramic  works. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

PROJECTION  APPARATUS.     See  full  illustrated  catalog. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOME  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PROJECTION  APPARATUS  for  all  purposes.  Complete  line  for 
school,  entertainment  and  for  scientific  work.  Illustrated  catalog. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PULVERIZERS     for    laboratory    purposes,    pulverizing    to    200 
mesh. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

(See  also  Crushers.) 

PUMP,  VACUUM  FOR  LABORATORY.  Especially  intended  for 
chemical  laboratories,  to  create  a  high  degree  of  vacuum  with  a  small 
amount  of  steam  or  pressure  water  (as  desired) ;  termed  size  No.  4 
(SeeManufacturer's|CatalogPP-4)  and  has  a  capacity  (with  20  pounds 
water  pressure)  of  i  cu.  ft.  displacement  per  minute  of  air  at  atmo- 
spheric pressure,  producing  a  vacuum  of  29£"  mercury  on  a  1-gallon 
vessel  in  5  minutes;  and  is  supplied  complete  including  vacuum 
pump,  vacuum  gauge,  connecting  tee,  and  two  cocks.  Universities 
use  it  extensively  in  their  laboratories  in  conducting  experiments 
Whsre  larger  capacities  are  desired  regular  "  exhausters "  are 
supplied  as  described  under  this  heading  in  the  first  part  of  this 
Dictionary.  Catalog  PP-4. 

SCHUTTE  &  KOERTING  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PUMP.  Geryk's  air  pump  for  vacuum  operates  upon  the  hydraulic 
principle,  by  which  friction  is  reduced  to  a  minimum;  all  working 
joints  are  liquid  sealed  and  self-adjusting;  all  valves  are  automatic, 
so  that  the  air  meets  with  no  resistance  whatever.  There  is  no 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     195 

clearance  space,  and  ths  suction  and  delivery  of  air  is  absolute, 
however  slowly  the  pump  is  worked.  The  liquid  used  is  an  oil  of 
lowest  vapor  tension,  the  vacuum  obtained  being  equal  to  the  vapor 
tension  of  the  oil  in  the  vacuum.  No  air  will  ever  leak  back  through 
the  pump.  The  "  Geryk  "  pump  has  the  advantage  of  both  me- 
chanical and  mercury  pumps,  and  the  faults  of  neither.  It  produces 
a  vacuum  comparable  with  that  obtained  by  the  large  Sprengel  or 
other  mercury  pumps  and  is  infinitely  more  rapid  in  action.  Being 
sealed  and  packed,  it  is  not  dependent  upon  tight-fitting  mechanical 
pistons  for  the  attainment  of  its  results,  and  consequently  the  ex- 
cellence of  the  vacuum  is  not  diminished  by  wear.  It  is  always 
ready  for  use,  as  the  valves  and  pistons  work  in  oil. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
(Other  dealers  see  Laboratory  Supplies.) 

PUMPS,  VACUUM.     Dr.  Gaede's  patented  rotary,  for  the  highest 
obtainable  vacuum.     Not  affected  by  water  vapor.     Can  also  be 
used  as  a  pressure  pump. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

PUMPS,  VACUUM.     "  The  Geryk,"  produces  a  vacuum  equal  to 
mercury  pumps;  always  ready  for  use  and  has  proven   its    merits 
during  the  last  ten  years.     Catalog  S-T. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

PYROMETERS.  ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE.  The  "bulb"  or 
sensitive  portion  of  the  resistance  thermometer  contains  an  electric 
resistance  which  varies  with  its  temperature.  The  temperature  measure- 
ment is  made  by  measuring  the  consequent  change  in  resistance  of  the 
bulb.  In  pure  metals,  such  as  platinum,  nickel,  and  copper,  the 
change  is  approximately  4-1000  of  the  total  resistance  for  each  degree 
Centigrade.  Resistance  pyrometers  may  be  used  to  measure  any  tem- 
perature from  the  lowest  (liquid  air)  up  to  1200°  C.  (about  2200°  F.) . 

PYROMETER.  ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE.  Operated  oy  tele- 
phone. For  reading  temperatures  from  212°  F.  to  2200°  F.,  or  about 
100°  C.  to  1200°  C.  in  commercial  work.  Perfectly  portable,  with 
no  adjustment  to  be  made  when  placed  in  position.  To  make  a 
measurement,  the  stylus  or  pointer  is  slid  along  a  scale  wire,  the 
telephone  receiver  being  held  to  the  ear,  and  the  temperature  is  read 
off  on  the  chart  immediately  below  the  point  of  the  stylus  on  the 
scale  when  the  humming  noise  in  the  telephone  ceases.  A  gal- 
vanometer may  be  used  in  place  of  the  telephone  receiver. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETERS,  ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE   HERAEUS  QUARTZ 
GLASS.     Measure  temperatures  from  — 200°  up  to  +900°  C.;  they 
are  absolutely  exact  durable,  and  easy  to  handle. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER.  ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE.  LEEDS  AND 
NORTHRUP.  The  bulb  consists  of  a  coil  of  platinum  or  nickel  wire. 


196        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Resistance  change  is  measured  with  a  differential  galvanometer  on  a 
slide  resistance.  The  amount  of  energy  available  for  measuring 
purposes  with  these  thermometers  is  at  least  500  times  that  available 
in  the  best  thermocouple  practice,  thus  enabling  the  measuring  in- 
strument to  be  stouter  in  construction  than  the  milli voltmeter  of  a 
thermo  couple.  The  indicator,  which  is  the  term  given  to  the  dif- 
ferential galvanometer  with  slide  resistance,  is  made  in  the  following 
types: — Single  Dial,  Partial  Deflection,  Deflection  and  Recording 
Types.  The  Single  Dial  Type  is  recommended  for  use  of  the  highest 
precision,  the  Partial  Deflection  for  commercial  work,  and  the  Deflec- 
tion Type  for  work  where  temperature  changing  rapidly  are  to  be 
followed.  For  the  supervision  of  temperature,  the  recording  type, 
which  is  identical  with  the  Single  Dial  Indicators,  except  that  it  is 
self -balancing  instead  of  being  balanced  by  hand,  is  recommended. 
Supplied  with  an  accuracy  which  is  guaranteed  better  that  i%  of 
the  temperature  range  of  the  instrument  for  all  temperatures  lying 
below  2200°  Fahr.  and  all  ranges  above  8°  Fahr. 
— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER.  ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE.  TAYLOR-CAM- 
BRIDGE. In  these  instruments  the  sensitive  bulb  contains  a  coil  of 
platinum  wire  suitably  protected.  It  is  made  up  in  a  variety  of 
forms  for  different  purposes.  Suitable  for  use  for  all  temperatures 
below  1500°  F.  The  measuring  instruments  are  of  very  high  accuracy. 
The  Whipple  Patent  Indicator  is  a  portable  instrument  and  the 
Callendar  Patent  Recorder  a  fixed  instrument,  both  working  on  the 
Wheatstone-Bridge  principles,  and  therefore  capable  of  reading 
accurately  very  small  changes  in  temperature. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETERS.  ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE.  THWINQ'S.  De- 
signed especially  for  low  temperatures.  The  temperature  is  read  di- 
rectly in  degrees  without  setting.  It  is  readily  applied  to  the  re- 
corder. Applicable  in  many  situations  where  thermocouples  can 
not  be  conveniently  employed. 
— C.  B.  THWING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER.     ELECTRIC  RESISTANCE.  WILSON-MAE ULEN. 

Indicator  type. 

— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER.  THERMO-ELECTRIC.  The  bulb  of  the  pyrometer 
contains  one  junction  of  a  thermocouple,  which  when  heated  becomes 
the  seat  of  a  thermo-electromotive  force;  this  indicates  the  temperature 
of  the  bulb.  The  thermo-electric  pyrometer  employing  platinum  can 
be  used  up  to  1600°  C.  (about  2900°  F.)  that  is  up  to  higher  tem- 
peratures than  the  resistance  pyrometer,  and  is  therefore  of  special 
importance  in  the  temperature  range  from  1200  to  1600°  C.  (about 
2200°  and  2900°  F.).  Thermocouples  made  of  other  metals  have  other 
ranges  of  temperature,  as  stated  below. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     197 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  BRISTOL.  Indicating  and 
recording.  With  low  resistance.  Inexpensive  couples  of  special 
alloys  used.  A  special  feature  of  the  Bristol  pyrometer  is  the  com- 
pensator, which  automatically  makes  correction  for  any  change  of 
temperature  of  the  cold  junction.  For  indicating  pyrometers  the 
commercial  switchboard  type  of  portable  dead -bent  indicating  instru- 
ment may  be  employed.  For  recording  pyrometers  the  record  is 
made  on  a  smoked  chart  by  a  method  which  absolutely  eliminates 
friction  between  pen  and  chart.  Widely  used  for  measuring  and 
recording  the  temperature  of  the  blast  and  top  gases  of  blast  fur- 
naces, etc.,  and  in  general  for  measurement  of  temperatures  not  to 
exceed  2000°  F. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  BRISTOL.  For  instan- 
taneously taking  the  temperature  of  molten  metals.  A  portable 
instrument.  The  feature  is  a  special  thermo-electric  couple,  the 
two  elements  of  which  are  disconnected  and  left  without  insulation. 
When  the  tips  of  these  elements  are  slightly  immersed  into  the 
molten  metal,  an  electric  connection  is  made  and  the  reading  on  the 
instrument  will  be  the  same  as  if  the  couple  had  been  originally 
joined. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  BROWN.  Particularly  de- 
signed for  ordinary  rough  industrial  use  where  an  accurate  instrument 
is  desired.  The  thermo-couple  consists  of  two  nickel-alloy  rods, 
I"  in  diameter,  suitably  insulated  and  protected  by  steel  protecting 
tubes.  The  indicator  can  be  either  of  the  stationary  or  portable 
type,  the  stationary  instrument  having  an  extra  long  scale,  the  in- 
strument being  what  is  known  as  a  large  type  millivolt-meter.  The 
instrument  is  furnished  complete  with  leads  or  wiring  ready  for  use. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER,    THERMO-ELECTRIC,    BROWN    RECORDING. 

Makes  a  dotted  ink  line  record  on  an  ordinary  white  8"  recording 
chart,  the  dots  being  formed  so  close  together  that  they  form  practi- 
cally a  continuous  ink  line.  The  pointer  is  actuated  in  this  instru- 
ment the  same  as  in  an  indicating  instrument,  and  the  8"  chart  is 
brought  forward  and  makes  a  contact  every  minute  with  the  ink  pen. 
The  whole  clock  mechanism  is  of  powerful  construction,  and  is  de- 
signed for  ordinary  shop  use. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER.  THERMO-ELECTRIC.  For  200°  to  2900°  P., 
consisting  of  a  platinum,  platinum-rhodium  couple,  and  a  D'Arsonval 
galvanometer.  The  thermo-electric  wire  couples  can  be  replaced 
at  any  time,  as  they  are  interchangeable.  Sold  as  indicating  as  well 
as  recording  instrument. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 


198        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

PYROMETER.  THERMO-ELECTRIC.  HERAEUS-LE  CHATE- 
LJER.  Measures  temperatures  between  zero  and  1600°  C.  or  up  to 
2920°  F.  Recognized  as  standard  instrument.  Widest  distribution 
The  Heraeus  thermo-couples  are  interchangeable  after  years.  Write 
for  our  red  and  blue  books. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  HOSKINS.  For  practical 
shop  and  laboratory  use;  especially  applicable  to  experimental  work. 
Its  advantages  lie  in  the  physical  properties  of  the  patented  element 
used  for  its  thermo-couple.  This  produces  a  straight  line  tempera- 
ture-e.m.f.  curve,  which  makes  possible  a  uniform  even-scale  meter. 
The  high  melting  point  of  this  alloy,  together  with  its  power  of  re- 
sisting oxidation  makes  possible  its  use  under  many  conditions  with- 
out a  protecting  tube;  this  enables  quick  readings.  Its  range  of 
temperature  is  from  150°  C.  (300°  F.)  to  1400°  C.  (2552°  F.)  The 
indicating  meter,  of  the  portable  type;  is  simple,  compact,  robust. 
It  can  be  carried  from  one  part  of  the  plant  to  another  and  readings 
taken  by  any  careful  workman.  The  wall-type  instrument  is  fitted 
with  an  illuminated  dial.  Selective  switches  and  other  equipment 
for  connecting  several  thermo-couples  with  one  meter  also  manu- 
facture! 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  ADVANCE.  Large-dial  in- 
dicators of  standard  and  special  ranges.  Double  pivot  wall  or  port- 
able instruments.  Fire-rods  of  which  the  two  elements  of  the  coupls 
are  a  rod  and  a  tube,  the  insulation  being  around  the  rod  and  wholly 
inside  the  tube  so  that  no  short-circuiting  can  occur  and  quickest 
response  to  temperature  change  is  obtained.  Fire-rods  may  be  bent 
without  injury.  They  are  made  in  many  lengths  and  all  inter- 
changeable. Regular  fire-rods  for  use  to  1800°  F.  or  1000°  C. 
Special  thermocouples  for  higher  heats. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER.     THERMO-ELECTRIC.  ADVANCE  RECORDING 

Ranges  to  1200°  P.,  1800°  P.,  2200°  F.  For  use  in  connection  with 
Advance  fire-rods  and  on  special  alloy  thermocouples.  The  record 
is  made  with  ink  on  white  paper,  the  paper  travelling  "  straight 
ahead  ".  Records  continuous  for  24  hours  or  four  weeks  obtained 
according  to  form  of  record  paper  used. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  QUEEN.  Based  on  the 
Le  Chatelier  principle.  Consists  of  a  platinum-rhodium  couple  and 
a  sensitive  D'Arsonval  galvanometer  with  a  scale,  carefully  cali- 
brated either  in  Fahrenheit  or  Centigrade  degree,  or  millivolts  if 
desired.  The  instrument  has  been  greatly  improved  over  former 
types  of  the  company,  so  as  to  be  most  accurate  and  sensitive,  be- 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies     199 

sides  being  of  rugged  construction  throughout  and  capable  of  with- 
standing rough  usage. 
— QUEBN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  LE  CHATELIER.  Consists 
in  stationary  form  of  a  60-inch  platinum,  platinum-rhodium, 
thermo-couple,  Siemens  and  Halske  pyrometer-galvanometer,  pair 
of  50-inch  best  porcelain  tubes.  In  portable  form,  the  same  as 
above  except  30-inch  couple  and  18-inch  tubes. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  SIEMENS.  The  Siemens 
thermoelectric  pyrometer  can  be  used  in  connection  with  any  suitable 
thermo-couple.  For  high  temperatures  between  200  and  1600°  C. 
(about  400  and  2000°  F.)  the  most  suitable  thermo-couple  is  plati- 
num and  platinum-rhodium.  For  lower  temperatures  up  to  1000°  C. 
(about  up  to  1800°  P.),  platinum-indium  may  be  used  instead  of 
platinum-rhodium.  For  still  lower  temperatures  and  also  for  tem- 
peratures down  to  minus  190°  C.  ( — 310°  F.)  constantan-silver 
couples  are  advisable  on  account  of  the  higher  thermo-electric  force. 
The  Siemens  pyrometers  are  upon  request  furnished  with  a  certifi- 
cate of  the  German  Reichsanstalt.  Of  course,  the  Bureau  of  Stand- 
ards in  Washington  will  also  test  and  certify  the  Siemens  pyro- 
meters. Widely  used  for  blast  furnaces,  foundries,  hardening  furn- 
aces, boilers  porcelain  furnaces,  and  in  chemical  factories. 

The  Siemens  instrument  is  of  highest  accuracy  and  sensitiveness. 
With  the  pivoted  flirect-reading  galvanometer,  the  necessity  of 
levelling  the  instrument  is  avoided.  Made  in  several  types;  for 
laboratory  work  the  suspension-strip  pyrometer  is  recommended; 
for  supervision  and  control  of  temperatures  the  recording  suspen- 
sion-strip pyrometer;  for  supervision  and  control  of  temperatures 
in  industrial  works  the  recording  pivoted-oil  pyrometer. 

A  special  feature  of  all  Siemens-pyrometers,  the  direct-reading  as 
well  as  the  recording  pyrometers,  is  their  high  internal  resistance 
that  amounts  to  several  hundred  ohms;  even  in  the  pivoted  type. 
This  feature  enables  the  Siemens  pyrometers  to  be  used  in  con- 
nection with  a  special  commutator  so  that  five  thermo-couples  can 
be  connected  to  one  recording  pyrometer.  The  Siemens  &  Halske 
Co.  furnishes  also  a  complete  set  of  all  auxiliary  apparatus  to  be 
used  in  connection  with  pyrometers;  especially  may  be  mentioned  a 
potentiometer  for  very  exact  thermo-electrical  measurements 
according  to  Lindeck's  method. 
— SIEMENS  &  HALSKE  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK  (Agent  for  the  United  States) . 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  TAYLOR-CAMBRIDGE 
BASE-METAL.  For  use  where  robustness  and  cheapness  is  preferred 
to  extreme  accuracy.  Standard  ranges  200  to  1000°  F.,  and  300  to 
1800°  F.  The  thermo-couple  is  made  of  thick  wires  of  heat  resisting 
alloys  insulated  by  refractory  compound  and  protected  by  a  steel 
stem.  It  is  provided  with  a  plug  head  for  quick  attachment  of  cable. 


200        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

The  temperature  measurement  is  made  by  a  specially  calibrated  in- 
dicating millivoltmeter  which  may  be  portable,  wall  type  or  recording. 
The  portable  and  wall  types  are  independent  of  levelling  and  may 
be  used  in  any  position. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  TAYLOR-CAMBRIDGE 
STANDARD.  For  high  temperatures  and  for  accurate  work  the 
thermocouple  is  made  of  platinum  and  platinum-rhodium,  protected 
in  a  highly  refractory  stem.  Measurement  of  temperature  is  made  on 
a  specially  calibrated  indicating  millivoltmeter  either  portable,  wall 
type,  or  recording.  In  all  cases  these  are  of  high  resistance  and  the 
portable  and  wall-type  instruments  do  not  require  accurate  leveling 
in  use,  nor  the  clamping  of  the  coil  when  carrying.  The  scale  in 
these  instruments  is  over  6"  long. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC,  THWINQ.  The  couple  con- 
sists of  nickel  alloys,  one  being  in  the  form  of  a  heavy  tube  enclosing 
the  other,  the  junction  being  welded.  This  construction  affords  pro- 
tection from  injury  without  sacrificing  quickness  of  response  to  tem- 
perature changes.  The  galvanometer  is  compensated  for  changes 
of  air  temperature  and  for  error  of  cold  ends.  Furnished  with 
Pt/Pt-Rh  couples  for  temperature  above  1100°  C.  Furnished  in 
portable  or  wall  form  or  as  recorder. 
— C.  B.  THWING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER,    THERMO-ELECTRIC,    THWINQ    RECORDING. 

The  record  is  distinctly  printed  in  ink  and  visible  in  its  etirety.  It  is 
surmounted  by  a  distinct  indicating  scale  from  which  the  temperature 
may  be  read  directly  at  any  time.  It  may  be  made  to  record  simul- 
taneously as  high  as  four  temperatures  at  one  time,  the  records  being 
distinguishable  by  varying  frequency  of  the  dots  composing  the 
record  in  one  form  while  in  another  a  separate  galvanometer  is  used. 
This  makes  the  comparison  of  two  or  more  related  temperatures  very 
convenient.  The  cost  of  making  the  additional  records  is  small. 
— C.  B.  THWING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER.  THERMO-ELECTRIC.  LE  CHATELIER.  Wall 
pattern  and  portable  indicators  with  patented  single-pivot  move- 
ment. Indicators  do  not  have  to  be  set  level  and  are  not  affected  by 
heavy  vibrations.  Each  instrument  provided  with  automatic  clamp 
for  coil  and  pointer  which  are  set  free  to  swing  when  indicator  is  set 
upon  either  flat  surfaces  or  wall  bracket  or  when  cover  of  portable 
instrument  is  opened.  These  indicators  having  high  internal  re- 
sistance may  be  calibrated  for  both  platinum,  platinum-rhodium 
thermocouples  and  "  Advance "  fire-rods.  Platinum,  platinum- 
rhodium  couples  are  absolutely  interchangeable  and  supplied  in  all 
lengths.  Pyrometer  tubes  of  refractory  fire-clay,  electroquartz  or 
Royal  Berlin  porcelain. 
— WILSON-MAEULIN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     201 

PYROMETER,  THERMO-ELECTRIC.  SPECIAL  THERMO- 
COUPLES. We  make  a  specialty  of  thermocouples  for  special  tem- 
perature ranges  and  special  conditions.  Thermocouples  (for  moder- 
ate heats)  of  wire  as  fine  as  No.  28  B.  &  S.  Couples  in  stock  for 
temperatures  as  low  as  250°  below  0°  F.  Interchangeable  couples 
of  platinum-iridium,  and  platinum -rhodium. 
— WILSON  MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER  TUBE.  Protecting  sheaths  or  tubes  for  the  thermo- 
couples used  in  pyrometry.  In  addition  to  fire  clay,  glazed  porce- 
lain, fused  quartz,  etc.,  pure  Acheson  graphite  has  proved  of  value 
in  brass,  aluminium,  zinc  and  other  metallurgical  work.  These  are 
readily  made  by  boring  solid  Acheson  graphite  rods.  The  purity, 
inertness,  high  heat  conductivity  and  low  price  are  favorable  factors. 
— INTERNATIONAL  ACHESON  GRAPHITE  Co.,  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETER  TUBES  of  fused  silica,  all  sizes. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE,  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER  OPTICAL.  An  instrument  in  which  the  tempera- 
ture measurement  is  made  by  the  comparison  of  the  relative  luminous 
intensity  of  the  hot  body  and  a  standard.  The  adjustment  is  made 
by  the  operator  until  equality  is  established  between  the  two  intensities. 
This  adjustment  provides  a  reading  which  is  convertible  into  tempera- 
ture. Optical  and  radiation  pyrometers  are  the  only  instruments  per- 
mitting the  measurement  of  temperatures  above  1600°  C.  or  about 
2900°  F.  (the  upper  limit  of  electric  pyrometers').  They  measure  the 
temperature  from  a  distance,  so  that  the  instrument  is  not  subjected 
to  any  excessive  temperature. 

PYROMETER,  OPTICAL,  WANNER.  Wanner,  making  use  of  the 
polarizing  principle  discarded  by  Le  Chatelier,  has  devised  a  photo- 
meter-pyrometer, which  is  a  modification,  suited  to  temperature- 
measurements,  of  Konig's  spectrophotometer.  Has  been  in  wide  use 
for  a  series  of  years  in  industrial  plants,  and  has  been  improved  in  its 
latest  design  so  as  to  avoid  errors  due  to  loss  of  light  in  its  passage 
through  the  apparatus.  Measures  temperatures  above  900°  C. 
(about  1650°  F.).  Supplied  with  Reichsanstalt  certificates  in  three 
ranges,  one  going  up  to  2000°  C.  (about  3600°  P.),  the  second  to 
4000°  C.  the  third  to  7000°  C.  Determinations  of  temperature 
exact  and  rapid,  no  previous  knowledge  being  required.  The 
"  new  Wanner  pyrometer  "  is  made  in  two  styles,  with  temperature 
ranges  of  600  to  1000°  C.  (particularly  for  the  annealing  and  temper- 
ing of  steel),  and  900  to  7000°  C. ;  this  instrument  is  portable,  accurate 
and  convenient. 

— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

PYROMETER,  OPTICAL,  FERY  ABSORPTION.  For  temperatures 
above  1200°  C.  An  improved  form  of  the  original  optical  pyrometer 


202        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

of  Le  Chatelier.  The  standard  of  luminosity  is  an  amyl-acetate 
lamp.  The  image  of  this  flame  when  seen  through  the  eye  piece  is 
superposed  on  the  image  of  the  hot  body,  and  variation  of  luminous 
intensity  in  the  latter  is  made  by  traversing  a  pair  of  absorbing  quartz 
wedges  between  the  focused  image  and  the  hot  body.  When 
equality  is  established  the  reading  is  made  upon  a  scale  attached  to 
the  quartz  wedges.  Can  be  used  on  extremely  small  hot  bodies  of 
irregular  shape. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETER,     OPTICAL,  LE  CHATELIER.     For  temperatures 
above  1000°  C.     The  standard  of  luminosity  is  a  gasoline  lamp.     The 
regulation  of  the  intensity  of  the  light  from  the  standard  lamp  is 
controlled  by  a  cat's  eye  diaphragm  (no  prisms  being  used). 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER,  RADIATION.  A  device  sensitive  to  temperature 
is  subjected  to  the  radiant  heat  given  out  by  the  body  whose  temperature 
is  to  be  measured,  in  such  a  way  that  the  measurement  made  is  one  of 
intensity  of  radiation  and  is  within  limits  independent  of  the  size  of 
the  hot  body,  or  the  distance  separating  it  from  the  pyrometer.  Radia- 
tion pyrometers  and  optical  pyrometers  are  both  based  on  the  laws  of 
radiation;  but  in  the  former  the  total  heat  of  radiation  is  used  as  measure 
of  temperature,  in  the  latter  only  the  radiation  corresponding  to  a  certain 
wave  length. 

PYROMETER,  RADIATION,  FERY.  Works  at  a  distance  from 
hot  body.  Standard  ranges  1000  to  3600°  F.  Can  be  scaled  as 
low  as  600°  F.  and  as  high  as  desired.  Radiant  heat  from  hot  body 
focussed  by  gilded  concave  mirror  on  one  junction  of  a  minute 
thermo-couple.  The  focussing  arrangements  make  the  measurement 
independent  of  distance.  Can  be  used  on  hot  body  as  small  as  i* 
diameter.  Temperature  is  read  direct  on  a  specially  calibrated 
millivoltmeter,  portable,  wall  type,  or  recording.  Millivoltmeter  is 
of  high  resistance  and  in  portable  and  wall  types  the  movement  is 
double  pivoted,  avoiding  the  necessity  for  accurate  levelling  in  use. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

PYROMETER,  RADIATION,  FERY  SPIRAL.  In  a  recent  modifi- 
cation of  the  Fery  radiation  pyrometer  the  thermo-couple  is  re- 
placed by  a  small  spiral  of  two  metal  strips  with  different  coefficients 
of  expansion.  When  heated  by  the  focused  radiation  the  spiral 
uncurls  and  moves  a  pointer  over  a  scale  carried  on  the  casing.  The 
whole  instrument  is  self-contained  and  is  provided  with  a  portable 
tripod  stand.  Particularly  useful  for  rapid  tests.  Standard  range 
600  to  1300°  C. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETER,  RADIATION,  FOSTER  "  FIXED-FOCUS."  Spec- 
ially designed  for  simplicity  and  rapid  working.  Gives  practically 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     203 

instantaneous  readings.  Portable  outfit  consists  of  receiving  tube, 
flexible  cable  and  robust  indicator.  Standard  ranges  1000  to  2400° 
P.  or  1600  to  3200°  F.  Can  be  used  for  portable  or  fixed  work  and  is 
of  high  accuracy.  Independent  of  distance  within  wide  limits  and 
requires  no  focusing  nor  leveling. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PYROMETER,  RADIATION,  THWINQ.  A  simple  hand  tube  re- 
ceives the  radiations  from  the  hot  body  the  temperature  being  read 
directly  in  degrees,  in  five  seconds  after  pointing  at  the  source  of  heat, 
upon  the  scale  of  a  portable  galvanometer.  The  tube  requires  no 
focussing  and  the  galvanometer  no  levelling.  The  entire  outfit 
weighs  but  four  pounds.  Highly  accurate  where  conditions  are 
suitable.  In  use  for  temperatures  as  low  as  200°  C.  but  especially 
suitable  for  very  high  temperatures. 
— C.  B.  THWING,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETERS.  OTHERS  THAN  ELECTRIC,  OPTICAL  AND 
RADIATION. 

PYROMETER,  BRISTOL  RECORDING.  For  temperatures  from 
40  to  800°  F.,  for  kilns,  ovens,  flue  gases,  superheated  steam,  core- 
ovens,  drying  apparatus,  etc.  The  operation  depends  on  the  pressure 
due  to  the  expansion  of  a  gas  contained  in  a  bulb  which  is  connected 
with  a  Bristol  recording  pressure  gauge  by  &  small  flexible  copper 
tube  25  feet  or  more  in  length. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

PYROMETER.  BROWN  STANDARD  PORTABLE.  Used  largely 
at  blast  furnace  plants  for  testing  the  temperature  at  the  tuyeres.  It 
is  held  to  the  plughole  and  the  temperature  of  the  hot  blast,  in  pass- 
ing through,  is  indicated  on  the  dial.  A  desirable  feature  about  the 
improved  portable  pyrometer  is  its  quickness  in  indicating,  about 
25  seconds  being  necessary  to  make  a  test.  This  is  important  where 
the  pressures  are  high. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER.  BROWN  HOT-BLAST.  Based  on  the  difference 
in  expansion  of  a  special  steel  stem  and  non-expansion  of  graphite 
rods.  The  temperature  is  readily  observed  on  a  large  6$"  dial,  the 
pointer  passing  around  this  dial  and  having  wide  divisions  reading 
to  10  degrees.  This  instrument  has  a  porcelain  dial  which  does  not 
become  tarnished;  is  practically  unbreakable,  the  stem  being  all  of 
steel  and  the  instrument  is  accurate  and  durable  when  used  for  tem- 
peratures up  to  1500  degrees  Fahrenheit. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER,  BROWN  RECORDING.  Based  on  the  expansion 
of  a  special  alloy  steel  stem  and  the  non-expansion  of  graphite  rods. 
Instead  of  a  dial  with  pointer  as  in  the  Brown  hot-blast  pyrometer 
the  instrument  is  supplied  with  a  recording  mechanism  with  a  pen 


204        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

resting  directly  on  the  chart  and  tracing  a  red  line  on  the  wnite  chart. 
This  instrument  is  adaptable  for  recording  temperatures  to   1500 
degrees  Fahrenheit. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETER.         BROWN,    QUICK-ACTING     PLATINUM.     A 

portable  pyrometer  designed  for  practical  use  in  measuring  high 
temperatures.     This  instrument  has  no  parts  which  can  be  readily 
broken  and  is  suitable  for  placing  in  the  hands  of  any  ordinary  work- 
man.    It  is  particularly  used  in  the  annealing  ovens  of  malleable 
iron  works,  glass  melting  tanks,  chemical  works,  etc.     The  instru- 
ment is  inserted  in  the  furnace  or  kiln  and  the  pointer  immediately 
passes  around  the  dial,  stops,  the  temperature  is  noted,  and  the 
instrument  withdrawn,  taking  altogether  about  15  seconds.     .... 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETERS.  QAUNTELETT.  Based  on  the  different  expan- 
sion coefficient  of  an  iron  and  a  copper  tube.  Specially  adapted  for 
higher  temperatures,  1500°  F.  being,  however,  about  the  limit. 
Pyrometers  in  stock  with  dials  of  1000,  1200  and  1500°  F.  maximum. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER.  HOBSON  HOT-BLAST.  This  is  an  English  in- 
strument which  is  used  at  blast  furnace  plants  in  certain  sections  of 
the  United  States.  The  nozzle  of  the  instrument  is  held  to  the  tuyere 
at  the  blast  furnace,  and  the  hot  blast  is  drawn  in  and  cooled  by 
three  parts  of  cold  air,  the  actual  temperature  of  the  hot  blast  being 
read  on  the  brass  scales  alongside  of  the  thermometer  designed  for 
this  purpose.  It  is  a  very  handy  form  of  instrument,  and  is  pre- 
ferred by  many  iron  plants  on  account  of  its  simplicity. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

PYROMETERS.     PRINCEPS    ALLOYS.     Strips    of    metals    and 
alloys  of  various  melting  points  (315  to  1775°  C.)  for  approximate 
temperature  determinations  in  ceramic  works. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETERS.     SEQER  CONES.     Set  of  36  numbered  cones, 
ranging  from  1150  to  1850°  C.,  for  use  in  the  ceramic  industry. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROMETER.  SIEMENS  WATER.  Consists  of  a  cylindrical  cop- 
per vessel  containing  water  in  which  a  mercury  thermometer  with  an 
adjustable  brass  scale  is  inserted,  and  with  the  thermometers  are 
furnished  copper  cylinders.  Exactly  20  ounces  of  water  are  placed 
in  the  pyrometer,  the  copper  ball  is  heated  in  the  furnace  and 
dropped  into  the  water,  the  temperature  of  which  rises  and  can  be 
read  off  on  the  graduated  scale  placed  alongside  of  the  pyrometer 
in  the  actual  degrees  of  temperature  of  the  furnace.  For  measuring 
the  temperature  of  annealing  furnaces,  etc.,  up  to  1800°  F. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     205 

PYROMETERS.     In  most  approved  types,  both  of  domestic  and 
foreign  manufacture,  at  manufacturers'  prices. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED.  Fused  silica  is  manufactured  in  an  electric 
furnace  from  pure  silica  by  a  patented  process.  The  apparatus 
made  is  of  great  value  for  chemical  and  allied  industries  as  it  entirely 
resists  acids  and  heat.  Laboratory  apparatus  is  made  by  the  same 
process  and  forms  a  valuable  substitute  for  platinum  in  certain 
operations.  A  complete  catalogue  is  issued,  in  which  the  apparatus 
for  various  purposes  are  illustrated.  The  ware  is  sold  under  the 
trade  mark  of  "  Vitreosil." 

The  melting  point  about  the  same  as  that  of  platinum,  between 
1700  and  1800°  C.,  but  is  not  well  defined  as  an  appreciable  soften- 
ing of  the  material  occurs  at  1500°  C.  In  consequence  of  the  very 
low  temperature  coefficient,  this  material  can  be  subjected  to  very 
sudden  temperature  changes  withoiit  any  danger  of  breakage.  The 
following  acids  are  without  action  on  this  material,  sulphuric,  nitric, 
and  hydrochloric  or  a  mixture  of  any  of  these  simple  acids  with  the 
exception  of  hydrofluoric  and  at  high  temperatures  phosphoric. 
The  action  of  phosphoric  acid  on  silica  only  commenses  above  400°  C 
so  that  for  all  ordinary  purposes  it  can  be  safely  used  with  this 
acid.  As  an  electrical  insulator  it  is  superior  to  glass,  porcelain 
and  similar  materials,  the  resistance  deceasing  much  more  slowly 
with  the  rise  in  temperature.  It  also  possesses  the  further  advan- 
tage that  the  moisture  does  not  condense  on  its  surface  and  in 
consequence  the  surface  leakage  is  much  smaller  than  in  the  case 
of  glass  and  materials  of  a  ceramic  nature.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
about  2.07,  its  specific  inductive  capacity  is  3.5  to  3.6. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED,  NON-TRANSPARENT.  Very  refractory  melt- 
ing point  above  1500°  C.,  low  coefficient  of  expansion,  thereby 
unaffected  by  sudden  and  extreme  changes  of  temperature.  Not 
attacked  by  acids,  except  hydrofluoric.  A  wide  range  of  tubes  for 
combustion  and  pyrometric  purposes,  dishes,  crucibles,  triangles, 
muffles,  etc.,  kept  in  stock. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED,  OPAQUE  or  electroquartz.  In  the  opaque 
state,  quartz  articles  are  made  in  cast,  pressed,  and  drawn  pieces 
with  perfect  glaze  on  both  outer  and  inner  surfaces  of  laboratory 
articles.  Large  basins,  glazed  inside.  Pipes  and  large  tubes,  smooth 
but  not  glazed.  Serviceable  for  pyrometer  tubes  in  most  cases, 
combustion  tubes,  pipes  and  containers  for  hot  acids.  Because  of 
negligibly  small  coefficient  of  expansion  electroquartz  withstands 
sudden  and  violent  temperature  changes.  It  differs  from  the 
transparent  fused  quartz  only  in  having  air  inclusions  and  so  being 
opaque  and  less  tough.  Like  the  transparent  fused  quartz  it  is 
pure  SiO2  and  so  should  be  limited  to  acid  or  neutral  contents. 


206        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

Laboratory  crucibles  and  dishes  which  are  strictly  non-porous  and 

very  smooth. 

— WILSON  MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED,  TRANSPARENT.  Laboratory  utensils,  like 
beakers,  crucibles,  dishes,  flask,  tubes,  test  tubes.  Have  a  softening 
point  much  higher  than  ordinary  glass  and  stand  the  most  sudden 
and  violent  changes  of  temperature  without  breaking.  Quartz- 
glass  resists  the  actions  of  many  chemicals  and  the  surface  is  not 
hydroscopic.  Nearly  any  piece  of  laboratory  glass-blown  ware  can 
be  duplicated  in  quartz. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED,  TRANSPARENT  Hereaus.  Fused  quartz 
glass  articles,  of  transparent  fused  quartz,  can  be  raised  to  white 
heat  and  plunged  into  cold  water  without  damage;  not  affected 
by  any  temperature  changes.  Anything  that  the  glass  blower  can 
make,  can  be  made  of  Hereaus  fused  quartz  glass.  Write  for 
pamphlet. 
— CHARLES  ENGELHARD,  NEW  YORK. 

QUARTZ,   FUSED,  TRANSPARENT.     Laboratory  Ware. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED,  TRANSPARENT.  This  apparatus  is  manu- 
factured by  a  process  which  has  the  merit  of  producing  articles  of  a 
symmetry  hitherto  unattained  in  silica  ware.  The  apparatus  being 
transparent  and  consisting  of  pure  silica  in  a  thoroughly  fused  and 
homogeneous  condition,  fulfills  purposes  for  which  the  ordinary 
opaque  material  is  unsuitable.  Fused  quartz  articles  do  not  crack 
when  subjected  to  the  most  violent  and  sudden  changes  of  tem- 
perature; they  are  unattacked  by  the  volatile  acids,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  hydrofluoric  acid;  they  have  a  melting  point  approximately 
equal  to  that  of  platinum;  they  are  harder  than  ordinary  glass. 
Above  1000°  C.  permeable  to  hydrogen  and  certain  other  gases. 
Coefficient  of  expansion  0.00000059  per  degree  Centigrade  (about 
1/17  that  of  platinum).  Its  expansion  up  to  1000°  C.  is  regular; 
above  1200°  C.  it  contracts.  As  far  as  known  at  present,  it  shows 
no  tendency  to  devitrification.  Density  2.2. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

QUARTZ,    FUSED,    TRANSPARENT.     The    articles    are    hand 
worked  and  made  in  intricate  shapes.     The  transparent  fused  quartz 
differs  from  the  opaque  electroquartz   (see  below)   only  in  being 
free  from  air  inclusions  and  so  is  transparent  and  tougher. 
— WILSON-MAEULEN  Co.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

QUARTZ,  FUSED.  See  also  Condensing  apparatus,  Coils. 
Acid-proof  chemical  apparatus,  Evaporating  basins,  muffles, 
Sulphuric  acid  apparatus  in  the  first  part  of  this  Dictionary. 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     207 

QUARTZ    GLASS.     A  term  sometimes  used  for  fused  quartz.     It 
is  not  glass,  but  pure  silica.     See  Quartz,  Fused. 

RADIUM.     Curie's  genuine  salts. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

RADIUM. 

— FUERST  BROS.,  NEW  YORK. 

REAGENTS.     See  Chemicals. 

REFRACTOMETERS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOME  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

REFRACTOMETERS.     All  kinds. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

REGULATORS.     Automatic  Regulators  for  maintaining  uniform 
temperatures  in  enclosed  bodies  of  air  or  liquid. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

RESISTANCE  BOXES  Queen  for  use  in  measurement  of  conduc- 
tivities of  electrolytes.  The  resistances  are  wound  with  manganin 
and  are  practically  free  from  inductance  and  capacity.  Accuracies 
of  1/10,  1/25,  1/50  and  1/100  of  1%  can  be  provided.  The  decade 
boxes  are  arranged  with  travelling  plugs  so  as  to  use  them  for 
potentiometer  methods. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA 

RETORTS  for  Laboratories,  made  of  copper,  porcelain,  glass  or 
iron. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

REVOLUTION  INDICATOR.  Extensively  used  for  continually 
indicating  the  speed  of  engines,  rotating  shafts,  water  wheels,  etc. 
The  instrument  shows  at  a  glance  by  the  height  of  a  column  or  mer- 
cury the  number  of  revolutions  per  minute  made  by  an  engine  or 
dynamo  without  the  necessity  of  counting  or  using  a  watch.  This 
revolution  indicator  is  particularly  adaptable  for  slow  speed  engines, 
such  as  blast  furnace  blowing  engines,  and  it  is  very  extensively  used 
for  this  purpose. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

REVOLUTION  RECORDER  Brown.  Continually  records  on 
an  8"  circular  chart  the  revolutions  per  minute  made  by  an  engine, 
motor,  etc.,  the  instrument  being  very  sensitive  and  recording  the 
slightest  change  in  speed.  A  clear  ink  line  record  is  made  on  the 
recording  chart,  and  the  instrument  can  be  used  for  either  high  or 
slow  speed  engines  or  rotating  shafts.  The  instrument  is  par- 
ticularly used  at  blast  furnace  plants. 
— BROWN  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


208        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

RUBBER  GOODS. 

— THE  SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 

RUBBER    GOODS    for    Laboratories.     Rubber    bulbs,     gloves, 
fingers  sheets,  stoppers  and  tubing. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

RUBBER  STOPPERS  AND  TUBING. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

SAMPLE  GRINDER.     Open-door  construction;  range  of  output 
30  to  100  mesh,  easily  adjustable,  easily  cleaned. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

SCALES   Analytical. 

— THE  SALT  LAKE  HARDWARE  Co.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 
(See  also  Balances.) 

SCREEN  Laboratory.  For  all  kinds  of  separations,  accessible 
and  easily  cleaned.  Hand  sieves.  A  complete  line  of  all  meshes. 
— STURTEVANT  MILL  Co.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

SEGAR  CONES.     For  measurements  of  temperatures,  set  of  36 
numbered  cones,  ranging  from  1150  to  1850°  C. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

SHAKING  MACHINE.  J.  M.  Camp's.  A  great  time  and  labor 
saver,  where  agitation  is  desired  in  a  flask  for  either  dissolving  or 
precipitating,  and  particularly  adapted  for  precipitating  phosphorus 
by  the  molybdic  acid  method,  or  dissolving  steel  or  pig  iron  for 
carbon  combustion.  Holds  six  of  any  size  flasks,  Florence  or 
Erlenmeyer,  from  six  to  twenty-four  ounces  capacity,  any  one  of 
which  can  be  placed  or  removed  in  a  fraction  of  a  second.  Re- 
quires about  1/25  horse  power  and  can  be  operated  by  a  small  elec- 
tric motor.  (See  illustrated  description  in  Electrochemical  and 
Metallurgical  Industry,  vol.  v.  p.  270.) 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SILICA,  FUSED.     See  Quartz,  Fused. 

SLIDE  RULE,  CHEMISTS'.  Contains  seventy-five  factors  con- 
stantly used  in  calculating  analytical  results.  Reduces  the  time 
required  for  calculation  of  chemical  analysis  to  a  few  seconds  and 
also  increases  the  accuracy  of  the  results.  The  rule  permits  the 
reading  of  results  to  four  places  of  figures.  In  addition  to  the 
calculations  of  percentage  of  given  elements  in  a  substance,  the  rule 
also  serves  for  the  performance  of  simple  multiplication,  division, 
determination  of  powers  of  a  number,  the  extraction  of  roots,  and 
can  also  be  used  in  volumetric  determinations.  The  factors  for 
elements,  in  the  different  forms  of  combination  in  which  they  are 
ordinarily  calculated,  are  indicated  on  the  face  of  the  rule;  on  the 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     209 

back  is  a  table  of  the  atomic  weights,  and  on  the  edge  is  a  scale 
divided  into  millimeters.     Write  for  pamphlet  for  description. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

SPECTROPHOTOMETER    Brace.     Best  and  only  reliable  instru- 
ment for  obtaining  absolute  accurate  color  measurements.     Catalog 
M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

SPECTROSCOPES  and  spectrometers,  especially  designed  to  meet 
the  demand  of  the  American  Market.     Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

SPECTROSCOPES.     Franz  Schmidt  Harnsch's  make. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

SPECTROSCOPES. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

STILL.     Mercury  distilling  apparatus. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

STILLS.     For  laboratory  and  domestic  uses. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

STILL  Water,  Rochlitz  Automatic.  Works  day  and  night 
without  attention  and  gives  i  gallon  of  pure  and  sterilized  distilled' 
water  per  hour  with  a  gas  supply  of  8-10  cu.  ft.  Descriptive  circular. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

STILL.  Sargent's  automatic  water  still  for  the  continuous  pro- 
duction of  distilled  water  for  laboratory  and  domestic  use.  Made 
in  two  sizes  to  produce  i  and  1  gallon  per  hour.  Equipped  with 
burners  for  gas  or  gasoline  or  with  steam  coil.  We  also  supply 
automatic  stills  heated  by  steam  only  with  a  capacity  of  5  gallons 
per  hour  up  to  any  capacity  desired.  Electric  distilling  apparatus, 
may  be  operated  on  110- volt  alternating  or  direct  current.  Also 
supplied  for  use  on  220-volt  circuits.  Capacity  of  standard  appar- 
atus is  one  gallon  per  hour.  Also  Scott's  oil  still. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

STILL,  AUTOMATIC.  Steam  heated  still  for  large  laboratories. 
Boiling  chamber  made  of  heavy  copper,  fitted  with  water  gauge. 
Condensing  chamber  made  of  heavy  copper  with  f  inch  heavy 
block  tin  condensing  coil.  The  boiling  chamber,  condenser  and 
steam  oil  are  heavily  coated  on  the  inside  with  block  tin.  Approxi- 


210       Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

mate  capacity,  4  gallons  per  hour.     Also  made  for  any  other  size 

desired. 

— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

STILLS.     See  also  Distilling  and  Stills  in  Part  I  of  this  Dictionary. 

STONEWARE,  CHEMICAL.  See  Part  I  of  Dictionary  under 
Stoneware  and  Earthenware,  also  different  apparatus  made  from 
stoneware. 

SUGAR  TESTING  APPARATUS.     Comprehensive  stock  of  Polari- 
scopes,  Bus  Hydrometers,  and  all  apparatus  for  testing  sugar. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

SUPPORTS.  Universal  laboratory  supports.  A  complete  sys- 
tem of  supports  covering  practically  every  requirement  in  chemical 
and  physical  laboratories.  The  parts  of  the  system  are  inter- 
changeable and  are  capable  of  being  used  in  many  different  ways, 
the  various  combinations  often  serving  the  purpose  of  expensive 
pieces  of  apparatus.  Many  improvements  have  been  -made  and 
many  new  and  useful  pieces  have  been  added  to  make  the  system  a 
most  complete  one. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

TELESCOPE  AND  SCALE  Support  with  celluloid  scale,  engine 
divided.     Catalog  M-L. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

TELESCOPE  AND  SCALE.  For  the  measurement  of  small  move- 
ments at  a  distance  a  telescope  is  provided  on  an  adjustable  stand. 
Where  the  movement  is  that  of  the  mirror  in  a  reflecting  galvan- 
ometer, a  scale  is  also  mounted  and  the  movement  of  the  image  of 
this  scale  is  measured  in  the  eye  piece  of  the  telescope.  In  the 
Taylor-Cambridge  telescope  and  scale,  the  scale  is  40  cm.  long  di- 
vided in  millimeters  and  figured.  It  can  be  placed  horizontally  or 
vertically.  The  telescope  and  scale  are  both  mounted  upon  an 
adjustable  stand. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

TESTING,  ELECTRIC.  See  Instruments;  also  Part  III,  Elec- 
trical Testing  Laboratories. 

TESTING  SETS,  Portable  Leeds  &  Northrup.  Conveniently 
portable  and  thoroughly  reliable  instruments  for  measuring  re- 
sistances ranging  from  a  fraction  of  an  ohm  to  a  few  megohms,  to 
a  better  degree  of  accuracy  than  that  required  by  ordinary  com- 
mercial practice  and  for  making  the  Murray  and  Varley  loop  tests. 
They  consist  of  a  Wheatstone  Bridge,  a  battery,  and  a  portable 
galvanometer,  mounted  in  a  portable  case.  Besides  these,  they  are 
provided  with  various  switches  and  coils  to  admit  of  the  location  of 
faults,  crosses  and  grounds  on  circuits  whose  resistance  is  over 


Part  11.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     211 

10  ohms.     A  special  type  provides  for  the  location  of  faults  in  low 

resistance  type  circuits. 

— LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THERMOMETERS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

THERMOMETERS.  Chemical.  Of  best  European  make,  of  re- 
sistance glass.  The  glass-blowing  department  of  this  firm  is  equipped 
to  make  accurate  thermometers,  of  any  range  sub-divided  as  fine  as 
l/100th  degree  C.  On  special  orders,  thermometers  are  supplied 
tested  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Standards.  Also  thermometers  with 
certificate  of  German  Reichsanstalt.  Maximum  and  minimum  ther- 
mometers. Thermometers  for  special  purposes.  M.  Sendter's 
recording  thermometers,  etc. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

THERMOMETERS.  Chemical.  A  large  stock  of  the  best  German 
makes,  some  with  the  certificate  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Standards. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

THERMOMETERS.  Manufacturers  of  thermometers  for  all 
purposes  and  of  all  dimensions  for  tanks,  acid  chambers,  vats,  etc., 
also  extremely  accurate  thermometers  for  calorimeters  and  boiling 
point  tests.  Thermometers  for  factory  and  laboratory  purposes, 
carried  in  stock. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

THERMOMETERS  Queen,  are  the  result  of  the  long  experience 
in  this  line  of  work.  Queen  &  Co.  have  in  many  respects  been  the 
pioneer  in  the  development  of  scientific  thermometer  making  in 
America,  for  instance,  1000°  chemical  thermometer  and  the  first 
meterorological  pyrometer  to  1000°  made  in  this  country  were  made 
by  us.  The  first  scientific  catalogue  of  thermometers  and  meteoro- 
logical instruments  ever  published  in  this  country  was  written  and 
issued  by  Queen  &  Co.,  many  years  ago.  Queen  thermometers  are 
made  for  all  purposes,  technical,  scientific,  meteorological,  household, 
etc.  Data,  prices  and  full  information  furnished  upon  request. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THERMOMETERS,  Chemical. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THERMOMETERS.  All  glass  etched  scale  thermometers  for 
laboratory  use.  All  glass  thermometers  encased  in  substantial 
metallic  case  and  arranged  so  that  the  temperature  can  be  read  on  the 
outside  of  the  apparatus,  for  use  on  air  ducts  etc.  This  corporation 
is  the  outgrowth  of  the  thermometer  business  established  in  1851 
by  George  Taylor;  since  1890  the  company  has  absorbed  the  Hoh- 
mann  &  Maurer  Mfg.  Co.  (high-grade  thermometers  and  gauges), 


212        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

the  Watertown  Thermometer  Co.  (general  thermometers),  the 
R.  Hoehn  Co.  (commercial  thermometers  and  hydrometers),  Short 
&  Mason,  Ltd.,  the  H.  &  M.  Automatic  Regulator  Co.,  and  the 
American  branch  of  the  Cambridge  Scientific  Instrument  Co.  of 
Cambridge,  England  (pyrometers  and  measuring  instruments). 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

THERMOMETERS.     Industrial  type,  metal-cased;  designed  for 
specific  applications  in  all  industrial  purposes. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

THERMOMETERS.     Mercury-in-glass,  stem-graduated,  precision 
instruments  for  all  chemical  and  laboratory  work. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

THERMOMETERS.     Recording.     These  can  be  supplied  with  a 
series  of  scale  ranges  covering  all  industrial  purposes  to  a  maximum 
range  of  temperature  of,  say,  700°  F.     Charts  can  be  arranged  for 
daily  or  weekly  records. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

THERMOMETERS.     See  also  Pyrometers. 

TIME  RECORDER.  Bristol.  Records  automatically  the  occur- 
rence and  duration  of  various  operations,  such  as  the  starting  and 
stopping  of  machines,  opening  and  closing  of  valves,  etc.  Used  in 
connection  with  gas  producers,  Bessemer  converters,  to  record 
charging  and  discharging  of  coke  ovens,  etc.  Several  different 
operations  may  be  recorded  on  the  same  chart. 
— BRISTOL  Co.,  WATERBURY,  CONN. 

TRANSITS  AND  LEVELS.     A  complete  line  of  transits  to  meet  all 
requirements  of  the  engineer.     For  mountain  and  mining  work  we 
make  a  transit,  especially  adapted  for  this  work,  being  of  a  light 
construction,  but  possessing  great  accuracy. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

TRIANGLES.  Hoskins  chemist's  triangle,  "  the  equivalent  of 
platinum,  the  superior  of  all  others."  Made  from  a  special  metallic 
alloy  of  very  high  melting  point,  remarkable  resistance  to  oxidation 
and  practically  unaffected  by  ordinary  actions  of  acids.  Cost  but 
one-sixteenth  that  of  platinum. 
— HOSKINS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

URINARY  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

VACUUM  GAUGES.     High-quality  vacuum  gauges  for  all  indus- 
trial requirements. 
— TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  COMPANIES,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


Part  II.     Measuring  Instruments  and  Laboratory  Supplies.     213 

VACUUM  PUMPS.     See  Blowers;  also  Pumps. 

VISCOSIMETER,  Stormer's.  Simple  in  construction,  quickly 
and  easily  cleaned,  permits  a  large  number  of  tests  to  be  accurately 
made  within  a  short  time.  Its  operation  depends  on  a  paddle 
wheel  driven  by  constant  force.  Number  of  revolutions  measured 
with  the  aid  of  a  stop-watch.  Only  50  cc.  sample  required  for 
determination  of  viscosity. 
— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

VISCOSIMETER,  Engler's,  Reilly's,  Scott's,  Boverton  Redwood's, 
Tagliablue's,  Doolittle  Tortion,  etc. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

VISCOSIMETER.  Doolittle's  improved  torsion  viscosimeter.  No 
hole  to  clog  and  spoil  results,  simply  a  wire  to  twist.  Instant 
repetition  of  tests  can  be  made  without  cleaning  the  instrument. 
Viscosity  can  be  measured  at  any  temperature  with  ease.  The 
viscosity  of  an  oil  can,  therefore,  be  taken  at  the  temperature  at 
which  it  is  to  be  used.  Specific  gravity  does  not  influence  the  result. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

VISCOSIMETER  Greiner's. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 

VISCOSIMETER.  Scott's.  So  constructed  that  the  reservoir 
may  be  readily  removed  and  cleaned.  The  temperature  of  the  liquid 
to  be  tested  is  accurately  regulated  by  water  or  liquids  of  higher 
boiling  points  which  surround  the  reservoir.  We  also  handle 
Tagliablue's  and  Engler's  viscosimeters. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

VITREOSIL.     See  Quartz,  fused. 
— THE  THERMAL  SYNDICATE,  LTD.,  NEW  YORK. 

VOLT  AMMETERS,    WESTON    STANDARD.     See    Instruments, 
Weston  Standard. 
— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

VOLTMETERS,  WESTON  STANDARD.  See  Instruments,  Weston 
Standard. 

— WESTON  ELECTRICAL  INSTRUMENT  Co.,  WAVERLY  PARK,  NEWARK, 
N.  J. 

VOLTMETER,  Scott's.     For  paint  chemists  for  measuring  the 
volume  of  one  cubic  inch  of  powdered  material. 
— E.  H.  SARGENT  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

WATER  ANALYSIS.     Manufacturers  of  apparatus  of  any  kind 
for  water  analysis. 
— THE  EMIL  GREINER  Co.,  NEW  YORK. 


214        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

WATER  ANALYSIS  APPARATUS. 

— BAUSCH  &  LOMB  OPTICAL  Co.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

WATER  FILTER  for  household  and  laboratory  use. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

WEIGHTS    International  Standard  Metric  guaranteed  accurate 
subdivisions  of  the  international  standard  kilogram  adjusted  on  the 
Ainsworth  precision  balances  in  the  constant  temperature  vault  of 
this  firm.     Catalog  A-4. 
— WM.  AINSWORTH  &  SONS,  DENVER,  COLO. 

WEIGHTS  for  analytical  and  assay  balances  and  for  rough  weigh- 
ing. 
— EIMER  &  AMEND,  NEW  YORK. 

WEIGHTS.     Agents  for  Sauter's  balances  and  weights. 
— WM.  GAERTNER  &  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

WEIGHTS  for  analytical  and  assay  balances. 
— HENRY  HEIL  CHEMICAL  Co.,  ST.  Louis,  Mo. 

WEIGHTS  for  balances,  assay  ton  weights. 
— QUEEN  &  Co.,  INC.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

WEIGHTS   and    riders   for   balances   of   precision.     Established 
1888.     Illustrated  catalog  E. 
— VOLAND  &  SONS,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y. 

WEIGHTS  for  balances.  See  also  Balances. 
— SCIENTIFIC  MATERIALS  Co.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 
— ARTHUR  H.  THOMAS  Co.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

WHEATSTONE  BRIDGE.     See  Bridge. 


PART  ffl. 

Professional  Directory* 


BOOTH,  QARRETT  &  BLAIR,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Metallurgical,  analytical,  and  engineering  chemists.  Firm 
established  1836.  Analysis  of  special  steels,  ores,  and  minerals. 
Water  analyses,  bacteriological  and  sanitary.  Mechanical  tests  of 
metals,  stones,  woods.  Cement  testing.  While  the  work  of  the 
firm  consists  mainly  in  metallurgical  analysis  and  investigation,  a 
great  variety  of  other  work  is  also  done.  Particular  attention  is 
paid  to  alloy  steels  and  also  to  the  micrographic  investigation  of 
metals.  The  firm  makes  a  specialty  of  general  industrial  investiga- 
tion working  out  methods  for  obtaining  the  greatest  efficiency  of 
operation,  and  maintaining  the  quality  of  shipment  by  means  of 
routine  tests. 

R.  Q.  BURTON  AND  TAFT  READ,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Foresters  and  contracting  forest  engineers,  one  branch  of  whose 
work  is  of  special  interest  to  smelting  companies,  coke  ovens, 
fertilizer  works,  and  others  plants  which  give  off  gases  containing  a 
sulphur  or  arsenic  content  injurious  to  the  crops  and  timber  lands  of 
the  surrounding  country  and  which  have  as  a  result  become  involved 
in  suits  for  damages.  Mr.  Burton  and  Mr.  Read  have  had  special 
experience  in  the  collection  of  data  in  the  field  and  the  delivery  of 
expert  testimony  in  court,  tending  to  show  the  relative  damage  to 
vegetation  in  a  given  locality  done  by  fire,  insects,  fungi  and  other 
causes  as  compared  with  the  damage  done  by  deleterious  gases. 

BYRNES,  TOWNSEND  &  BRICKENSTEIN,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Patent  lawyers  and  experts  in  electricity,  metallurgy,  chemistry, 
and  electrochemistry.  This  firm,  while  practicing  patent  law 
before  the  Patent  Office  and  Courts,  is  qualified  and  largely  devotes 
its  attention  to  chemical,  electrochemical,  and  metallurgical  sub- 
jects. Mr.  Clinton  P.  Townsend  was  for  seven  years  assistant 
examiner  of  the  class  of  electrochemistry  in  the  Patent  Office;  he  is 
the  inventor  of  the  Townsend  electrolytic  cell.  Mr.  John  H.  Bricken- 
stein  entered  the  Patent  Office  as  Assistant  Examiner  of  Metallurgy; 
he  was  thereafter  in  an  electrical  division,  principal  examiner  of  a 
chemical  division,  and  for  a  number  of  years  senior  member  of  the 
board  of  examiners-in-chief.  Dr.  Eugene  A.  Byrnes  was  for  seven- 
teen years  in  the  Examining  Corps  of  the  Patent  Office.Tbeing  for 
ten  years  principal  examiner  of  the  Division  of  Electrochemistry 


216        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

and  Metallurgy,  also  having  charge  of  the  Laboratory.  Mr.  Brick- 
enstein  and  Dr.  Byrnes  are  members  of  the  Bar  of  the  Supreme 
Court. 

GEORGE  C.  DAVIS,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Metallurgical  chemist.  Analysis  of  alloys,  iron,  coal,  sand,  clay, 
and  cement.  Calorific  value  of  coal. 

ELECTRICAL  TESTING  LABORATORIES,  New  York. 

A  large  and  very  fully  equipped  laboratory  for  carrying  out  all 
kinds  of  electrical  tests  and  also  other  tests.  The  laboratories  were 
founded  with  the  support  of  the  largest  Edison  companies  in  this 
country,  who  recognized  the  necessity  of  such  an  institution,  not 
only  for  their  own  purposes — for  testing  lamps — but  for  the  elec- 
trical industries  in  general.  A  large  part  of  the  work  of  the  Labora- 
tories is  still  the  testing  of  lamps,  but  the  equipment  of  the  labora- 
tories and  the  personnel  of  the  staff  are  such  that  almost  any  elec- 
trical test  desired  may  be  readily  performed  there.  Besides  arc  and 
incandescent  lamp  tests,  including  gas,  acetylene,  etc. — the  work  of, 
the  laboratories  includes  electrical  and  photometrical  standardiza- 
tions, resistance,  conductivity,  insulation  and  magnetic  tests,  calibra- 
tion of  instruments,  etc.,  also  tests  of  fuels,  thermometers  and  ma- 
terials of  construction.  Special  investigations  are  undertaken. 
Acceptance  inspections  and  tests  of  insulators,  wire  and  cable 
transformers,  electrical  machinery,  etc.,  are  made  in  any  part  of  the 
country.  The  equipment  is  in  every  respect  up-to-date.  Private 
laboratories  are  available  for  secret  work,  and  special  provision 
has  been  made  for  electrochemical  and  electrometallurgical  re- 
search and  development  work  by  clients  personally. 

FITZGERALD  AND  BENNIE  LABORATORIES,   Niagara  Falls, 
N.  Y. 

The  distinctive  feature  of  these  laboratories  is  the  design,  construc- 
tion, and  operation  of  electric  furnaces  for  all  purposes,  and  study 
of  all  problems  associated  therewith.  Special  attention  is  being  paid 
to  the  study  of  electric  furnaces  for  all  grades  of  steel,  such  as  the 
production  of  steel  of  crucible  quality  for  tool  purposes  starting 
from  cold  scrap,  or  the  production  of  special  grades  of  steel  for  any 
purpose.  These  laboratories  have  had  experience  with  nearly  all 
the  prominent  types  for  these  purposes,  as  well  as  for  the  production 
of  such  other  electric  furnace  products  as  carbides,  alloys,  artificial 
abrasives,  refractory  material,  etc.  FitzGerald  and  Bennie  Labora- 
tories do  not,  however,  represent  any  interests  controlling  special 
types  of  furnaces,  hence  are  in  position  to  advise  and  suggest  as  to 
furnaces  best  adapted  to  any  particular  purpose.  Intimate  knowl- 
edge of  all  types  of  electric  steel  furnaces  gives  this  feature  special 
value  to  those  interested  in  the  application  of  the  electric  furnace  to 
steel  treatment  of  manufacture.  Special  attention  is  devoted  to 
the  study  of  resistor  furnaces,  involving  problems  requiring  control 
and  accurate  adjustment  of  temperature  or  atmosphere.  Re- 
search work  in  refractories  is  an  important  branch  of  work  carried 


Part  111.     Professional  Directory.  217 

on.  General  analytical  work  is  not  undertaken;  but  special  ana- 
lytical problems  connected  with  electric  furnace  work  have  been  the 
subject  of  considerable  study.  The  furnace  laboratory  equipment 
permits  the  study  of  problems  requiring  50  to  100  kilowatts;  for  work 
on  the  commercial  scale,  up  to  1000  kilowatts,  special  arrangements 
can  easily  be  made  for  both  power  and  apparatus.  During  the  past 
two  years  a  special  line  of  furnaces  have  been  developed  suitable  for 
intermediate  temperatures,  between  1000  degrees  and  1500  degrees 
Centigrade,  adapted  for  the  melting  of  aluminium,  brass,  bronzes, 
and  special  alloys  for  castings,  where  temperature  regulation  and 
control  of  the  atmosphere  in  the  furnace  is  desired.  The  work  has 
also  been  extended  to  special  types  of  furnaces  for  various  heating 
purposes,  where  the  products  of  combustion  existing  in  fuel-fired 
furnaces  are  found  objectionable. 

HAMLIN  &  MORRISON,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Analytical  chemists.     Firm  established  1892. 

N.  L.  HEINZ,  La  Salle,  111. 

Contracting  engineer.  Plants  for  the  manufacture  of  zinc  and 
sulphuric  acid,  utilization  of  waste  sulphur  gases.  Designer  and 
erector  of  the  200-ton  per  day  acid  plant  for  the  Ducktown  Sulphur 
Copper  and  Iron  Co.,  Isabella,  Tenn.,  making  acid  from  pyritic 
blast  furnace  gas. 

CARL  HERINQ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Consulting  electrical  engineer.  Investigations,  reports,  re- 
searches, patent  litigation,  etc.  Specialties:  electric  furnaces,  elec- 
trolytic corrosion,  electrochemistry,  tests  and  investigations. 

WOOLSEY  MCA.  JOHNSON,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Metallurgical  Engineer,  Formerly  electrometallurgist  Orford 
Copper  Co.  and  metallurgist  Lanyon  Zinc  Co.,  etc.  Member  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  and  American  Electrochemical 
Society.  Specialist  on  the  application  of  physical  chemistry  to 
metallurgical  and  electrometallurgical  processes.  Research  and 
electric  furnace  laboratory. 

E.  S.  LINCOLN,  Brookline,  Mass. 

Consulting  engineer.  Testing  and  research  laboratory  fully 
equipped  for  testing  and  research  work  in  the  electrical,  chemical 
and  electrochemical  fields,  for  the  service  of  those  firms  and  indi- 
viduals who  require  expert  testing  work  but  have  not  the  facilities . 

DR.  CHAS.  F.  MCKENNA,  New  York. 

The  Laboratories  of  Dr.  Chas.  F.  McKenna  in  New  York,  with 
their  organization,  equipment  and  records,  are  now  a  recognized 
centre  for  information  on  materials.  His  25  years'  experience  in 
studying  raw  materials  and  the  production  and  properties  of  the 
finished  materials  of  technology  has  brought  them  to  this  high 
standard. 


218        Metallurgical  and  Chemical  Engineering's  Dictionary. 

The  Chemical  Department  is  engaged  in  analytical  work  as  well  as 
synthetic  work  and  research.  It  is  much  consulted  by  patentees. 
The  technical  research  outfit  is  particularly  adapted  to  the  investiga- 
tion of  raw  processes  on  a  small  practical  scale  with  tanks,  coils, 
centrifugals,  grinders,  furnaces,  etc.  Low  temperatures  are  also 
provided.  The  Physical  Department  is  supplied  with  most  of  the 
delicate  physical  apparatus  used  in  the  different  branches  of  tech- 
nology. The  Mechanical  Test  Department  is  outfitted  with  heavy 
testing  machines  and  the  smaller  machines  for  tests  of  cement, 
paper,  textile  fabrics,  etc.  The  Bureau  of  Inspection  is  organized 
for  the  control  of  structural  materials  supplied  to  great  works  of 
engineering  and  architecture.  Mill,  shop,  field  and  laboratory  tests 
are  all  covered  by  this  department.  His  clients  are  found  amongst 
the  most  prominent  engineers,  architects,  lawyers,  inventors, 
financiers,  and  purchasing  agents  throughout  the  world. 

C.  L.  PARKER,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Solicitor  of  chemical,  electrochemical,  and  metallurgical  patents. 
Successor  to  the  Washington  practice  of  Shepherd  &  Parker. 

SAM.  P.  SADTLER  &  SON,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Consulting  and  analytical  chemists.  Organized  and  equipped 
for  experimental  studies  of  industrial  processes  and  products,  mote 
particularly  in  the  line  of  organic  material.  Will  advise  and  aid 
inventors  in  bringing  chemical  inventions  in  form  for  presentation 
to  the  U.  S.  Patent  Office  as  well  as  in  submitting  supposed  anticipa- 
tions to  critical  examination  and  comparison.  The  firm  consists 
of  Dr.  Sam.  P.  Sadtler,  president  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Chemical  Engineers,  and  Sam.  S.  Sadtler,  former  Secretary  of  the 
American  Electrochemical  Society. 

ALFRED  SANG,  Paris  and  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Mechanical  and  metallurgical  engineer;  designing  and  consulting. 
Specialties:  the  protection  of  metals  against  corrosion:  including 
processes,  continuous  or  automatic  machines  and  complete  plants 
for  plating  such  articles  as  nails,  bolts,  screws,  small  hardware,  tubes, 
telegraph  material,  etc.,  with  zinc,  brass,  copper,  tin,  etc.  Machines 
designed  for  special  purposes.  Hot  galvanizing  and  hot  tinning, 
also  barrel  and  boiling  processes.  Zincing,  brasing  and  coppering 
with  zinc  oxide,  brass  dust  and  copper  dust.  Furnace  inoxidation 
process.  Rust-proofing  enamel.  Special  machinery  for  cleaning, 
pickling,  washing,  drying,  polishing  and  scratch-brushing.  Low- 
voltage  dynamos,  rheostats  and  measuring  instruments.  Member 
of  the  firm  of  Sang  et  Raffinesque,  Paris,  designing,  manuacturing 
and  consulting  engineers.  Corrosion  problems:  laboratory  and  ser- 
vice tests  devised  and  carried  out  in  all  climates  and  under  all  con- 
ditions. 

JOHN  E.  TEEPLE,  PH.D.,  New  York. 

Consulting  chemist  and  chemical  engineer.  The  consulting  work 
of  Dr.  Teeple  relates  to  the  design,  installation,  improvement  and 


Part  111.     Professional  Directory.  219 

operation  of  chemical  plants  and  the  investigation  of  chemical  plants 
and  processes.  Special  attention  has  been  given  to  all  phases  of  wood 
distillation  including  the  recovery  of  turpentine,  oil  and  other  by- 
products from  pine  wood  and  the  recovery  of  values  from  waste 
wood  of  saw-mills.  Particular  attention  is  given  to  the  preparation 
and  handling  of  materials  at  low  costs  in  manufacturing  plants. 

WILKINSON,  FISHER  &  WITHERSPOON,  Washington,  D.  C.   and 
New  York. 

Attorneys  and  counsellors  at  law,  making  a  specialty  of  chemical, 
electrochemical,  and  metallurgical  patent  practice.  The  firm  con 
sists  of  Ernest  Wilkinson,  Counsellor  at  law,  Samuel  T.  Fisher, 
formerly  Asst.  Commissioner  of  Patents,  and  principal  examiner 
of  one  of  the  chemical  divisions,  U.  S.  Patent  Office,  and  Thomas 
A.  Witherspoon,  M.  S.  Late  principal  examiner,  Division  of  Electro- 
chemistry and  Metallurgy,  U.  S.  Patent  Office. 


(IT  METALLURGICAL  AND  CHEMICAL  EN- 
™  GIN  BERING,  as  the  name  implies,  is  devoted 
to  the  various  engineering  features  of  metallurgy 
and  chemistry.  AH  of  these  features  are  so 
closely  allied,  that  every  problem  of  interest  to 
metallurgists  is  of  importance  to  chemical  and 
electrochemical  engineers  as  well. 

(JT  METALLURGICAL  AND  CHEMICAL  EN- 
^  GINEERING  is  not  devoted  to  a  single  trade. 
It  Is  of  greatest  value  to  all  those  interested  in 
the  smelting  of  iron,  refining  of  steel,  or  in  any 
feature  of  the  refining  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
etc.,  and  also  to  those  in  charge  of  any  operation 
where  a  chemical  engineering  problem  is  in- 
volved. Such  men  will  find  every  subject  of 
live  interest  to  them  in  their  work,  exhaustively 
treated  in  the  reading  columns  of  Metallurgical 
and  Chemical  Engineering  each  month. 

(TT  As  apart  from  the  trade  paper  on  the  one  hand, 
^  and  the  purely  scientific  magazine  on  the 
other,  METALLURGICAL  AND  CHEMICAL 
ENGINEERING  fills  a  valuable  niche  in  the  library 
of  those  who  desire  to  keep  posted  on  every 
subject  pertaining  to  engineering  operations 
In  iron  and  steel  mills,  the  ore  reduction  works 
for  the  refining  of  the  "precious"  metals,  and 
in  the  chemical  and  electrochemical  plants  which 
are  so  rabidly  growing  in  prestige  and  importance. 

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